Date post: | 14-Jan-2016 |
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Genetic engineering
• Manipulation of genetic material for practical purposes has begun industrial revolution in biotechnology – use of living organisms or components to do practical tasks
Tools of genetic engineering1) restriction enzymes – bacterial enzymes which
protect bacteria against intruding DNA from other organisms by cutting up foreign DNA
• 1st found in late ’60’s
• Recognize short specific nucleotide sequences
in DNA & cut at specific points within these sequences
• 100’s & ~100 different specific recognition sequences
Tools of genetic engineering
• Sequences are symmetric; 4-8 nucleotides on both strands, but running in opposite directions
ex: 5’ GAATTC 3’
3’ CTTAAG 5’
Tools of genetic engineering
2) gel electrophoresis – separates NA or protein
by size & electric charge by measuring rate
of movement through an electric field
Applications of biotechnology
• Diagnosis of disease
• Gene therapy
• Pharmaceutical products
• Forensics
• Agricultural uses
• Cloning