Chapter 20: Northern Eurasia

Warm Up Chapter 19

1.Who established the Ottoman Empire?

2.The Ottoman Empire is a new version of what empire?

3.Who are Janissaries and how were they successful?

4.Who begins the Safavid Empire?

5.Difference between Istanbul and Isfahan:

6.Why is there problem between Ottomans and Safavids?

7.Who established Mughal Empire?

8.Mughal is Persian for what?

9.Where do the Dutch establish their capital?

10.What 2 goods do the Dutch trade?

• I. Japanese Reunification– A. Civil War and Invasion of Korea– Japan came under control of warlords called

daimyo– Hideyoshi lead an invasion of Korea– Hideyoshi died and Japan and Korea made

peace

– B. Tokugawa Shogunate– In 1600, Tokugawa brought all local lords under

his administration– Tokugawa land system: gave loyal lords rice land

close to the capital; disloyal lords undeveloped land far away

– Japanese Emperor had no political power– C. Japan and the Europeans– Jesuits were successful at converting farmers in

Japan– Rebellion in 1630 was blamed on the Christians– Japan closed its ports in 1649 only the Dutch

were allowed in; also Japan put a ban on Christianity

– D. Elite Decline and Social Crisis– The system instilled by the Tokugawa depended

on merchants giving loans– Population growth put strain on agricultural

economy– Decentralization in Japan led to: growth in

merchant class and economy in Japan• II. Later Ming and Early Qing Empires

– A. The Ming Empire, 1500-1644– Climate change led to crop distress, migration,

and disease in the Ming dynasty– Silver from the New World brought to China

inflated the market– Why? How?

– B. Ming Collapse and Rise of the Qing– Li Zicheng overthrew the Ming in 1644 Qing

dynasty claimed China for its own– Ming suffered from invaders on its borders– Ming also suffered financially: Ming dynasty

helped Korea defeat Japanese invasion– Why?– Manchu Imperial family ruled the Qing Empire

Manchu Ruler

– C. Trading Companies and Missionaries– Chinese only allowed limited access in foreign

trade– Spain, Dutch, Portugal—limited access– Jesuits converted Chinese elite– D. Emperor Kangxi– Kangxi becomes ruler at 16– During his reign the Qing dynasty incorporated

many foreign ideas and technologies in their advancement: mapmaking, astronomy, anatomical and pharmaceutical knowledge from Jesuits

– Jesuits converted Chinese and let them have their Confucius beliefs

– E. Chinese Influence on Europe– The wealth of the Qing dynasty attracted a lot of

trade from Europe: goods such as silk, tea, porcelain, and wallpaper

– F. Tea and Diplomacy– Foreign trade could only come through one city

(Canton); this was successful until 1700– Foreign countries (Dutch, British, French) tried to

amend this policy with no success

• III. Russian Empire– A. Drive across Northern Asia– When the Mongols were gone from the

Russian land Moscow became the center of Russia

– Ivan IV takes the title of tsar in 1547– Russia only could expand east because west

was already civilized

Ivan IV

– B. Russian Society and Politics– Cossacks were military servicemen who made

temporary alliances with whoever could pay– Russian aristocrats: boyars put Romanov in

power– Mikhail Romanov takes power in 1613 and

takes most of the freedoms away from the peasants

– 1649 peasants were made into serfs

Romanov

– C. Peter the Great– Fought to gain a port in the Black Sea and to

free Istanbul of Muslim rule– Great Northern War was won and Peter built

the capital of St. Petersburg– Attempted to modernize Russia building

industrial plants and strengthen the military• Reforms (put down at the bottom sorry)

– Built Russia’s first navy and modernized the army

– Brought the church under state control and started the first Russian newspaper

• Built St. Petersburg as his new capital, was modeled after western cities

• D. Consolidation of the Empire

• Russia expands to Alaska for timber and furs

• Catherine the Great has the world’s largest land empire but it is not industrialized like Europe