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Section 20-5:Section 20-5:
Seeking a World RoleSeeking a World Role
Foreign policies of:Foreign policies of:T RooseveltT Roosevelt
TaftTaftWilsonWilson
T. Roosevelt foreign policyT. Roosevelt foreign policy::
• “Big Stick” Diplomacy
• “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far” (African proverb?)
-negotiate peacefully
-BUT also have threat of force (military) available
Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe DoctrineRoosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
• US is obligated to intervene if nations in Americas became unstable (owe $)
-TR: US must “exercise our international police power”
-in response to European gunboat diplomacy over debtor nations (Dominican Republic)
Panama CanalPanama Canal
• Built for commercial & military uses 1904-1914 for $500M
• Colombia would not lease canal zone to U.S.
• U.S. sponsors revolt by new Republic of Panama; pays it $10M
• Dr. Gorgas instrumental (eradicated yellow fever)
• 1921: US pays Colombia $25M for loss of Panama (despite TR’s objections)
U.S. and AsiaU.S. and Asia
• Russo-Japanese War (1904-05): both tried to control Manchuria, Korea
--TR won Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating
• Gentlemen’s Agreement
• 1908 Root-Takahira Agreement
• “great white fleet:” U.S. display of power (esp. Japan)
Taft’s Foreign PolicyTaft’s Foreign Policy
• “Dollar Diplomacy”
-U.S. businesses urged to invest abroad (China, Caribbean, S. America)
-investors would be protected by US govt
Taft’s Foreign PolicyTaft’s Foreign Policy
-substituted “dollars for bullets”; no need to flex military muscle like TR (?)
-US investment in China angers Japan (encroaches on its sphere of influence)
Wilson’s Foreign PolicyWilson’s Foreign Policy
• “Moral Diplomacy” -WW rejects Big Stick and Dollar Diplomacy -Blend of morality and Christianity
-wanted US to “direct” democracy & self-govt of weaker nations (intervened in Mexican civil war)
-did not recognize “illegitimate” (de facto) govts
Wilson’s Foreign PolicyWilson’s Foreign Policy
Mexico
-Huerta overthrows Madero (assassinated) -US does not recognize
-Tampico incident: -US sends arms to Carranza (Huerta rival) -US Marines arrested, then released -Apology, but no salute to US flag -Wilson wants to use armed force (Apr 1914)
-Veracruz
Wilson’s Foreign PolicyWilson’s Foreign Policy
Mexico
-Veracruz incident:
-Reports of German ship with arms for Huerta -WW orders city seized
-Mexicans unite against US (ABC powers mediate)
-Carranza takes over -US withdraws troops (Nov)