Standards S.S. 6.7.8 Describe the legacies of Roman art and
architecture, technology and science, literature, language, and
law. ELA Reading 6.2.7 Make reasonable assertions about a text
through accurate, supporting citations.
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Anticipatory Set What advances in art and engineering have we
seen across the curriculum? In Egypt? In China? In India?
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Objective Students will learn about Roman achievements in art,
architecture, and technology. They will also read about science and
medicine in the Roman Empire.
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Language of the Discipline Mosaic Aqueduct Claudius Ptolemy
Hypatia Dissect
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Art and Architecture (Input) Greek art and architecture had
great influence on the Romans The Romans did not copy the Greeks
They constructed buildings and created artwork that fit the Roman
needs and tastes
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Painting and Sculpture (Input) Art filled many homes and public
buildings in Roman towns Floors were decorated with mosaics A
mosaic is a design formed with small tiles of glass, stone, or
pottery. Many homes had decorative wall murals Sculpture was
popular as well Statues of gods and important officials stood in
markets, temples, and other public places.
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Painting and Sculpture (Input) In contrast to Greek artists who
tried to show perfect beauty, the Romans were more realistic
Skillful artisans used various materials to make beautiful everyday
objects They crafted vases and jars of blue glass and mirrors of
polished silver Animal bone was used in combs and pins Romans wore
jewelry made of silver, gold, and gems
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Painting and Sculpture (Input)
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Buildings and Bridges (Input) Roman architects based their
designs on Greek models These architects went on to devise new
building materials and methods One innovation was the invention of
concrete Concrete is a building material made by mixing small
stones and sand with limestone, clay, and water. This mix was
poured into forms and would then harden Concrete was lighter and
easier to work with than stone Workers needed less skill to pour
concrete than to carve stone
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Buildings and Bridges (Input) Using this new material, workers
were able to design large open structures covered with domes One of
the most famous being the Pantheon Concrete was also used in Romes
Colosseum An outdoor arena where 50,000 people could watch
gladiator battles, wild beast hunts, and criminals being put to
death It could also be filled with water for make-believe sea
battles A rounded arch is the most typical feature of Roman
structures. They were over roadways and on the walls of the
Colosseum All across the empire, Roman soldiers and engineers build
sturdy bridges supported by rounded arches
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Buildings and Bridges (Input)
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Technology and Science (Input) The Romans were practical people
The excelled at using technology to improve daily life Some roads,
bridges, and water systems they built are still in use today
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Roman Roads (Input) All Roads lead to Rome is an old saying
Major roads extended to and from the city of Rome like spokes of a
wheel More than 50,000 miles of straight, paved roads crisscrossed
the empire The roads linked cities and military forts They were
built to last a long time and we use some of Romes routes today The
roads were built to move the army from place to place
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Roman Roads (Input) Military engineers, architects,
stonemasons, and surveyors traveled with the army Soldiers turned
into road builders when not fighting All roads had the same pattern
Straight A layer of large flat stones was laid in the bottom of the
roadbed Smaller stones and gravel were laid on top The surface was
covered with paving stone, crushed rock, or concrete Roads had a
slight hump in the middle so that water would drain during
storms
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Roman Roads (Input)
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Smooth all-weather roads were an improvement from dirt paths
The roads sped up communication Messengers on horseback could
travel up to 75 miles a day, making government and trade more
efficient Roads made it possible for people to see the world
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Water Systems (Input) Roman engineers designed elaborate water
systems to supply towns with clean water They built hundreds of
miles of canals and aqueducts to move water from mountain springs
to the plans below An aqueduct is a structure for carrying water
across land Roman aqueducts looked like long bridges Water ran on
one level in a covered channel. A second level served as a road
Once in the city, water flowed in to lead pipes Some ran to the
public fountains. Most people got their water from these
sources
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Water Systems (Input) The wealthy had water piped into their
homes Other pipes supplied public baths. In these bathhouses,
heating systems under the floors supplied warm or hot water to
different soaking pools They also built sewer systems to carry
waste away from the cities No one could come up with a better sewer
system until modern times
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Water Systems (Input)
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Science (Input) One important scientist of this time influenced
how people viewed the universe for the next 1,200 years Greek
astronomer and mathematician Claudius Ptolemy wrote a famous book
on astronomy called Almagest where he used mathematics to show that
earth is the center of the universe The sun, moon, and other
planets revolved around the Earth according to him (not true but
believed for centuries) A popular scholar named Hypatia was a
teacher of philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, and religion
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Science (Input) Many Christians were suspicious of science and
rumor has it Hypatia was murdered by a Christian mob She is
remembered as the first woman to be noted for excellence in
mathematics
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Medicine (Input) During the rule of Caesars, physicians
continued to make advances in medicine The best known physician in
the Roman Empire was a Greek doctor named Claudius Galen Early on
his patients were gladiators Later he became the physician of three
emperors Galen is remembered today for his use of experiments to
expand medical knowledge He carefully dissected, or cut open,
animals such as monkeys, pigs, sheep, and goats to study how bodies
function
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Medicine (Input) He was the first to discover that arteries and
veins carry blood, not air, as had been believed for hundreds of
years Doctors used Galens writings on anatomy for more than a
thousand years
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Check for Understanding Please determine the BEST answer for
the following question. Please write your answer on your white
boards and wait for the teachers signal. On the teachers signal,
hold up your white boards.
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Checking for Understanding #1 Fill in the blank _______________
a structure for carrying water across land aqueduct
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Checking for Understanding #2 Answer the following question.
What innovation did the Romans come up with to help them with
architecture? The Romans invented concrete, which was easier to
work with than stone
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Checking for Understanding #3 Answer the following question.
Which important scientist influenced how people viewed the
universe? Claudius Ptolemy influenced how people view the
universe
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Guided Practice/Independent Practice Guided Practice Complete
questions 1 - 2 on the reading comprehension worksheet. Raise your
hand and wait to get stamped. If you received an R go to the back
table with Ms. Graham. Independent Practice Once you have been
stamped moved to independent practice and complete numbers 3 and 4
on the reading comprehension worksheet. Homework Note-taking guide
on the reverse side.