CHAPTER 20

Section 1: The British Empire in the Postwar Era

Section 2: Turkey, Persia, and Africa

Section 3: Unrest in China

Section 4: Imperialism in Japan

Section 5: Latin America Between the Wars

Nationalist Movements Around the World

SECTION 1

Bell Ringer 20.1:What was the British reaction to the Indian independence movement’s policies of passive resistance?

The British Empire in the Postwar Era

Passive Resistance British Reaction

B_____________

N____________ of taxes

SECTION 1The British Empire in the Postwar Era

The world struggled to recover after WWI.

Just as the economies were beginning torecover . . . the Great Depression struck.

In some European countries the economic turmoil helped causethe rise of dictatorships.

In other parts of the world, revolutionary movements took place.

SECTION 1The British Empire in the Postwar Era

“The sun neversets on theBritish Empire.”

After WWI,many of theBritish coloniesdemandedself-rule.

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1914 ~ the British declared Egypt a protectorate.

After WWI, a nationalist movement – the Wafd Party – developedand led a popular revolt that was quickly put down.

Egypt

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In 1922, the British declared Egypt independent . . . But would leavemilitary forces there to defend Egypt and protect the Suez Canal.

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In the 1920s and 1930s, theEgyptian nationalists wantedcomplete independence.

1936 ~ Anglo-Egyptian TreatyBritish troops would remainin Egypt.

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The Middle East

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Middle Eastern Arabs had helped the British in WWI against the Ottoman Empire.

But the British and French imposed control over the area after the war.

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Eventually the British would recognize the independence of bothTransjordan and Iraq . . . But they would maintain a strong military presence in both.

The British would keep complete control over Palestine.

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Since the late 1800s, Jews fromEurope had been establishingsmall colonies in Palestine.

Zionism ~ nationalist movementto build homeland for Jews.

Balfour Declaration

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The British had also promisedthe creation of an independentArab state that included parts ofPalestine.

Both Jews and Arabs expected theBritish to make good on its promises.

Tensions rose between the two groups.

In 1937 the British declared that a Zionist homeland and an Arab statewas incompatible. It recommended dividing the land between the two.

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IndiaIn return for Indian troops and moneyduring WWI, Britain had promisedIndia more self-government.

The British were divided on the issue …but so were the Indians.

But any settlement would HAVE toaccommodate the diverse groups.

SECTION 1The British Empire in the Postwar EraMohandas Gandhi

Leader of the Indian nationalist movement

…opposed violence in any form.

… urged people to gain independence by nonviolently refusing to cooperate with thegov’t

Civil disobedience ~ passive resistance

How do you do this?

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1935 ~ the British allowed India to elect representatives …

But full independence was not to be.

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QUIZ TIME!