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Chapter 21Fungi
Honors Biology
Spring 2009
Kingdom Fungi
• Eukaryotic
• Heterotrophic- external digestion/absorption– Saprobe- obtain food from decaying matter
• Cell walls- chitin
• Mostly multicellular
Structure of Fungi
• Hyphae- tiny filaments
• Mycelium- many hyphae together; makes “body”
• Fruiting body-
reproductive
structure
Mycelium
Fruiting body
Hyphae
PAGE 528
Fungi Reproduction
• Asexual-– Hyphae breaks– Haploid spores
• Sexual-– Gametangium- structure that forms gametes
Classification of Fungi
• Zygomycota• Common molds
• Example- black bread mold
Classification of Fungi
• Ascomycota• Sac fungi
• Includes yeasts and some mushrooms
Classification of Fungi
• Basidiomycota• Club fungi
• Most mushrooms
Classification of Fungi
• Deuteromycota• Imperfect fungi (lack
sexual reproduction)
• Includes Penicillium
Anatomy of a Mushroom
• Mushroom Dissection Lab
• Objective: To be able to identify the main components of a mushroom– Pileus (cap)– Scales– Lamellae (gills), – Stipe (stem or stalk)– Annulus (ring)
Fungi Ecology
• Helped plants colonize land– Recycle nutrients and stabilize soil
• Decomposers
• Symbiotic relationships
• Parasites and diseases
Symbiotic Relationships
• Lichens • Mycorrhizae
Common Fungal Diseases
• Mycosis- general term describing fungal infections– Superficial– Cutaneous– Subcutaneous– Systemic
Ringworm
• Increased fungal growth– warm, moist environment
• Scaling, flaking, itching, “ring” pattern
• Occur on body, legs, arms, feet, scalp…
Athlete’s foot
• Increased fungal growth– warm, moist environment
• Scaling, flaking, itching
• Antifungal cream
Yeast Infection
• Overgrowth of yeast• Redness, itching,
soreness, white discharge
• Occur in mouth, throat, genitals
• Oral antifungal medication and probiotics