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Chapter 21
Tobacco
Chemicals in a Cigarette
4,000 different chemicals – ammonia, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, methanol, acetone, etc.
Why do they add all of these chemicals?
Tobacco smoke is classified a Type A carcinogen – cancer causing agent Type A is the most dangerous
Nicotine
The addictive drug found in tobacco leaves
Stimulant- a drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, heart, and other organs Raises blood pressure, heart rate, and
contributes to heart disease and stroke
Tar
A thick, sticky, dark fluid that is produced when tobacco burns Destroys cilia (tiny hair like structures
that line the upper respiratory system and protect against infection)
Damages alveoli (air sacs responsible for oxygen exchange)
Damages lung tissue making you more susceptible to diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, and cancer
Long/Short Term Effects of Tobacco What are the long and short term effects
of tobacco use? “Harmful effects”
Pipes and cigars- pg 541 Smokeless tobacco- pg 542 Tobacco- pg 542-544
Carbon Monoxide
Colorless, odorless and poisonous gas
CO replaces oxygen in the blood & deprives cells & tissues of oxygen
Increases risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and hardening of the arteries
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Mainstream smoke: exhaled from
smoker’s lungs Sidestream smoke: smoke from the end
of a burning cigarette Effects:
Headache Irritated eyes Cough Each year 3,000 people get lung cancer as a
result of ETS
Cigars and Pipe Tobacco
Not a safe alternative Contain significantly more
nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide
Increased risk of lip, mouth, and throat cancer
Smokeless Tobacco
NOT a safe alternativeDelivers nicotine and carcinogens at 2-3 times that of 1 cigarette
Cancer of throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, & mouth
Smokeless Tobacco and Cancer Contains 28 carcinogens Strongly associated with leukoplakia
—a precancerous lesion of the soft tissue in the mouth that consists of a white patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off.
Associated with recession of the gums, gum disease, and tooth decay.
Oral Cancer-smokeless tobacco
Smoked tobacco
Discoloration of teeth, nails, and skin Chronic Bronchitis – coughing and
mucus secretion Emphysema: disease that destroys
the tiny air sacs in the lungs Lung Cancer: two – three years
before death
Smoker’s Lung
All tobacco products
Heart disease and stroke: nicotine constricts blood flow and causes plaque build-up on artery walls