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TRANSPORTCHAPTER 22

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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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THE LARYNX

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THE FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

▪ There are two phases of breathing- inhaling (inspiration) and

exhaling (expiration).

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INSPIRATION

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EXPIRATION

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~ 1 L

~ 2 L

~ 0.5 L ~ 5-6 L

LUNG VOLUMES

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OXYGEN EXCHANGE

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OXYGEN TRANSPORT

▪ Once in the blood, oxygen is

combined with hemoglobin in

red blood cells to form

oxyhemoglobin. Blood that

carries oxygen is called

oxygenated blood.

▪ Hemoglobin can also carry

carbon dioxide at the same

time, since they have different

binding sites.

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THE THREE STAGESOF RESPIRATION

Cellular Respiration

External Respiration

Internal Respiration

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CONTROL OF BREATHING

The nerve cells in the part

of the brain that controls

breathing make up the

respiratory center.

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THE RESPIRATORY CENTER

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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

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The Heart and Blood Vessels

▪ Cardio (heart) + vascular (vessel)

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The Heart

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18 Blood Vessels

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THE BLOOD

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BLOOD COMPOSITION

▪ Plasma is a yellow fluid that makes up the

highest percentage of blood.

▪ It is 90% water and is almost identical to

lymph. The remaining 10% is made of

proteins, dissolved gases, minerals, vitamins,

nutrients, hormones, and waste substances.

▪ The components of plasma can change after

you’ve finished a big meal or drank a lot of

water.

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ERYTHROCYTES – RED BLOOD CELLS

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LEUKOCYTES – WHITE BLOOD CELLS

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PLATELETS

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HEART CIRCULATION RULES

▪ Left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood

▪ Right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated

blood

▪ Veins go to the heart

▪ Arteries go away from the heart

▪ Blood enters the heart through the atria

▪ Blood leaves the heart through the ventricles

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BLOOD CIRCULATION

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THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IN THE HUMAN BODY

▪ In addition to oxygen, the body must obtain nutrients and

eliminate waste products.

▪ Carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, is

transported to the lungs so that it can be exhaled.

▪ Capillaries near the intestines pick up nutrients absorbed

from food to distribute to the body in the bloodstream.

▪ The kidneys and liver filter the blood to remove waste

products, toxins and red blood cells to be excreted in urine.

▪ The heart relies on the brain and nervous system to control

and monitor the cardiac cycle.

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