Chapter 23: Fungi

Fungus Diversity

•Identify what fungi are. •Describe habitats of fungi. •Outline the structure of fungi. •Describe fungi reproduction. •Summarize the evolution of fungi. •Give an overview of fungi classification.

You should be able to:

What is a Fungus?

Not a plant!!!– Heterotroph - No chlorophyll

therefore a– Saprobe – feeds on dead or

decaying matter

Eat by absorbing nutrients (decomposer)

– extracellular digestion, - Use hyphae for digestion that takes place outside of the body.

– Enzymes that break down nutrients then it is absorbed. (plants do not absorb nutrients)

Nutrition (Gets its food: )

Symbiosis

- Two organisms live in association together– Types of Symbiosis

• Mutualism• Parasitism• commensalism

Parasitic Fungus

- Parasite - live off of living organism Ex. athletes foot

- extracellular digestion

What it looks like under skin.

Ringworm

Mutualistic Fungus

Lichens and Mycorrizae

Lichens

- mutualism between a fungus and an algae- fungus- moisture, algae- food- Pioneer- one of first organisms to move into an areaenvironmentally sensitive

Mutualism: Lichen

Mycorrhizae

- mutual relationship between plant roots and fungi (90%)- increase absorption ability of roots

fungus benefit - nutrients and water

Structure of Fungus

• Cell wall made out of Chitin

Hyphae- reproductive filamentsMycelium- visible mass of hyphae

• Ex.Mushroom

-

- Hyphae and a mycelium

Reproduction of Fungus

Asexual – Fragmentation ,budding, – Produce spores

Spores

- Sporangium

- structure producing spores- sexual reproduction- 3 types- basis of classification

Adaptations

- spores- resistant- spores carried everywhere- huge numbers- puffball= trillion spores- warm, moist conditions

Zygote Fungus

Phylum – ZygomygotaExample: Bread MoldSpores are made by both asexual and sexual repro.Sexual Reproductive structure:– Sporangium

Distinct structures of:– Rhizoids – hyphae that

anchor the fungus– Stolon – mycelia that grow

along the surface

Note Rhizoids and Stolons:

You are looking at sporangia – contains spores

Sac Fungi - Ascomycota- colorful molds, dutch elm disease, apple scab, morels, truffles, yeast, and cup fungi

- Ascus – reproductive structure in sac fungus

- spore producing sac- sexual reproduction

Club Fungi- Basidiomycota

- mushrooms, puffballs, brackets, rusts and smuts, toadstools

- Basidia

- spore producing structures- gills, cap, stipe

- only sexual reproduction

Imperfect Fungi

Asexual reproduction onlyExamples:Penicillium – Aspergillus – used to

make soy sauce and citric acid

– Thrush – fungal infection of mouth

Importance of Fungi

1. Decomposers- recycle dead materials along with bacteria

2. Penicillin – antibiotic3. rich in vitamin C 4. Food source-5. Pest control – create competition, parasite to insects that eat crops