Chapter 23

The term evolution is used to describe

A. heritable changes in characteristics of a population from one generation to the next.

B. any change in an individual that can be observed.

C. changes in the number of individuals in a population due to mating.

D. the ability of an individual organism to pass on what it has learned, through experience, to the next generation. herit

able change

s in ch

ar...

any change in

an indivi

du..

change

s in th

e number of..

.

the abilit

y of a

n individua...

100%

0%0%0%

Evolution, viewed on a small scale, as it relates to changes in a single gene or allele frequency in a

population over time, is called

A. macroevolution.B. speciation.C. genetic evolution.D. phenotypic

evolution.E. microevolution.

macroevolution.

specia

tion.

genetic evolution.

phenotypic

evolution.

microevolution.

0% 0%

56%

6%

38%

The concept of a species was proposed by

A. Charles Darwin.B. John Ray.C. Carolus Linneaus.D. Erasmus Darwin.E. George Cuvier.

Charles D

arwin.

John Ray.

Carolus L

inneaus.

Erasmus D

arwin.

George Cuvie

r.

19%

25%

13%

0%

44%

Peter and Rosemary Grant study natural selection in finches on the Galápagos Islands. They have hypothesized that dry condition produce larger seeds and may result in larger beaks in succeeding generations

of finches. The figure below shows their data from 1976 and 1987. The y-axis is the number of birds measured and the x-axis is the beak

depth. Does their data support their hypothesis and why?

A. yes; because there were more birds measured in 1978 after the drought, therefore they must have been able to get food and reproduce.

B. yes; because the average beak depth of birds in the population increased from 8.8mm in 1976 to 9.8mm in 1978.

C. no; because even though more birds were measured in 1978, the beak size of the upper range was smaller.

D. no; because in 1976, before the drought, the largest beak depth was still 11.3mm.

yes; beca

use th

ere w

ere...

yes; beca

use th

e avera

g...

no; beca

use even th

oug...

no; beca

use in

1976, bef..

.

0% 0%

44%

56%

Which of the following could be classified as a "transitional form" fossil?

A. Hyracotherium, the first fossil of a horse that was found 55 mya.

B. An early amphibian tetrapod from 360 mya.C. A clam shell laying at the bottom of the ocean.D. A fossil that has all of the ancestors traits and

none of the present day animals traits.

Hyracoth

erium, th

e first ...

An early amphibian te

tr...

A clam sh

ell layin

g at t

he...

A fossi

l that h

as all o

f th...

47%

13%13%

27%

Participant LeadersPoints Participant Points Participant4 darth maul 3 professor x4 k1ng 3 wong3 29 2 ChadSwagHake3 Biggie Smalls 2 boob3 comethru 2 turdley3 ilovemaryjane 1 lookbehined you3 kiki3 lauren3 mccringleberry3 naww

An important message from the work of Thomas Malthus that influenced Charles Darwin was

A. animals tended toward "human perfection.“B. only a fraction of any population will survive

and reproduce.C. population size of humans can.D. inheritance of acquired characteristics.

animals

tended to

ward ...

only a frac

tion of any po...

population size

of human...

inheritance

of acq

uired ...

36%

7%0%

57%

Did Darwin develop his theory of evolution through experimentation or observation or

other methods?

A. Experimentation.B. Observation.C. Both experimentation and observation because

he collected samples but also worked experimentally with finches.

D. Mathematical analysis of experimental data.Exp

erimenta

tion.

Observa

tion.

Both experim

entation an...

Math

ematical a

nalysis

of...

0% 0%

44%

56%

The result of natural selection is

A. extinction.B. catastrophism.C. adaptation.D. synthesis.

extincti

on.

catastr

ophism.

adaptation.

synth

esis.

13%

0%

81%

6%

The Modern Synthesis of evolution is based on

A. observations of the formation of new species.B. Darwin's ideas and modern concepts of

genetics.C. experimental studies of populations

performed by Darwin.D. recent concepts of adaptation and

reproduction.obse

rvations of t

he form

...

Darwin's

ideas and m

ode..

experim

ental s

tudies o

f ...

rece

nt conce

pts of a

dapt...

0%

31%

0%

69%

Some major changes that occurred in horse body size, foot anatomy and tooth morphology are hypothesized

to be due to natural selection because of ...

A. changes in global climates which resulted in changing environments from forest to grasslands.

B. changes in global climates which resulted in changing environments from grasslands to forests.

C. changing climates from dry to wet.D. changing climates from wet to dry.

change

s in global c

limat..

change

s in global c

limat..

changin

g clim

ates f

rom d..

changin

g clim

ates f

rom w

..

81%

13%6%

0%

Participant LeadersPoints Participant Points Participant9 darth maul 6 ilovemaryjane8 k1ng 5 297 boob 5 ChadSwagHake7 kiki 5 wong7 lauren 4 comethru7 mccringleberry 2 lookbehined you7 naww7 professor x7 turdley6 Biggie Smalls

A species that is naturally found only in a particular location is called

A. extinct.B. endemic.C. extinct due to the action of humans.D. exotic.E. transitional.

extinct.

endemic.

extinct

due to th

e action ..

exotic.

transiti

onal.

0%

50%

0%

50%

0%

When Darwin observed several species of finches on the Galápagos Islands had unique beak characteristics, he compared them with finch beaks on the mainland. Which of the following studies use geographic distribution of extinct and living species

to determine patterns of evolution?

A. Biology.B. Geology.C. Palentology.D. Geneology.E. Biogeography.

Biology.

Geology.

Palento

logy.

Geneology.

Biogeogra

phy.

0% 0%

44%

50%

6%

Cacti in the deserts of southwestern North America and some euphorbs of the deserts of Africa, have barrel-shaped stems, short-

lived leaves, and spines, yet these two types of plants are from

different evolutionary lineages. This is an example of

A. selective breeding.B. transitional forms.C. homologous traits.D. convergent evolution.

selecti

ve bre

eding.

transiti

onal form

s.

homologous traits

.

conve

rgent evo

lution.

6%

50%

31%

13%

The long snout of the giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, of South America, and the echidna,

Tachyglossus aculeatus, of Australia, are animals of different evolutionary lineages that are both adapted to

eating ants. This is an example of

A. selective breeding.B. anatomical homology.C. analogous traits.D. artificial selection.E. Both analogous traits and

artificial selection are correct.selecti

ve bre

eding.

anatomica

l homology.

analogous t

raits

.

artificia

l selecti

on.

Both analogous t

raits an

...

0%

20%

33%

20%

27%

Selective breeding results from programs designed to modify traits in domesticated

species.

A. TrueB. False

True

False

6%

94%

Participant LeadersPoints Participant Points Participant13 darth maul 8 ChadSwagHake12 mccringleberry 8 boob11 k1ng 7 comethru10 lauren 7 wong10 naww 6 2910 turdley 3 lookbehined you9 Biggie Smalls9 ilovemaryjane9 kiki9 professor x

English ivy (Hedera helix) and wintercreeper (Euonymus fortunei) both have aerial rootlets that allow them to climb up and stick to bark on trees. As you can tell from their scientific name these plants are not

closely related, but yet they have both evolved similar morphological structures used for the same purpose. What type of evolution is this?

A. Analogous.B. Convergent.C. Radial.D. Bivalent.E. Both analogous and convergent.

Analogous.

Converg

ent.

Radial.

Bivalent.

Both analogous a

nd con...

50%

0%

44%

6%0%

You are all excited because you just purchased a male guppy that has red, blue and green colors on its fins and tail. Your guppies at home do

not have this combination of colors. You place the new male in with three females for mating purposes. After three weeks you have many new baby guppies and most of them have the new color combination.

This is an example of which type of selection?

A. Natural.B. Environmental.C. Analogous.D. Convergent.E. Artificial.

Natural.

Environmenta

l.

Analogous.

Converg

ent.

Artificia

l.

6% 6%

88%

0%0%

The underlying phenomenon that makes selective breeding or artificial selection possible is genetic

variation. It is possible to have phenotypic variation in natural populations because of.

A. artificial selection.B. gene inversion.C. differences in alleles for a specific trait.D. similarity in alleles for a specific trait.E. both artificial selection and gene inversion.

artificia

l selecti

on.

gene inversi

on.

difference

s in alle

les for .

..

simila

rity in

alleles f

or a ...

both arti

ficial se

lection a.

.

0%

19%13%

0%

69%

Fundamental similarity due to descent from a common ancestor is called

A. homology.B. analogy.C. commonality.D. convergence.E. analogy and

convergence are correct.

homology.

analogy.

commonali

ty.

conve

rgence.

analogy and co

nvergence...

69%

13%

0%6%

13%

When observing the skeleton of a snake, you see the remains of hip and hind leg bones associated

with four legged animals. These bones are called ...

A. convergent traits.B. analogous structures.C. vestigial structures.D. homologous structures.E. both homologous and analogous

structures.co

nvergent t

raits

.

analogous s

tructu

res.

vestigia

l stru

cture

s.

homologous stru

cture

s.

both homologous a

nd an...

6%

19%

0%

13%

63%

Winner…Points Participant Points Participant17 darth maul 12 professor x15 mccringleberry 11 boob14 k1ng 9 comethru14 turdley 9 wong13 lauren 7 2912 Biggie Smalls 6 lookbehined you12 ChadSwagHake12 ilovemaryjane12 kiki12 naww