CHAPTER 26 – SECTION 1:ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
vs.
What is the Cold War? Intense political conflict Military tensions and competition
around the globeNuclear arms buildup: the “bomb”
Increased economic competitionCapitalism vs. Communism
No direct fighting on a battlefield Rise of “superpowers”
vs.
vs.
Why did the Cold War start? USSR and USA have different ideas
about what the world should be like, both economically and politically
USA wants:Spread of democracy and capitalismWorldwide trade and global markets Rebuilding of EuropeFree exchange of ideasFreedom of expression around the globe
The American Dream!
Why did the Cold War start? USSR wants:
Secure the borders to prevent another invasion
Spread of Communism and the associated ideology around the globe
Desires to install their own governments in countries in order to control them
Wants to crush all opposition to the Communist Part○ Killing of countless people for speaking
out
Why did the Cold War start? Roots of the Cold War are planted
during WWII Soviet Union starts to become
suspicious of western powers Stalin angry with how United States
handled some key issuesThought we took too long to invade
EuropeKeeping the development of the
atomic bomb so secret
Why did the Cold War start? Post World War II Climate – A Quick
SynopsisWestern Europe is in shamblesTruman is now presidentStalin promises free elections in Poland
and Eastern EuropeConquered Germany needs a new
government
What Happens Next? United Nations is formed in April of
1945Designed to be a peacekeeping
organizationFifty countries form the UN in 1945
The War in Europe is over: Someone has to pay
The Potsdam ConferenceJuly of 1945Stalin wants reparations for his lossesReparations will come from occupation
zones
What Happens Next? Eastern Europe is important to both
sidesRaw materials and resources
Stalin had promised free elections at YaltaDoes not happen
Soviet Union installs friendly governmentsCome to be known as satellite nations
Stalin now sees our systems as incompatible War inevitable
What is the Western Response? George Kennan and the Long
TelegramPolicy of containmentExplained some Soviet viewpoints
Containment is preventing the expand of Communism beyond its current bordersOur job is to protect countries from
Communism End up losing Eastern Europe to
communismPrevent the spread in other parts of
the world
What is the Western Response? Churchill goes to Westminster
He was there to receive an honorary degree○ “…From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste
in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.”
○ Was referring to the division that became apparent
○ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8_wQ-5uxV4
What is the Western Response? Truman saw economic aid as the first
line of defense Britain had been providing aid to
countriesRan out of money
Truman asks for $400 million$3.9 billion today
Truman seeks a policy to support “free peoples”
This will become the Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine Aiding people who try to overthrow
pro-communist governments Notes conflict with Soviet Union Rejects accommodation with Soviet
Union Avoids direct confrontation with
Soviet Union Reflects our missionary aspect of
foreign policy Covert operations through the CIA
Early Usage of the CIA Covert operations to prevent the spread
of communism Covert ops in 48 countries in the first ten
years of it’s existence Tim Weiner’s Legacy of Ashes
Incredible history of the CIA from its inceptionTakes you on a roller coaster rideContains lots of recently declassified
informationAlmost reads like a thriller
“Protector of Freedom and Capitalism”
Economic Recovery Plan Also called the Marshall Plan Aid Europe in rebuilding infrastructure Europe asks for $22 billion
We give $14 billion to 17 nations Guess What? It works
Communism falls from favor Europe flourishes
In 1952 the ECSC is formedIn 1958 the ECM is foundedThese organizations lay the groundwork for the
EU
Other forms of Aid World Bank is founded in 1945
Develops transportation, health care, and education in poor and developing countries
Does this through loans International Monetary Fund is
founded in 1945Promotes exchange rates and
monetary policyOffers loans (with certain conditions)
to poorer countries
Struggle for power in Germany In 1948, the Allies sought the unification
of GermanyUnified Germany is stronger for Europe and
World Soviets want a fractured Germany
Fractured Germany is weak Allies seek to unify their zones of
occupationNo agreement was signed Stalin sees a loopholeBerlin Blockade starts
The Berlin Airlift Airlift starts in June of 1948 Nearly 5000 tons of supplies daily Crews drop candy and presents from
their planes In 327 days, USA and G.B.:
277,000 flights2.3 million tons of supplies
We were bringing more by plane than rail
Airlift ends in May of 1949
Split into East and West Germany Federal Republic of
Germany in May of 1949Bundesrepublik
DeutschlandWest Germany
Few months later the German Democratic RepublicDeutsche
Demokratische Republik
East Germany
Formation of NATO Berlin Blockade scared Europe Need a way to defend ourselves North Atlantic Charter is signed which
forms NATOApril 4th, 1949
Ended hopes of isolationism Big shift in foreign policy for United
States Greece and Turkey join in 1952 West Germany joins in 1955
Evolution of the United States Armed Forces Strategy was no longer a
conventional military Put all of our focus into the “bomb” Size of the military shrank
drasticallyFrom 10 million troops to 2 million
Air Force is created to deliver the bomb
We needed a new bomber to deliver the bomb to the Soviet Union
Development of a New Bomber Development of the
B-52 Went ahead with
the B-36Propeller based plane Jet AgeBecame obsolete
very quickly Charges of wasteful
spending from other departments