Chapter Chapter 2828 New New

Zealand Zealand EconomyEconomy

Contents

Section I An Introduction

Section II Primary Industries

Section III Minerals & Energy Industry

Section IV Secondary Industries

Section V Tertiary Industries

Section I An Introduction

New Zealand has a New Zealand has a market economy with market economy with sizeable manufacturing sizeable manufacturing and service sectors and service sectors complementing a complementing a highly efficient highly efficient export-export-oriented agricultureoriented agriculture sector.sector.

The country underwent radical economic restructuring

In the 1980s and 1990s

Over the past 80 years

Over thepast 20 years

A substantial reduction on the share of agriculture in GDP

An uneven expansion of the service sector

Over 2002to 2004

Over 2006 Over 2007

CPI inflation increased to 4.0% (June), 3.5% (Sep), 2.6% (Dec)

Growth in GDP in the range of 3.5% to 4.5%

the annual current account deficit 9.1% of GDP

back

A large proportion of the risks A large proportion of the risks

and uncertainties concerning the and uncertainties concerning the

outlook for the New Zealand outlook for the New Zealand

economy revolve around economy revolve around

domestic or New Zealand-domestic or New Zealand-

specific factors.specific factors.

Section II Primary Industries

Primary industries Primary industries

generate much of NZ’ s generate much of NZ’ s

wealth. Agriculture, wealth. Agriculture,

horticulture, forestry and horticulture, forestry and

fishery account for over fishery account for over

60% of exports.60% of exports.

Fishery

Forest

Agriculture and Horticulture

Primary Industries

• NZ is known as the world’s largest farm, agriculture accounts for 4.6% of GDP, horticulture crops have become increasing important.

• Dairy, sheep, beef cattle, deer, goats, pigs, poultry, bee-keeping, apple and kiwifruit

• Heavily forested, a quarter as conservation areas.

• Radiate pine, Douglas fir

• Vital to NZ’ s life, a long coastline and EEZ of 3.1million

• Squid, tuna, green-lipped mussels, mackerel, rock lobster and abalone

Section III Secondary Industries

Manufacturing Energy &

Minerals

SecondaryIndustries

Manufacturing• Make an important contribution to the

national economy;• The largest sub-sectors are food,

beverages and tobacco, machinery and equipment;

• Building new homes is significant, residential construction is 60%;

• CER and NAFTA.

Energy and Minerals

• Has significant natural energy resources, with good reserves of coal, natural gas and oil, extensive geothermal fields;

• After 1973, oil and gas exploration was increased and energy conservation programs developed and promoted.

Section IV Tertiary Industries

Transport & Communication

Tourism

Trade

By air

17% of exports by value, Auckland

Negative aspect:

a rapid increase in unemployme

nt

1

Important;99% of exports;Auckland

Shipping

TransportTransport

1

No longer the central role; the major haulers of long-distance freight

RailwayCar

The most popular form; 73% of NZers drove to work.

Television

Crown-owned TV1 and TV2

Negative aspect:

a rapid increase in unemployme

nt

1

A great range of private stations

Radio

CommunicationCommunication

1

Thriving

ICTTelephone

>95%;half have mobile phone & access to the internet

TourisTourism m

Plays a significant role 4.8% of GDP

Gorgeous beaches, spectacular geothermal, volcanic activity

World-leading museums, groomed ski slopes

The America’s Cup yachting competition, the locally made movie The Lord of the Rings

Exporting: Horticulture: cut flowers, kiwifruit, apples,

vegetables, wines The old standbys: wool, butter and cheese The manufacturing: whiteware (fridges and

dishwashers), electric fences, newsprint and furnitureImporting: meat and dairy productsExport destinations:

Australia, America, Japan, China, Britain

Trade Trade

ExercisesExercisesI. Fill in the blanks with proper words or

expressions.II. Translate the following terms into

Chinese.III. Explaining the following in

English.

I. Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.

1. New Zealand has a ________ economy with sizeable ______________ and service sectors complementing a highly efficient export-oriented ___________ sector.

2. Primary industries generate much of New Zealand’s wealth. ___________, ___________, _______ and _______ account for over 60% of exports.

3. The changing makeup pastoral based production over the past two decades reflects the relative returns of different farming types. ______, _____, __________, _____, goats, pigs poultry, and bee are the most important forms of farming.

marketmarketmanufacturingmanufacturing

agriculturalagricultural

AgricultureAgriculture horticulturehorticulture forestryforestryfisheryfishery

DairyDairy sheepsheep beef cattlebeef cattledeerdeer

4. Grains are primary grown for the domestic market, with ______ and ______ leading. The major fruit grown commercially are ______, _________, grapes and avocados.

5. New Zealand is heavily forested. Indigenous forests cover a quarter of the country, and most are protected as ____________ areas.

6. New Zealand has a long coastline and has an __________________________ (EEZ) of 3.1 million nautical square kilometers supporting a wide variety of inshore fish, some large deep-water fin fish, squid and tuna.

wheatwheat barleybarleyapplesapples kiwifruitkiwifruit

conversationconversation

Exclusive Economic ZoneExclusive Economic Zone

7. The largest sub-sectors in manufacturing were _____, beverages and _______, followed by ___________ and equipment.

8. New Zealand has significant natural energy resources, with good reserves of ____, __________, ___, extensive geothermal fields.

9. A geography and climate in New Zealand have supported substantial _____________ development.

10. Now tourism is the leading industry in the ________ development of New Zealand.

tobaccotobaccomachinerymachinery

coalcoal natural gasnatural gasoiloil

hydro-electrichydro-electric

sustainablesustainable

foodfood

II. Translate the following terms into Chinese.

1. gross domestic product (GDP)

2. consumer price index (CIP)

3. plantation forests

4. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

5. Quota Management System

6. renewable resources

7. tertiary industries

国内生产总值国内生产总值消费者价格指数消费者价格指数

配额管理体系 配额管理体系 可再生资源可再生资源

第三产业 第三产业

种植林种植林专属经济区专属经济区

III. Explaining the following in English.

1. Primary Industries The primary sector of the economy involves

changing natural resources into primary products. Most products from this sector are considered raw materials for other industries. Major businesses in this sector include agriculture, agribusiness, fishing, forestry and all mining and quarrying industries.

2. Secondary Industries This sector generally takes the output of the

primary sector and manufactures finished goods or where they are suitable for use by other businesses, for export, or sale to domestic consumers. This sector is often divided into light industry and heavy industry.

3. Kiwifruit The kiwifruit, often shortened to kiwi in many

parts of the world, is the edible berry. It has a fibrous, dull brown-green skin and bright green or golden flesh with rows of tiny, black, edible seeds. The fruit has a soft texture and a unique flavor, and today is a commercial crop in several countries, mainly in Italy, New Zealand and Chile.

4. Tertiary Industries The tertiary sector of the economy (also known as the service sector or the service industry) consists of the "soft" parts of the economy, i.e. activities where people offer their knowledge and time to improve productivity, performance, potential, and sustainability. The basic characteristic of this sector is the production of services instead of end products.

5. Transport Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air pollution and use large amounts of land.

6. fishery A fishery is an entity engaged in raising

and/or harvesting fish. A fishery may involve the

capture of wild fish or raising fish through fish

farming or aquaculture. Directly or indirectly, the

livelihood of over 500 million people in developing

countries depends on fisheries and aquaculture.

III.III. Questions for discussionQuestions for discussion

1. How agriculture industries in New Zealand are classified?

2. How industries in New Zealand are classified?

3. What are the two agreements signed by New Zealand and Australia to facilitate their economic relationships?

4. What role does tourism play in New Zealand’ s economy?

5. Who are the major trading partners of New Zealand?