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C H A P T E R 2 9
THE GREAT WAR1914-1918
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
SECTION 1MARCHING TOWARD WAR
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
RISING TENSIONS
• The 1800s was a period where most Europeans sought peace• Below the surface, the story was
very different
• Countries began to embrace ideas that made war inevitable• Rise of Nationalism• Imperialism• Militarism – celebrated
strength and preparation for war• Needed to protect colonies
• Alliances
MAIN CAUSES OF WWI
MilitarismAlliancesImperialismNationalism
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
TANGLING ALLIANCES
• Result of growing rivalries• Initially meant to maintain peace
• In an attempt to isolate France, Bismarck (Germany) created the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Russia in 1881
• When Kaiser Wilhelm II takes back power in 1890 and makes 2 big mistakes• Lets Russia slip away• Begins building a navy to rival
Britain
• Britain, Russia, and France will join the Triple Entente in 1907
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
CRISIS IN THE BALKANS
• Known as the “powder keg” of Europe, the Balkans were filled with ethnic diversity• Nowhere was the
situation more on the brink than Serbia vs Austria on the issue of Bosnia• Bosnia was culturally more
like Serbia but Austria had annexed them
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
ASSASSINATION
• On 6/28/1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austrian throne) and wife in Sarajevo, Bosnia• Austria used this as an
excuse for war with Serbia, an ally of Russia
• Despite pleading from the rest of Europe, the war had started
AND NOW…
•Turn in your Imperialism Projects (if you have not already done so)•Finish your Chapter 29 Crossword•DUE TOMORROW @ the beginning of class
•Begin working on “The Great War” Project
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
WARMUP # 21.1 (29.1)
1. What is the policy that glorifies military power and keeps an army prepared for war?
2. What region is known as the “powder keg” of Europe?
3. Why did imperialism lead to militarism?
4. What event ignited The Great War?
1. Militarism2. Balkans3. Parent countries
needed to protect their empires
4. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
SECTION 2EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
THE GREAT WAR BEGINS
• Austria’s declaration on Serbia set off a chain reaction• Russia moves troops to
Austrian border AND German border• Germany declares war
on Russia• 2 days later, they declare
war on France also
• Britain declares war on Germany
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
TAKING SIDES
• By 1914, there were 2 clear sides• Central Powers –
Germany and Austria-Hungary (Bulgaria and the Ottomans join later)• Allied Powers –
Britain, France, and Russia (Japan and Italy later)
• Few realized how long the war would last
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
WESTERN FRONT
• The war quickly stalled on the French border (western front)• Germany’s strategy
(Shlieffen Plan) required quickly defeating France and then taking on Russia• Initially successful, it
stalled when the German’s reached Paris (Battle of the Marne)
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
TRENCH WARFARE
• While in France, Germany was attacked by Russia in the east• Soldiers began digging
trenches for protection• Led to huge losses with no
progress• Battle of Verdun – 300,000
deaths and virtually no change
• New technology (machine guns, poison, tanks, large artillery) led to more deaths
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
EASTERN FRONT
• Russia/Germany border• More mobile than the
West, they still failed to make progress (stalemate)
• Russia lacked most resources because of their failure to industrialize• food, weapons, clothes, and
blankets were in short supply
• Population was their only strength
AND NOW…
•Begin working on “The Great War” Project
GREAT WAR PROJECT: PROPAGANDA
• 2 pieces (recreation = copied)• Must have one from the allies and one from the
central powers
GREAT WAR PROJECT: RATIONS
• Another recreation
GREAT WAR PROJECT: TECHNOLOGY
• Find 5 new military technologies• Put together a PowerPoint (1 slide per tech) with a
picture and a description of how it changed the war
GREAT WAR PROJECT: MAPS
• Need a before and an after for how European territories changed after WWI
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
WARM-UP #21.2 (29.2)
5. The Schlieffen plan called for a quick attack on ____ and then on ____.
6. Why were Germany and Austria-Hungary known as the Central Powers?
7. What style of fighting was developed to protect soldiers on the front line from gunfire?
8. What battle serves as an example of the horrid nature of #7?
5.France; Russia6.Their location
in central Europe
7.Trench Warfare8.Battle of
Verdun
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
SECTION 3A GLOBAL CONFLICT
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
EFFECTS ON THE WORLD
• The Great War quickly involved all reaches of the globe• In Africa, the Allies
capture 3/4 of the German colonies• In Asia, the Japanese
quickly German outposts in China and captured the island colonies
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
AMERICA JOINS IN
• The German use of unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic angered Americans• Lusitania in 1915
• Germany announced this policy in 1917.
• This, along with the Zimmermann note, forced the US to declare war• The Zimmermann note sought
Mexico’s support in exchange for the territory they had lost to the US
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
AFFECTS AT HOME
• After 3 years of fighting, more people had died than in the wars for the previous 300 years• The war quickly began to
affect people at home, becoming a total war (nations devote all of their resources toward the war)• Nations quickly became
military dictatorships
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
TOTAL WAR
• Factories were converted to make war materials• Everybody worked
(including women)
• Rationing was used to keep the soldiers supplied• Censorship limited
antiwar activities• Governments used
propaganda to keep the war “popular”
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
THE ALLIES WIN
• US entrance gave the Allies the advantage
• Revolution in Russia led to a Russia-Germany treaty that allowed Germany to devote resources to the West• 2nd Battle of Marne (1918) was
won by the Allies because of “fresh” US troops
• Lack of supplies led the Central Powers to crumble
• In Nov 1918, an armistice was signed
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
LEGACY OF WAR
• Life - Soldiers and civilians had died by the millions• Economic – drained the treasuries and destroyed farmland• Social – disillusionment
about life changed art and literature• Future Security – Treaty
of Versailles
Rank Death Toll Event Dates1 55,000,000 Second World War 1937/39-19452 40,000,000 China: Mao Zedong's) 1949-763 20,000,000 USSR: Stalin's regime 1924-534 15,000,000 First World War 1914-18
AND NOW…
•Begin working on “The Great War” Project•WWI rations posters•WWI propaganda posters•WWI before and after map Europe•WWI military technology
•Vocab Quiz tomorrow
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
WARM-UP #21.3 (29.3)
9. Which country was most responsible for bringing the US into WWI?
10.What is the name for a war in which countries devote all of their resources to the war effort?
11.What term refers to the German policy to sink any ship in British waters without warning?
9. Germany10.Total War11.Unrestricted
submarine warfare
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
SECTION 4A FLAWED PEACE
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
THE ALLIES MEET
• Big Four met in Jan 1919 at the Palace of Versailles• US – Woodrow Wilson• France – Clemenceau• Britain – George• Italy – Orlando
• Not in attendance• Russia – Civil war• Germany and their
allies
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
WILSON’S PLAN
• Consisted of Fourteen Points to achieve a lasting peace• Ended secret treaties• Freedom of the seas• Free trade• Smaller armies• End colonialism (or at
least make it “more fair”)• Border changes (self-
determination)• An association of nations
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
• Britain and France paid little attention to Wilson’s plan• They wanted revenge
• The treaty, signed in June 1919, punished Germany• Lost land, limited military,
“guilt clause” put reparation 100% on them
• Did embrace Wilson’s fourteenth point (League of Nations)
Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29
PROBLEMS WITH THE TREATY
• Left a legacy of bitterness and hatred• Each of the central
powers lost land• New countries were
created in Europe• Mandates were created in
the rest of the world
• Even allies were angry• Russia lost land, Japan
and Italy gained little, America became isolationist
AND NOW…
•Vocab Quiz today•Begin working on “The Great War” Project•WWI rations posters•WWI propaganda posters•WWI before and after map Europe•WWI military technology
•Chapter 30 Vocab Crossword