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of 21
8/14/2019 Chapter 2b Single
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Continuing Gross Topography
8/14/2019 Chapter 2b Single
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Fornix C-shaped fiber bundle
Connects temporal
lobe (hippocampalformation) with
mamillary bodies
Hippocampal formation memory, spatial navigation, part of limbic system
8/14/2019 Chapter 2b Single
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TH
HT
Diencephalon
Thalamus (TH) Centre of forebrain
Junction-box for sensoryinformation
Hypothalamus (HT) Widespread connections
including to pituitary gland
Part of limbic system, withrole in motivated behaviors
Produces hormones for the
endocrine system
Separated from Thalamus byHypothalamic Sulcus
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(Taken from Kalet, 2007)
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Cingulate Gyrus Limbic system
Calcarine Sulcus Site of Primary visual
area
Divides Occ. Lobe into Dorsal cuneus gyrus
Ventral lingual gyrus
Cingulate Sulcus
Pericallosal
Sulcus
CG
8/14/2019 Chapter 2b Single
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Limbic System
8/14/2019 Chapter 2b Single
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Parahippocampal Gyrus
(PHG)
Part of limbic system
Spatial memory
Fusiform Gyrus (FG)
Separated from PHG by
collateral sulcus Houses the Face area
CG
UPHG
FG
8/14/2019 Chapter 2b Single
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Diencephalon
Midbrain
PonsMedulla
Cerebellum
8/14/2019 Chapter 2b Single
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Cerebellum
Diencephalon
8/14/2019 Chapter 2b Single
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Cranial Nerves
On Old Olympus Towering Top A FamousVocal German Viewed Some Hops
Each letter is the start of a cranial nerve name
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother
Says Big Brains Matter Most
Cranial nerves can be Sensory, Motor, orBoth
8/14/2019 Chapter 2b Single
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On Old Olympus
Olfactory - Sensorysmell
Optic - Sensory
vision
Oculomotor - Motor
eye movement
pupil dilation
8/14/2019 Chapter 2b Single
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Towering Top
Trochlear - Motoreye movement
Trigeminal - Both
somatosensory face/head
chewing
8/14/2019 Chapter 2b Single
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A Famous Vocal
Abducens - Motor eye movement
Facial - Both
Taste (front 2/3 of tongue) Somatosensory from ear
Facial expression muscles
Vestibulocochlear - Sensory Hearing
Balance
8/14/2019 Chapter 2b Single
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German Viewed
Glossopharyngeal - BothTaste (posterior 1/3 of tongue)
Somatosensory from tongue, pharynx
Some swallowing muscles
Vagus - Both
Sensory/motor/autonomic functions of viscera(internal organs: glands, GI tract, heart, etc)
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Some Hops
Spinal Accessory - MotorMuscles for head movements
Hypoglossal - Motor
Muscles of tongue
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Result of damage?
Olfactory Structures
Olfactory Bulb
Olfactory Tract
Optic Structures
Optic Nerve
Optic chiasm
Oculomotor Nerve
Aneurysm = oculomotornerve palsy
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Face
Trigeminal nerve (Vcranial nerve; sensory -ophthalmic, maxillary andmandibular regions,motor - mandibular )
Facial Nerve (VII cranial;face muscles & taste)
Hearing
Cochleovestibular nerve
Tumor in acousticneuromas = hearing loss
8/14/2019 Chapter 2b Single
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Blood Supply to the Brain Circle of Willis
Components Anterior Communicating
Artery
Anterior cerebral Artery (L& R)
Internal carotid
Posterior CommunicatingArtery (L & R)
Posterior Cerebral Artery
(L & R) creates redundancies in
the cerebral circulation. If an artery in or supplying
the Circle of Willis
becomes stenosed orblocked, blood flow can bemaintained
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T2-weighted MRIenhances contrast High fat content =
black
High H2O content =
white => white matter
less intense than
grey matter Clear contract
between CSF andbrain structures.
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Alzheimers Disease Incidence:
1/10 people over 65 Almost over 85
Presentation: "I have lost myself.
Impairment of memory, confusion,
depression, delusions, sleeplessness Degenerative
Genetic markers for early and late-onset have been identified 1 inchromosome 21
Biochemical causes: Tau tangles- degenerating cell
bodies
Amyloid- plaques degeneratingaxons and dendrites
Treatment stimulate acetylcholinewhich offsets basal forebrain damage