Biology 12 Name: Cell Biology Per: Date: Chapter 3 – Cell Structures & Functions Complete using BC Biology 12, pages 62 - 107 3.1 The Cellular Level of Organization pages 66 - 67 1. The macromolecules, such as carbohydrates and nucleic acids, discussed in the last chapter are not alive, yet the cell is alive. The cell is the (a) and (b) unit of an organism. It is the smallest unit capable of performing all the functions necessary for (c) 2. History of microscopy: name the scientist that made the following contributions to cell biology 3. The cell theory is a basic theory of biology which states 4. Complete the following table. Cube side length Surface Area (6s 2 ) Volume (l x w x h) SA:V Ratio 1 cm 2 cm 3 cm 4 cm 5. Using the information from the table above, explain why humans are made up of trillions of small cells instead of just big one. 1 2 3 4 5 Across 3. Concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells. 5. Made some of the earliest microscopes. Down 1. Stated that plants are composed of cells. 2. Stated that animals are made up of living units called cells. 4. First used the term "cell" to refer to the honeycomb structure of cork observed in the microscope.
Transcript
Biology 12 Name:
Cell Biology Per: Date:
Chapter 3 – Cell Structures & Functions Complete using BC Biology 12, pages 62 - 107
3.1 The Cellular Level of Organization pages 66 - 67
1. The macromolecules, such as carbohydrates and nucleic acids, discussed in the last chapter are not alive, yet the cell is alive. The cell is the (a) and (b) unit of an organism. It is the smallest unit capable of performing all the functions necessary for (c)
2. History of microscopy: name the scientist that made the following contributions to cell biology
3. The cell theory is a basic theory of biology which states
4. Complete the following table.
Cube side length Surface Area (6s2) Volume (l x w x h) SA:V Ratio
1 cm
2 cm
3 cm
4 cm
5. Using the information from the table above, explain why humans are made up of trillions of small cells instead
of just big one.
1
2
3
4
5
Across
3. Concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells. 5. Made some of the earliest microscopes. Down
1. Stated that plants are composed of cells. 2. Stated that animals are made up of living units called cells. 4. First used the term "cell" to refer to the honeycomb
structure of cork observed in the microscope.
6. Why are there some cells that are much larger, even visible to the human eye, such as a
chicken egg?
7. Give an example of a modification utilized by cells that specialize in absorption.
3.2 Eukaryotic Cells pages 67 - 77
8. All cells are surrounded by a (a) consisting of a (b) embedded with (c) molecules.
9. Describe the composition of cytoplasm. 10. Define organelle:
11. Identify the organelles on the following diagram. Use Figure 3.3 on page 70 to help.
12. Match the functions of the organelles to their correct descriptions. cytoskeleton A. cellular respiration (production of energy)
Golgi apparatus B. shape of cell and movement of its parts
mitochondria C. lipid synthesis, tasks vary depending on type of cell
nucleus D. regulates molecule passage into and out of cells
peroxisomes E. storage of substances
plasma membrane F. folding, modification, and transport of proteins
ribosomes G. processing, packaging and distribution of proteins and lipids
rough endoplasmic reticulum H. various metabolic tasks
smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. protein synthesis
vacuoles and vesicles J. storage of genetic information; synthesis of DNA and RNAhe
Cytoskeleton pages 77 - 80
13. Briefly describe the specific parts of the nucleus
chromatin:
chromosomes:
nucleoplasm:
nucleolus:
nuclear envelope:
nuclear pores:
14. Where in the cell are ribosomes found?
15. The endomembrane system consists of the:
16. How does the Golgi apparatus known whether the proteins made at the rough ER belong inside the cell or are
to be transported out of the cell?
17. Name three functions of lysosomes.
18. Use Figure 3.7 on page 74 to identify the missing labels in the diagram below.
19. Where in the body do we have cells that contain high numbers of peroxisomes?
20. Contrast animal and plant cells (based on organelles or specific organelle functions).
Unique to animal cells
i.
ii.
iii.
Unique to plant cells
i.
ii.
iii.
21. Plants have (a) which use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates by
the process of (b). This process is described by the equation:
22. Label the chloroplast below with the terms: grana, stroma, and thylakoid
23. Many organisms carry on (a) which is performed within the (b). This process can be represented by the equation:
24. Label the mitochondrion below with the terms: matrix and cristae
25. Compare the chloroplast and the mitochondria in the following table.
Chloroplast Mitochondria A. Organelle with a double membrane
B. Converts solar energy into carbohydrates
C. Converts carbohydrates into ATP
D. Found in plant cells
E. Found in animal cells
F. Smaller of the two organelles
G. Contain a single circular DNA molecule and ribosomes
H. Divide by splitting in two (similar to how bacteria reproduce)
I. Thought to play a role in aging
J. All come from the female parent
3.3 The Cytoskeleton pages 77 - 80
26. The cytoskeleton is often compared with the (a) and (b) of an animal. However, the cytoskeleton is (c), especially because its protein components can (d) as needed.
27. The cytoskeleton contains three types of proteins. Identify them in the image below.
28. Compare the functions of each of the cytoskeleton components.
Actin filaments (microfilaments):
i. Interact with motor molecules
Intermediate filaments:
Microtubules:
i. Interact with and motor molecules 29. What is the importance of the centrosome to cells?
30. Complete the table below. Use Figures 3.13 and 3.14 to help.
Centrioles Cilia & Flagella
Microtubule pattern
Cross-section drawing (make sure it is accurate)
Function
3.4 Plasma Membrane Structure & Function pages 81 - 82
31. Draw a basic cross section of a portion of a plasma membrane. Label the following items: A. carbohydrate chain B. cholesterol C. glycolipid
D. glycoprotein E. hydrophilic head F. hydrophobic tail
G. integral protein H. peripheral protein I. phospholipid
32. Match the following terms and descriptions. carbohydrate chain A. associated with only one side of the plasma membrane
cholesterol B. span the membrane and can protrude from one or both sides
glycolipid C. regulates the fluidity of the membrane
glycoprotein D. can be attached to either the phospholipid heads or proteins
integral protein E. protein molecule with a carbohydrate chain attached
peripheral protein F. lipid molecule with a carbohydrates chain attached
phospholipid G. primary component of the plasma membrane
33. Describe why the structure of the plasma membrane is
described as a fluid-mosaic model.
34. Identify the FIVE types of integral proteins based on the diagrams below.
3.5 The Permeability of the Plasma Membrane pages 83 - 91
35. Why is the plasma membrane better referred to as selectively permeable rather than semi-permeable?
Type: Function: Example:
Type: Function: Example:
Type: Function: Example:
Type: Function: Example:
Type: Function: Example:
36. Energy is NOT required to transport molecules across the plasma membrane if they are…
Examples include:
37. Energy is required to transport molecules across the plasma membrane if they are…
Examples include:
38. While both involve movement from [high] to [low], what is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
39. Compare the three states of tonicity that may affect a cell.
Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic
Prefix Meaning
Net movement of water (in, out or at equilibrium)
Drawing of an animal cell in a solution of this type
40. Are the following terms or descriptions related to isotonic (I), hypotonic (HO), or hypertonic (HE) solutions?
A. crenation
B. cytolysis
C. turgor pressure
D. plasmolysis
E. 0.9% NaCl intravenous drip
F. preserving meats by salting them
G. keeping vegetables crisp by spraying them with distilled water
41. Biologically useful molecules are able to enter and exit the cell at a rapid rate because of proteins in the membrane. These proteins are believed to undergo a that moves the molecule across the membrane.
42. Define the two categories of transport
facilitated:
active:
43. Why are proteins involved in active transport often called “pumps”?
44. Vesicles must be used to move macromolecules across the plasma membrane. The process of moving large substances out of the cell is called (a) while the process of moving substances into the cell is called (b).
45. Name the three ways large substances can enter a cell. Then briefly describe the process in terms of an area of the body where it occurs, or what substances are brought in this way, etc.
Description Description Description
Chapter 3 Review Questions pages 102 – 107
1. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 15. 16.
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
31. Only one possible answer for each (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) _
Mark the review questions using the answer key on pages 527 – 530
Extra practice for QUIZ (will not be marked as part of this assignment). See how many of these organelles you know. Some are duplicated and there may be some that are hard to identify so just name as many as you can.
