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BIRTH OF BIRTH OF CIVILIZATIONS CIVILIZATIONS
LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. What are ‘civilisations’, ‘kingdoms’ and ‘empires’?
2. What were the factors that led to the rise of civilisations?
3. What are the features of a civilisation?
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PAIR WORKPAIR WORK
Compare the 2 pictures, what are the differences between these 2 pictures?
WHAT IS WHAT IS CIVILISATION?CIVILISATION? From the Latin word civilis:
– Has to do with people who live in cities
Refers to an advanced state of Refers to an advanced state of human development where cities human development where cities exist.exist.
Features of Civilisations
Government
WritingScience & the arts
More complex beliefs
Variety of occupation
s
Close to water supply1
2Close
to food
supply
Close to fertile soil3
FACTORS THAT HELPED FACTORS THAT HELPED CIVILISATIONS GROWCIVILISATIONS GROW
BEGINNINGS OF BEGINNINGS OF CIVILISATIONCIVILISATION
Hunter gatherers
Learnt how to grow crops and rear animals and began to settle and live in
small groups.Small groups come together and
develop a way of life, they share the same culture.
Culture develops over a long time and becomes advanced, it becomes a
civilisation.
Cradle of CivilisationCradle of CivilisationCradle of CivilisationCradle of Civilisation
The cradle of a civilisation refers to the place where a civilisation first began.
What do you think were the conditions that led to the rise of civilisations?
Ordinary people and lands
Chiefs
KingsWhat Is a Kingdom?What Is a Kingdom?
EmperorWhat Is an Empire?What Is an Empire?
Ordinary people and lands
Kings
Chiefs
Began around 3000 BCE Waves of migration and settlement in the Indus plains due to the fertile soil in the area.
Built cities e.g. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro A map showing the extent of the
Indus Valley Civilisation
ORIGINS OF THE INDUS ORIGINS OF THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATIONVALLEY CIVILISATION
What were the features of the Indus Valley Civilisation?
What were the features of the Indus Valley Civilisation?
Architectural evidence — well-planned streets, a drainage system, public buildings and a citadel
The ruins of a street in Mohenjo-daro
GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT
Drainage outlet
Activity: P.24 WB
Farmers, craftsmen and traders
King-priests who conducted religious
ceremonies
VARIETY OF VARIETY OF OCCUPATIONSOCCUPATIONS
Activity: P.24 WB
Indus seals–probably used by traders for identifying goods
Not deciphered yet A seal depicting a bull
WRITINGWRITING
Activity: P.24 WB
Probable causes :
Severe floods killed many and forced others to leave
Invasion by another people — the Aryans
DECLINEDECLINE
Nomads, came from the western part of Asia
Entered India in small groups, fought with the original settlers, but settled down.
Gradually moved eastwards into Ganges valley
Cultures of Aryans began to mix with the Indus people and original settlers.
Movement of Aryans into Ganges Valley
THE ARYANSTHE ARYANS
Chinese civilisation has its roots in the valley of the Yellow river.
It was thought that the Shang Dynasty was the only advanced culture of the time.
However, archaeological digs have revealed other civilisations in the Yangtze River area.
The Shang dynasty
A map showing the extent of the Shang dynasty
CIVILISATION IN CHINACIVILISATION IN CHINA
Longshan (2200 BCE) People reared
animals and farmed Lived in walled communities Made pottery from potters’
wheels
Yangshao (3000 BCE) People hunted, reared animals and farmed
ORIGINSORIGINSYangshao and Longshan were a group of villages that existed along the Yellow River. The Shang Civilisation arose out of the Longshan culture.
What were the features of the
Shang Civilisation?
What were the features of the
Shang Civilisation?
Ruled by kings from same family line
Picture of the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi) of the Shang dynasty
Lived in capital city,ruled surrounding villages and smaller cities
Temples, palaces storehouses in capital city
GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT
Activity: P.24 WB
Pictograms
Found on oracle bones
Over 3 000 characters
The basis of modern Chinese script
WRITINGWRITING
Activity: P.24 WB
Merchants
Craftsmen
Priests
Farmers
VARIETY OF VARIETY OF OCCUPATIONSOCCUPATIONS
Activity: P.24 WB
COMPLEX BELIEFSCOMPLEX BELIEFS
Belief in a higher God:Belief in a higher God:– Belief in Shang Di who was the personal god of the Belief in Shang Di who was the personal god of the
Shang Kings.Shang Kings.– Religious sacrifices were made including human Religious sacrifices were made including human
sacrifices.sacrifices. Ancestor worship:Ancestor worship:
– Shang believed that their ancestors dwelt in Heaven.Shang believed that their ancestors dwelt in Heaven.– Made sacrificial offerings to their ancestors to keep Made sacrificial offerings to their ancestors to keep
them happy. Failure to do so would lead to disaster on them happy. Failure to do so would lead to disaster on their family.their family.
Elaborate burials:Elaborate burials:– Shang Kings buried in large tombs.Shang Kings buried in large tombs.– Tombs contained the bones of salves along with many Tombs contained the bones of salves along with many
other valuable items and animal sacrifices.other valuable items and animal sacrifices.– Tomb of Tomb of Lady Lady HaoHao: Consort of King Wu Ding.: Consort of King Wu Ding.
Last Shang king assassinated c. 1150BCE.
The Shang Dynasty was succeeded by the Western Zhou.
Internal conflict led to the formation of the Eastern Zhou and eventually to the Period of the Warring States.
END OF THE SHANG END OF THE SHANG DYNASTYDYNASTY
END OF THE SHANG END OF THE SHANG DYNASTYDYNASTY
The Warring The Warring States were States were eventually united eventually united by a prince and by a prince and formed the Qin formed the Qin Dynasty.Dynasty.
Laid the Laid the foundation for the foundation for the successive successive dynasties.dynasties.
Western Western ZhouZhou
1523–1027 1523–1027 BCEBCE
Eastern Eastern ZhouZhou
1027–221 BCE1027–221 BCE
QinQin 221–206 BCE221–206 BCE
HanHan 202 BCE–220 202 BCE–220 CECE
SuiSui 581–617 CE581–617 CE
TangTang 618–907 CE618–907 CE
SongSong 960–1279 CE960–1279 CE
YuanYuan 1279–1368 CE1279–1368 CE
MingMing 1368–1644 CE1368–1644 CE
QinQin 1644–1912 CE1644–1912 CE
Growth
Features
A map of Southeast Asia
CIVILISATIONS IN SEACIVILISATIONS IN SEA
Made up of thousands of islands separated by seas
Much of it is now made up by present-day Indonesia and Philippines
An illustration of an Illanun pirate boat. Piracy was common in island Southeast Asia.
MARITIME SOUTH EAST ASIAMARITIME SOUTH EAST ASIA
Consists of present-day Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar
Rivers that flow through these areas include the Irrawady River and the Mekong River
MAINLAND SOUTHEAST MAINLAND SOUTHEAST ASIAASIA
Began around 6000 BCE in villages near rivers and seas
People were hunters and fishermen
By 200 BCE, Indian and Chinese traders came to Southeast Asia and the villages served as resting points. Some grew into port cities, e.g. Oc-eo
Rice and trade led to the rise of civilisations
BIRTH OF BIRTH OF CIVILISATIONSCIVILISATIONS
First major port city
Capital of Funan
Grew because of trade and its strategic location
Became less important with the rise of
Palembang
The extent of Funan
OC-EO – 1OC-EO – 1stst to 6 to 6thth Century CECentury CE
Located in present-day Sumatra
Capital of Srivijaya
Grew because of trade and its strategic location
Declined in importance after 13th century CE, when traders went directly to East Java to trade
The extent of Srivijaya
PALEMBANGPALEMBANG(7TH–13TH CENTURY CE)(7TH–13TH CENTURY CE)
What were the features What were the features of Southeast Asian of Southeast Asian
civilisations?civilisations?
What were the features What were the features of Southeast Asian of Southeast Asian
civilisations?civilisations?
Ruled by kings
Assisted by officials
A Malay sultan (king)
GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT
Activity: P.24 WB
Traders
Farmers
Priests
Craftsmen
Officials
A 15th century tin coin used by traders in Melaka
VARIETY OF VARIETY OF OCCUPATIONSOCCUPATIONS
Activity: P.24 WB
Adopted Sanskrit from traders
Sanskrit poems from India. Southeast Asian rulers and officials adopted this script for records.
Developed own scripts, e.g. Jawi
The Jawi alphabet
WRITINGWRITING
Various cultures and religions
Kampong Kling mosque, Melaka
Buddhist temple in Pagan, Myanmar
Angkor Wat in Angkor, Cambodia
VARIETY OF CULTURES & VARIETY OF CULTURES & RELIGIONSRELIGIONS
Activity: P.24 WB
Funan (1st–6th century CE)
Srivijaya (7th–13th century CE)
Majapahit (800–1432 CE)
Melaka (1403–1511 CE)
POWERFUL SEA POWERFUL SEA EMPIRESEMPIRES
CULMINATING CULMINATING PERFORMANCE – p.25PERFORMANCE – p.25
Learning OutcomesLearning OutcomesLearning OutcomesLearning Outcomes
1.1. A ‘civilisation’ is...A ‘civilisation’ is...A ‘kingdom’ is...A ‘kingdom’ is...An 'empire' is... An 'empire' is...
2. The factors that led to the rise of 2. The factors that led to the rise of civilisations were... civilisations were...
3. The features of a civilisation are... 3. The features of a civilisation are...
Assignment:Assignment:Complete p.28-33 of Complete p.28-33 of Work BookWork Book