Name Chapter 3--Culture Description Instructions Modify Add Question Here Question 1 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Question Sociologists call all the ideas, practices, and material objects that people create to deal with real-life problems: Answer abstractions culture norms methods sociology Add Question Here Question 2 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Add Question Here Question 6 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Question If someone is able to create the idea of gravity without having to have an apple fall on their head, they are engaging in which of the following? Answer abstractions culture norms methods sociology Add Question Here Question 7 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Question
Transcript
Name Chapter 3--Culture
Description
Instructions Modify
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Question 1 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionSociologists call all the ideas, practices, and material objects that people create to deal with real-life problems:Answer abstractions
culture norms methods sociology
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Question 2 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionWhen Nomar Garciaparra of Major League Baseball developed the practice of pulling at his gloves and kicking the dirt with the toes of his cleats before swinging the bat, he invented a/n ____ practice.Answer abstracted
cultural normal methodological sociological
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Question 3 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionSociologists say that culture is shared because it is:Answer private
communicated through signs communicated through language and learning transmitted only among those interested in culture all of these choices
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Question 4 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionAccording to sociologists, culture enables people to ____ and thrive in their environments.Answer have total control
shape review culture adapt
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Question 5 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionHuman survival was based on the capacity to create general ideas or ways of thinking that are not linked to specific or particular instances. These ideas are called:Answer abstractions
culture norms methods sociology
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Question 6 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionIf someone is able to create the idea of gravity without having to have an apple fall on their head, they are engaging in which of the following?Answer abstractions
culture norms methods sociology
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Question 7 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove
Question
If Travis holds up two fingers in the peace sign, he is using which of the following?Answer abstractions
symbols norms methods sociology
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Question 8 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionWe live in a social universe full of symbols. Symbols are important because:Answer they are always in flux
they give symbolic interactionists their subject material they allow us to classify and generalize our experiences they establish the only unquestioned foundation for reality none of these choices
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Question 9 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionEvery culture has a set of shared rules called ____ that guide the behavior of its members by specifying what behavior is appropriate and inappropriate.Answer beliefs
QuestionThe necessity to understand that other people have values that differ from ours and that we should not see these values as inferior but merely different is known as:Answer ethnocentrism
cultural relativism pluralism universalism cultural confrontation
QuestionWhen human beings pool their resources to meet collective and individual goals, we are using which tool in "the human cultural survival kit?"Answer abstractions
QuestionWhen humans make and use tools and techniques that improve their ability to take what they want from nature, they are engaged in ____.Answer production
abstraction cooperation conflict none of these choices
QuestionSerious rules that people believe are essential for the survival of their group are known as ____ according to William Sumner.Answer production
QuestionAccording to Brym and Lie, social control is needed to ensure stable patterns of interaction, however ____ is also needed to ensure cultural innovation and social renewal.Answer
production of social control individual acceptance acceptance of social control cooperation with social control resistance to social control
QuestionThe practitioners of ____ claim that genes account not just for physical characteristics but also for specific behaviors and social practices.Answer sociology
sociobiology sociometrics social biology all of these choices
QuestionYou overhear an argument where one person claims that social behavior is determined by the same biological patterns as those that determine the color of your eyes. This position is known as:Answer sociology
sociobiology sociometrics social biology all of these choices
QuestionAccording to Charles Darwin, the species members who are best adapted to their environments are most likely to live long enough to have offspring. This is known as:Answer simple evolution
survival of the fittest evolutionary psychology sociobiology social biology
QuestionThe problem with evolutionary psychology is that behavior that is assumed to be universal and part of survival is:Answer not universal and not necessarily part of a survival system
only established with psychological evidence focused on male behavior focused on biological behavior all of these choices
QuestionA common genetic misconception is that because the human genome has been mapped as of June 26, 2000, all human characteristics can be "read" from this information. This is a misconception because:Answer genes mutate from generation to generation
genetic function is precise and human behavior is also precise genetics continues to need greater study genes mutate randomly and interact with social and physical environmental conditions all of these choices
QuestionMarvin Harris argues that ethnocentrism misleads many western scholars and observers from completely understanding cow worship in rural India. When examining cow worship from the point of view of the functions it provides in Indian culture, cow worship can be understood as:Answer a rational economic practice
a meaningful religious practice a strange and non-useful practice a foreign and exotic practice none of these choices
QuestionUntil the 1960s, many sociologists argued that culture was a simple "reflection" of society. However, many sociologists today contend that:Answer people accept culture as it is given to them
people shape culture only when they care about an issue people really don't care about culture culture is nothing more than people people do not just accept culture passively
QuestionIn their work on culture, Richard Hoggart and E.P. Thompson demonstrate how working-class people are able to:Answer accept culture as it is given to them
shape culture only when they care about an issue focus on all aspects of culture shape the culture in which they live none of these choices
QuestionAdvocates of ____ have argued that school and college curricula should present a more balanced picture of United States history, culture, and society by reflecting the ethnic and racial diversity of the United States.Answer cultural solidarity
ethnocentrism cultural production multiculturalism cultural diversification
QuestionAn approach to education that gives substantial weight to the achievements of non-whites and non-Europeans in American society is known as:Answer cultural relativism
ethnocentrism cultural production multiculturalism cultural diversification
QuestionWhich of the following is not a criticism of multiculturalism?Answer multicultural education hurts minority students by overlooking core subjects
multicultural education causes political disunity multicultural education results in interethnic and interracial conflict multicultural education encourages cultural relativism multicultural education encourages equal valuation of different cultures
QuestionCritics of cultural relativism claim that all cultures are not of equal value because:Answer some cultures are better than others
some cultures are in greater stages of development than American culture cultural production is a global process some cultures oppose the most deeply held values of most Americans cultural diversification hurts the interests of the poor
QuestionReligious rituals that involve elaborate body decoration, carefully orchestrated chants, precise movements, and are conducted in public are examples of:Answer cultural relativism
ethnocentrism cultural reproduction multiculturalism rites of passage
QuestionAccording to Brym and Lie, cultural fragmentation has been increasing since the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, the French and American Revolutions. A trend that exacerbated cultural fragmentation is:Answer rites of passage
QuestionWhy is English the dominant language around the world?Answer because of the economic, political, and cultural influence of Great Britain and the United States over the
past 200 years because of multiculturalism because English is the easiest language in which to conduct business because of the lack of influence of countries that speak other languages over the past 200 years the diversification of languages led to the evolution of English
QuestionThe era during which much of Western culture believed in the inevitability of progress, respected authority, and formed a consensus around core values is often referred to as:Answer premodernism
QuestionWhat form of culture involves an eclectic mixing of elements from different times and places, the erosion of authority, and the decline of consensus around core values?Answer premodern
sociological analysis modern postmodern none of these choices
QuestionThe change in how father figures are depicted on television demonstrates which characteristic of postmodernism?Answer an eclectic mixing of elements from different times and places
the erosion of authority the decline of consensus around core values increasing use of non-functional architecture all of these choices
QuestionCritics of postmodernism are concerned that the lack of a common culture will create problems in maintaining a stable society. These problems include which of the following?Answer how to teach common values
how to organize anti-global efforts how to create meaningful television commercials how to transmit different belief systems all of these choices
QuestionPeople live busy lives. We often feel rushed trying to accomplish too much during the average workday. Our lives appear to be so highly regimented that each moment is precisely planned. This is often attributed to the growth of:
Answer postmodernism McDonaldization consumerism rationalization cultural diversification
QuestionAccording to Max Weber, rationalization has crept into all spheres of social life, leading to ____ that dehumanize and constrain human beings.Answer unintended consequences
intended consequences consumerism globalization all of these choices
QuestionThe text is critical of contemporary evolutionary psychology on which of the following grounds?Answer Many behaviors discussed by evolutionary psychologists are not universal and some are not even that
common. It has never been verified that specific behaviors and social arrangements are associated with particular genes. Variations among people are due not just to genetic differences but to random processes and environmental influences. all of these choices none of these choices
QuestionIn Weber's sense of the term, rationalization is:Answer
a justification for a deviant act a justification for a perceived act of deviance the application of the most efficient means to achieve given goals and the unintended, negative consequences of doing so using the least expensive and most effective means to get a job done
QuestionA subculture is:Answer an inferior culture
a culture that is perceived to be inferior a set of distinctive values, norms, and practices within a larger culture an emergent culture an underground movement
QuestionBrym and Lie define cultural lag as:Answer the slow pace of cultural change
the tendency of material culture to change more slowly than symbolic culture the tendency of symbolic culture to change more slowly than material culture the slow pace of change in developing countries none of these choices
QuestionIf people go to the mall to buy things when they are feeling depressed, and the purchases make them feel good about themselves or their situation, they are engaging in:Answer rationalization
QuestionThe Gap Khakis ads, discussed in the text, demonstrate that marketers know how to stimulate demand for a product by:Answer creating well produced and expensive ads
creating an association between the product and desirable properties creating a market niche orchestrating an expensive and long running television ad campaign conducting extensive market research on pants
QuestionThe tendency to define ourselves in terms of the goods we purchase is not just a simple reflection of personal choice. This tendency is also important because it supports the economy by ensuring that:Answer
advertisers do not influence our purchases
none of the products that we produce will be bought American culture will dominate globally the products that we produce will be bought none of these choices
QuestionA set of distinctive values, norms, and practices within a larger culture that sets members apart from the dominant culture is known as a(n) ____.Answer rationalization
QuestionIf a group of teenagers have distinctive dress, beliefs, ideas, and language that separates them from others in a society, they can be said to belong to which of the following?Answer rationalization group
QuestionAlthough many hip-hop music artists began their careers as politically rebellious musicians, many of them were more than eager to:Answer stop recording when their messages were accepted by the wider culture
embrace new messages as the structure of society became transformed through their music forego politics for commerce all of these choices none of these choices
QuestionWhich theorists believe that we actively produce and interpret culture, creatively fashioning it and attaching meaning to it according to our own needs?Answer functionalists
QuestionThe central argument of conflict theory states that the ongoing struggle between more and less advantaged groups is called ____.Answer social paranoia
social diversity social stratification social development social life
QuestionThe process by which socially excluded groups have struggled to win equal rights under the law and in practice since the 1960's, is called:Answer civil disobedience
subversion the rights revolution media imperialism the revolution in representation
QuestionWhat percent of Christian Fundamentalists believe in or had an experience with 'ESP' (defined as 'felt in touch with someone when they were far away from you')?Answer less than 2%
QuestionWhich of the following is NOT one of a dozen core American values as defined by sociologist Robin M. Williams, Jr., more than fifty years ago?Answer
freedom
security democracy equality individualism
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Question 101 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionPeople actively produce and interpret culture.Answer True
False
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Question 102 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionAccording to Emile Durkheim, deviation from prescribed practices is encouraged during "primitive" religious rituals.Answer True
False
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Question 103 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionIn sociology, "culture" means popular culture: rock music, folk art, sports, etc.Answer True
False
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Question 104 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionSociobiologists and evolutionary psychologists deny that genes---chemical units that carry traits from parents to children---account not just for physical characteristics but also for specific behaviors and social practices.Answer True
False
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Question 105 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionOver time, most cultures have tended to become more heterogeneous.Answer True
False
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Question 106 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionPostmodernism has many parents, teachers, politicians, religious leaders, and some university professors worried about the future.Answer True
False
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Question 107 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionMax Weber claimed that rationality has crept into all spheres of social life except for religious beliefs.Answer True
False
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Question 108 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionThe Big Historical Projects referred to in the textbook include such cultural feats as the construction of the Great Wall of China, the construction of the Pyramids in Egypt, and the Manhattan Project to build the atom bomb in World War II.Answer True
False
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Question 109 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionConsumerism is the tendency to define ourselves in terms of the goods we purchase.Answer True
False
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Question 110 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionToday people refuse to allow themselves to associate their status and identity with commercial products.Answer True
False
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Question 111 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionHigh culture is culture consumed mainly by artists and musicians.Answer True
False
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Question 112 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionHumans have been able to adapt to their environment because they can create culture.Answer True
False
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Question 113 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionPostmodernism is characterized by an eclectic mixing of cultural elements and the erosion of consensus.Answer True
False
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Question 114 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionFolkways are the most important norms and they evoke the most severe punishment.Answer True
False
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Question 115 True/False 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionTaboos are among the weakest norms.Answer True
False
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Question 116 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionHow do sociologists define culture?Answer Sociologists define culture as all the ideas, practices and material objects that people create to deal with real-life
problems.
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Question 117 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionWhat are norms?Answer Norms are generally accepted ways of doing things.
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Question 118 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionWhat is ethnocentrism?Answer Ethnocentrism is judging another culture exclusively by the standards of one's own.
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Question 119 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionWhat are rites of passage?Answer Rites of passage are cultural ceremonies that mark transition from one stage of life to another or from life to
death.
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Question 120 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionDefine consumerism.Answer Consumerism is the tendency to define ourselves in terms of the goods we purchase.
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Question 121 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionWhat is cultural relativism?Answer Cultural relativism is the belief that all cultures have equal value.
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Question 122 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionDefine globalization.Answer Globalization is the process by which formerly separate economies, states and cultures are being tied together.
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Question 123 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionDefine cooperation.Answer Cooperation is the human capacity to create a complex social life.
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Question 124 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionWhat are sanctions?Answer Sanctions are rewards and punishments intended to ensure conformity to cultural guidelines.
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Question 125 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionDefine rationalization.Answer Rationalization is the application of the most efficient means to achieve given goals and the unintended
negative consequences of doing so.
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Question 126 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionExplain how globalization has affected you. Use the concepts of culture, culture diversification, and globalization in your answer.Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 127 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionCompare and contrast the main tools in the "human cultural survival kit2" Are there any important human capabilities that the authors failed to include in this "survival kit"?Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 128 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionCompare and contrast the position advocated by Sociobiologists and evolutionary psychologists.Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 129 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionExplain Max Weber's concept of rationalization, giving examples from your own life experience.Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 130 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionConstruct a sociological explanation about a well-known subculture of your choosing.Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 131 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionAnalyze your own upbringing from a sociological perspective. What can you learn about culture from your own family?Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 132 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionChoose a well-known film that illustrates contending cultures or subcultures and analyze the dramatization of these cultures in the movie that you chose.Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 133 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionIf you were going to oppose consumerism in your personal life, what would you do? How would you explain your position to others? How successful do you believe you would be?Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 134 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionWhy would dominant figures in American society want to limit the cultural influence of hip-hop music?Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 135 Essay 0 points Modify Remove
QuestionConstruct your own essay question drawing on relevant course materials for your answer. Points will be awarded for both the question and answer.Answer Answer not provided.
