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Chapter 3: Chapter 3: Early Civilizations in India & Early Civilizations in India &
ChinaChina
Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley
Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges
Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China
Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley Summary:Summary:
Archaeologists uncovered remains of India’s first Archaeologists uncovered remains of India’s first civilization in the civilization in the IndusIndus River valley River valley
Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley
The The Indus RiverIndus River valley is located on valley is located on the the subcontinentsubcontinent of of India in South AsiaIndia in South Asia High mountain High mountain
ranges separate ranges separate India from other India from other landslands
Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley Three major regions in Three major regions in
India include:India include: A well-watered A well-watered
northern plainnorthern plain A dry central plateau A dry central plateau
((Deccan PlateauDeccan Plateau)) Coastal plainsCoastal plains
Its huge size and varied Its huge size and varied geography have made geography have made India hard to uniteIndia hard to unite
Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley
Winds called Winds called monsoonsmonsoons bring rain every bring rain every summersummer When there is not enough rain, people cannot grow When there is not enough rain, people cannot grow
cropscrops When there is too much rain, rivers such as the When there is too much rain, rivers such as the
GangesGanges rise in deadly floods rise in deadly floods
Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley
The first Indian civilization arose in the The first Indian civilization arose in the Indus Indus ValleyValley about 2500 B.C., but archeologists did about 2500 B.C., but archeologists did not uncover it until 1922not uncover it until 1922 Many of its cities remain undiscoveredMany of its cities remain undiscovered
Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley
Scientists have found writing samples, but Scientists have found writing samples, but they do not yet understand themthey do not yet understand them As a result we do not know much about this As a result we do not know much about this
civilizationcivilization We do know that the We do know that the IndusIndus ValleyValley civilization civilization
was larger than any other at the timewas larger than any other at the time
Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley
The cities of the The cities of the IndusIndus ValleyValley civilization civilization were well-plannedwere well-planned Most people of the civilization were farmersMost people of the civilization were farmers
They were the first to grow cotton and weave it into They were the first to grow cotton and weave it into clothcloth
The merchants of the The merchants of the Indus ValleyIndus Valley civilization traveled civilization traveled to Sumer to trade their goods to Sumer to trade their goods
Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley
Around 1750 B.C., Around 1750 B.C., Indus ValleyIndus Valley civilization civilization began to began to declinedecline, or become weaker, or become weaker We do not know exactly why this happenedWe do not know exactly why this happened
In the end, nomadic warriors called In the end, nomadic warriors called AryansAryans conquered conquered the the Indus ValleyIndus Valley
Section 1:Cities of the Indus ValleySection 1:Cities of the Indus Valley
The Northern The Northern PlainPlain
The Deccan The Deccan PlateauPlateau
The Coastal PlainsThe Coastal Plains
-Himalaya Mtns. -Himalaya Mtns. In the NEIn the NE
-Hindu Kush -Hindu Kush Mtns. In NWMtns. In NW
-2 sacred rivers: -2 sacred rivers: Indus R. and Indus R. and Ganges R.Ganges R.
-Fertile land-Fertile land
-Triangular shape-Triangular shape
-No major rivers-No major rivers
-Land too dry for -Land too dry for farmingfarming
-Small population-Small population
-Eastern & -Eastern & Western Ghats Western Ghats (Mtns.)(Mtns.)
-Flat land along -Flat land along coastscoasts
-Fishing & trading-Fishing & trading
-Rain & rivers -Rain & rivers provide water for provide water for farmingfarming
Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges
Summary:Summary: AryansAryans warriors invaded India and developed a warriors invaded India and developed a
new civilizationnew civilization
Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges
The The AryansAryans were a warrior group that moved were a warrior group that moved across Asiaacross Asia Early Early AryansAryans did not build cities and left few did not build cities and left few
artifactsartifacts Around 1500 B.C., they conquered the Around 1500 B.C., they conquered the Indus ValleyIndus Valley
civilization civilization
Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges
The The AryansAryans gradually mixed with the people gradually mixed with the people they conquered and learned new waysthey conquered and learned new ways They settled in villages to farm and raise cattleThey settled in villages to farm and raise cattle
About 800 B.C., the About 800 B.C., the AryansAryans learned how to make tools learned how to make tools and weapons out of ironand weapons out of iron
Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges
With iron weapons the With iron weapons the AryansAryans carved out carved out more territory in the more territory in the Ganges Ganges River basinRiver basin Soon cities ruled by chiefs called Soon cities ruled by chiefs called RajahsRajahs arose arose
By 500 B.C., the By 500 B.C., the AryansAryans had built a new Indian had built a new Indian civilizationcivilization
Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges
Most of what we know about the Most of what we know about the AryansAryans comes from a collection of writings called the comes from a collection of writings called the VedasVedas The period from 1500 B.C. to 500 B.C., the The period from 1500 B.C. to 500 B.C., the Vedic Vedic
AgeAge, is named for those writings , is named for those writings
Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges
According to the According to the VedasVedas, the , the AryansAryans were were warriors who loved food, music, and chariot warriors who loved food, music, and chariot racingracing They organized people into social classes by They organized people into social classes by
occupationoccupation or job type or job type
Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges
This was the beginning of the This was the beginning of the caste systemcaste system Under this system, people stayed in the social class Under this system, people stayed in the social class
into which they were borninto which they were born
Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the Ganges
Like the Like the VedasVedas, stories called , stories called epicsepics have been have been told and retold over thousands of yearstold and retold over thousands of years The The epicsepics also give us information about the lives also give us information about the lives
and beliefs of the early and beliefs of the early AryansAryans They tell stories of families, wars, and loveThey tell stories of families, wars, and love
The The AryansAryans used used epicsepics to teach values and lessons about how to teach values and lessons about how people should behavepeople should behave
Section 2: Kingdoms of the GangesSection 2: Kingdoms of the GangesBrahmins
priests
Kshatriyaswarriors
VaisyasHerders, farmers, merchants, craftspeople
SudrasFarm workers, servants, laborers
Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China
Summary:Summary: Early Chinese people developed a complex Early Chinese people developed a complex
civilizationcivilization They made many advances in learning and in the They made many advances in learning and in the
artsarts
Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China
China covers a huge area, but until recent China covers a huge area, but until recent times most people lived only along the east times most people lived only along the east coast or in the river valleyscoast or in the river valleys China is surrounded by mountains, jungles, China is surrounded by mountains, jungles,
deserts, and an oceandeserts, and an ocean Therefore, China was more Therefore, China was more isolatedisolated, or cut off, from , or cut off, from
the rest of the world than other early civilizationthe rest of the world than other early civilization
Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China Chinese civilization arose around the Chinese civilization arose around the Huang HeHuang He
and and YangziYangzi river valleys river valleys About 1650 B.C., a Chinese people called the About 1650 B.C., a Chinese people called the ShangShang
gained control of part of northern Chinagained control of part of northern China During the During the ShangShang dynasty, kings controlled only a small dynasty, kings controlled only a small
amount of landamount of land
Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China
Groups of families called Groups of families called clansclans controlled controlled most of the landmost of the land Merchants and craftspeople earned a living in the Merchants and craftspeople earned a living in the
citiescities However, most people were peasants who lived in However, most people were peasants who lived in
farming villagesfarming villages
Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China
In 1027 B.C., the In 1027 B.C., the ZhouZhou people overthrew the people overthrew the ShangShang and set up their own dynasty and set up their own dynasty The The ZhouZhou told the people that the gods had told the people that the gods had
become angry with the become angry with the ShangShang and now had chosen and now had chosen the the ZhouZhou to rule to rule
Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China
The right to rule was The right to rule was called the called the Mandate Mandate of Heavenof Heaven, or the , or the divine right to ruledivine right to rule From that time on, From that time on,
each new dynasty each new dynasty would claim the would claim the Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven
Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China The Chinese made progress in many areas The Chinese made progress in many areas
during the during the ShangShang and and ZhouZhou periods periods They developed a complex religionThey developed a complex religion The Chinese created a system of writing The Chinese created a system of writing
and made the first booksand made the first books
Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in China They learned to produce bronze and They learned to produce bronze and
made detailed figuresmade detailed figures They learned to produce silk thread They learned to produce silk thread
from the cocoons of silkwormsfrom the cocoons of silkworms The Chinese also studies astronomy, The Chinese also studies astronomy,
recoding eclipses of the sun and recoding eclipses of the sun and inventing an accurate calendarinventing an accurate calendar
Section 3: Early Civilization in ChinaSection 3: Early Civilization in ChinaGeneration goby, New Dynastybecomes...
New Dynasty claims Mandateof Heaven
New Dynasty-brings peace-protects people-Rebuilds infrastructure
Old Dynasty-Unfair treatment-Taxes-No protection-Infrastructure fails
Old Dynastyloses Mandateof Heaven
-Revolution-Invasion
The Dynastic Cycle