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ChapterChapter 33
Leadership BehaviorLeadership Behavior and Motivationand Motivation
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Summary of Lecture #4
• Pygmalion Effect
• Developing Positive Attitude
• What is ethic
• Ethical Leadership
• Stakeholder theory of Ethics
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Learning Outcomes
University of Iowa leadership styles
University of Michigan University leadership models
Ohio State University leadership model and the leadership grid
Three content motivation theories
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Leadership Style
The combination of traits, skills, and behaviors leaders use as they interact with followers.
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
University of IowaLeadership Styles
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Autocratic Democratic
University of MichiganLeadership Styles
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Job centered Leadership style
Employee Centered Leadership Style
Somewhere in middle
The Ohio State University Leadership ModelThe Ohio State University Leadership Model
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Low Structure High Structureand andHigh Consideration High Consideration
Low Structure High Structureand andLow Consideration Low Consideration
Initiating StructureLow High
consideration
Low
High
Leadership Style
• In Your Opinion which is the best Leadership Style?
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
The one which works for the individual leader in a specific time and in a specific
environment
Leadership Style
• Which leadership style do workers think is best?
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
No one is best in all circumstances and situations but generally
followers like consideration style
Blake, Mouton, & McCanse Leadership GridBlake, Mouton, & McCanse Leadership Grid
1,9Country Club
1,1 9,1
9,9
5,5
Impoverished
Team Leader
Middle of the Road
Authority-Compliance
PPEEOOPPLLEECCOONNCCEERRNN
Low
High
1 CONCERN for PRODUCTIONCONCERN for PRODUCTION 9Low High
Source: Adapted from Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton, The Managerial Grid III (Houston: Gulf, 1985); and Robert R. Blake and Anna Adams McCase, Leadership Dilemmas-Grid Solutions (Houston: Gulf, 1991), 29.
Motivation
• What is Motivation?
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Anything that affects behavior in pursuit
of a certain outcome
Motivation
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Motivation ProcessMotivation Process
Need Motive Behavior
Satisfactionor dissatisfaction
Consequence
Feedback
Motivation Theories
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Classification of Motivation
Theories
Motivation Theory
1.Content motivation theories1.Content motivation theories a. Hierarchy of needs theory
b. Two-factor theory
c. Acquired needs theory
2.Process motivation theories2.Process motivation theories a. Equity theory
b. Expectancy theory
c. Goal-setting theory
3.Reinforcement theory3.Reinforcement theory Type of Reinforcement Type of Reinforcement
a. Positivea. Positive
b. Avoidanceb. Avoidance
c. Extinctionc. Extinction
d. Punishmentd. Punishment
Content Motivation Theories
• Attempt to explain and predict behavior based on people’s needs
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
1: Hierarchy of Needs Theory
“Proposes that people are motivated through levels of needs which begin from a basic life sustaining needs and progress to life/work satisfaction and self actualization needs”
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need Theory
Self Actualization
Needs
Esteem Needs
Physiological Needs
Social Needs
Safety Needs
Basic needs like food, clean water, education, shelter
Safety and security
Seeks growth, achievement and career development, personal development
People look for friends, love, acceptance and affection
Recognition, feeling of self confidence, and prestige
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
What Organizations Should do?
Physiological Needs Salary, breaks, and working conditions
Safety Needs Safe working conditions, salary increase, job security, fringe benefits
Social Needs opportunity to interact with others, to have friends, activities like parties, events, trips and sports
Esteem Needs Titles, independence, autonomy, merit based increase, recognition, challenging tasks, participation in decision making, career growth opportunity
Self Actualization Needs employment development, promotion, have more control, chance to be creative
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation
Motivator Factors Intrinsic (esteem and self actualization needs, growth needs,
work itself, recognition, increased responsibility, growth, advancement)
Satisfied or not satisfied
Maintenance (Hygiene) Factors Extrinsic (physiological, safety, and social needs, existence and
relatedness needs, pay, benefits, job security, working condition, company policy
Dissatisfied or not dissatisfied
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Acquired Needs Theory of Motivation?
“Proposes that people are motivated by their needs for achievement, power, and
affiliation”
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Motivation Theories
Process Motivation Theories
Focus on how people choose behavior to fulfill their needs
1: Equity Theory 2: Expectancy Theory 3: Goal Setting Theory
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Discussion Question
Question 1: How traits affect behavior?Question 1: How traits affect behavior?
Question 2: Do you agree with University of MichiganQuestion 2: Do you agree with University of Michiganmodel or with Ohio State model? model or with Ohio State model?
Question 3: In Leadership grid which point is ideal?Question 3: In Leadership grid which point is ideal?
Question 4: What is motivation, and why is it importantQuestion 4: What is motivation, and why is it importantto know how to motivate employees?to know how to motivate employees?
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning
Summary
University of Iowa leadership styles
University of Michigan University leadership models
Ohio State University leadership model and the leadership grid
Three Content motivation theories
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning