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Chapter 3 Lesson 1
Collapse of Rome
Why Rome Collapsed
Political Confusion Economic weaknesses
Invasions
Weak government 22 emperors in 50 years
Soldiers attacked farms Germanic tribes
Civil war Less money and higher food prices
Persian tribes
High taxes Inflation No loyalty - $
Lost of values – honor, honesty, courage
Loss of jobs
Lack of education Barter system – traded for items not money
Bribes
CAUSE/EFFECT
1. PEOPLE HAD LESS MONEY
2. ROMAN SOLDIERS AND FOREIGN INVADERS DISRUPTED TRADE
3. FARMERS AND MERCHANTS RAISED PRICES TO MAKE PROFITS
4. THE GOVERNMENT PRODUCED COINS WITH LESS GOLD AND SILVER IN THEM
5. THE VALUE OF ROMAN COINS DECREASED
6. MERCHANTS SAW PROFITS DECLINE
A. THERE WAS A STEEP RISE IN PRICES AND A DECLINE IN THE VALUE OF MONEY
B. THE NEW COINS HAD A REDUCED VALUE
C. THERE WERE FOOD SHORTAGES AND SOARING PRICES
D. PEOPLE BEGAN TO BARTER INSTEAD OF USING MONEY
E. MERCHANTS WENT OUT OF BUSINESS
F. PEOPLE BOUGHT FEWER GOODS
DIOCLETAN
REFORMS 1. BUILD FORTS ALONG
FRONTIER
2. DIVIDE THE EMPIRE INTO 4 PARTS
3. SET MAXIMUM PRICES FOR WAGES AND GOODS
4. ORDERED WORKERS TO REMAIN IN JOBS
5. HELD LOCAL OFFICIALS RESPONSIBLE FOR TAXES
PROBLEMS1. POLITICAL CONFUSION
2. ECONOMIC WEAKNESSES
3. ARMY TOO STRONG
SUCCESS OR NOT OVERALL NO BECAUSE HE WAS A WEAK LEAADER AND PEOPLE IGNORED REFORMS: HOWEVER,
1. FORTS – SUCCESS – BECAUSE
2. DIVIDE EMPIRE – SUCCESS – BECAUSE
3. SET WAGES – SUCCESS – BECAUSE
4. WORKERS – NOT SUCCESS – BECAUSE
5. LOCAL OFFICIALS – NOT SUCCESS – BECAUSE
Constantine1. Tried to reinforce reforms of
Diocletan
2. Wanted a stable workforce and military
3. People did the same job as their fathers
4. Moved the capital from Rome to present day Turkey the Greek city of Byzantium
5. New capital name: CONSTANTINOPLE
6. THEODOSIS took over after Constantine died and broke the empire into 2 parts: Eastern and Western
GERMANIC INVADERS
HUNS GROUP OF WARRIERS FROM MONGOLIA
FEARED BY MANY
ENTERED EASTERN EUROPE IN 300S
FORCED PEOPLE TO LOOK FOR BETTER FARMLAND AND MORE LIVESTOCK
VISIGOTHSASKED TO SETTLE IN ROME FOR PROTECTION FROM HUNS
PROMISED TO BE LOYAL
TREATED BADLY BY ROMANS
CHARGED HIGH PRICES AND ENSLAVED
REBELED AND DEFEATED THE ROMANS AT ADRIANOPLE
ALSO CAPTURED ROME AND LOOTED THE CITY (LEADER ALARIC)
VANDALS ATTACKED SPAIN AND NORTHERN AFRICA
ATTACKED ITALY AND ENTERED ROME IN AD 455
SPENT 2 WEEKS TAKING THE VALUABLES AND BELONGINGS OF THE ROMANS
DESTROYED PROPERTY
IMPACT OF GERMANIC INVADERS
BY AD 400S THE GERMANIC INVADERS WERE PART OF ROMAN LEADERSHIP
GERMANIC GENERAL NAMED ODACER OVERTHREW 14 YEAR OLD ROMULUS AUGUSTULUS
HE RULED FOR 15 YEARS AND WAS KILLED BY THE VISGOTHS
WESTERN EMPIRE CEASED TO EXIST
Roman empire splits
Eastern empire Constantinople is capital
It thrives and prospers
It becomes the Byzantine Empire
Last almost 1,000 years
Western empire Numerous attacks
Rome falls in ad 476
It is divided into Germanic kingdoms
ROME’S LEGACIES
LAW AND GOVERNMENT – EQUALITY UNDER THE LAW; INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY; FAIR JUDGES; PEOPLE VOTE
CULTURAL IMPACT – LATIN ALPHABET; LATIN LANGUAGES SUCH AS FRENCH, SPANISH, AND ITALIAN; LATIN ROOTS AND PHRASES; ROMAN WRITEERS LIKE HORACE AND TACTITUS; ARCHITECTURE LIKE THE COLOSEUM
CHRISITAINITY – ADOPTED BY ROMANS IN AD 300S BY EMPERORS; GREW AND SPREAD ALL OVER THE WORLD; ONE OF THE 5 MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD TODAY
BYZANTINE EMPIRE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE
CAPITAL CITY – CONSTANTINOPLE
MULTICULTURAL - ROMANS, GREEKS, SLAVS, EGYPTIANS
VERY ADVANCED
GOOD TRADE PORT (PENINSULA)- FISHING, TRADE, AND WARSHIPS
PROTECTION FROM THE SEA ON 3 SIDES
BECAME KNOWN AS THE “NEW ROME”
HIPPODROME – CHARIOT RACES
HAD TO SPEAK LATIN AND FOLLOW ROMAN LAWS – GAVE BREAD TO THE POOR
LATER GREEKS BEGAN TO INFLUENCE THE REGION - SPEECH AND WRITING
JUSTINIAN VS. THEODORA
JUSTINIAN RULED FROM 527 – 565 AD.
HAD LEGAL SCHOLARS HEADED BY TRIBONIAN TO CREATE A SIMPLER CODE OF LAWS
HAD A LOT OF ARCHITECTURE DONE ESPECIALLY CHURCHES - ONE CHURCH WAS CALLED HAGIA SOPHIA – “Holy wisdom” - marble and silver – Many mosaics and saints in church
HE VALUED EDUCATION AND BOYS STUDIED RELIGION, MEDICINE, LAW, ETC.
HE WANTED TO RESTORE ROMAN EMPIRE – HE USED CALVARY (SOLDIERS ON HORSES) WITH BOWS AND LANCES (LONG SPEARS)
HIS ARMY WON MANY TERRORITIES INCLUDING ITALY AND NORTHERN AFRICA UNTIL A DISEASE KNOWN AS JUSTINIAN’S PLAGUE KILLED MANY
LOST MANY LANDS AFTER HIS DEATH
THEODORA JUSTINIAN’S WIFE
BEAUTIFUL, AMBITIOUS, AND INTELLIGENT
HELPED TO CHOOSE THE LEADERS
GAVE RIGHTS TO WOMEN SUCH AS OWNING LAND
GAVE HER HUSBAND STRENGTH POLITICALLY