Chapter 3

Matter

Section 3.1

Matter

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• Anything occupying space and having mass.

• Matter exists in three states.

Matter

Section 3.1

Matter

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The Three States of Water

Section 3.2

Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

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• The characteristics of matter that can be changed without changing its composition.

• Characteristics that are directly observable.

Physical Properties

Section 3.2

Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

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• A substance’s ability to form new substances.• The characteristics that determine how the

composition of matter changes as a result of contact with other matter or the influence of energy.

Chemical Properties

Section 3.2

Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

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• Change in the form of a substance, not in its chemical composition.

Physical Change

Section 3.2

Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

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Three States of Water

Section 3.2

Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

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• A given substance becomes a new substance or substances with different properties and different composition.

Chemical Change

Section 3.2

Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

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Electrolysis of Water

Section 3.2

Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

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• Water decomposes to hydrogen and oxygen gases.

Electrolysis of Water

Section 3.2

Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

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Concept Check

How many of the following are examples of a chemical change?

Pulverizing (crushing) rock salt Burning of wood Dissolving of sugar in water Melting a popsicle on a warm summer day

Section 3.2

Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

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1. Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical property.

a. Ethyl alcohol boils at 78oC

b. Sugar ferments to form ethyl alcohol

c. Salt is stable at room temperature, it does not decompose

d. 36 g of salt will dissolve in 100 g of water

2. Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical change.

a. Sugar fermenting to form ethyl alcohol

b. Dissolving of sugar in water

c. Iron metal melting

d. Iron combining with oxygen to form rust

Section 3.3

Elements and Compounds

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• A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical methods.

Element

Section 3.3

Elements and Compounds

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• A substance composed of a given combination of elements that can be broken down into those elements by chemical methods.

Compound

Section 3.4

Mixtures and Pure Substances

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• Always have the same composition.• Either elements or compounds.

Pure Substances

Section 3.4

Mixtures and Pure Substances

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• Have variable composition.• Can be separated into two or more pure

substances: elements and/or compounds.

Mixtures

Section 3.4

Mixtures and Pure Substances

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Section 3.4

Mixtures and Pure Substances

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• A solution. • Having visibly indistinguishable parts.• Does not vary in composition from one region

to another.

Homogeneous Mixture

Section 3.4

Mixtures and Pure Substances

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• Having visibly distinguishable parts.• Contains regions that have different properties

from those of other regions.

Heterogeneous Mixture

Section 3.4

Mixtures and Pure Substances

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Section 3.4

Mixtures and Pure Substances

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Concept Check

Classify each of the following as a pure substance (compound or element) or mixture (homogeneous or heterogeneous).

1. Pure water

2. Gasoline

3. Jar of jelly beans

4. Soil

5. Copper metal

Section 3.5

Separation of Mixtures

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• Mixtures can be separated based on different physical properties of the components.

EvaporationVolatility

ChromatographyAdherence to a surface

FiltrationState of matter

(solid/liquid/gas)

DistillationBoiling point

TechniqueDifferent Physical Property

Section 3.5

Separation of Mixtures

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Distillation of a Solution Consisting of Salt Dissolved in Water

Section 3.5

Separation of Mixtures

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• No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled.

Section 3.5

Separation of Mixtures

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Filtration

• Separates a liquid from a solid.

Section 3.5

Separation of Mixtures

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The Organization of Matter

Section 3.5

Separation of Mixtures

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Summary of Topics: Chapter 3

• States of matter• Chemical and physical properties and changes • Classification of matter• pure substances (compounds & elements) • mixtures (homogeneous & heterogeneous)• Separation methods