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7/31/2019 Chapter 3 - Pidgin, Creole
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PIDGINS
and CREOLES
A1B011041
7/31/2019 Chapter 3 - Pidgin, Creole
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P I D G I N
a simplified speech used for communication between people
with different languages has a rudimentary grammar and
vocabulary and is not spoken as a first or native language,
Also called contact language.
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P I D G I N
Holm (1988, pp. 45) defines a pidgin as : a reduced language that results from extended contact
between groups of people with no language in common; itevolves when they need some means of verbal
communication, perhaps for trade, but no group learns the
native language of any other group for social reasons that
may include lack of trust or of close contact.
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P I D G I N
The creation of a pidgin usually requires:
Prolonged, regular contact between the different
language communities,
A need to communicate between them,
An absence of (or absence of widespread proficiency
in) a widespread, accessible interlanguage.
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P I D G I N
An example of early Hawai'i Pidgin English (HPE)spoken in Honolulu in the late 19th century :
What for Miss Willis laugh all time? Before Fraulein cry
all time.
(Why does Miss Willis often laugh? Fraulein used to always cry.)
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P I D G I N I Z A T I O N
is a complex process of sociolinguistic
change comprising reduction in inner form, with
convergence, in the context of restriction in use.
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P I D G I N I Z A T I O N
The process of pidginization probably requires a situation that involves
at least three languages (Whinnom, 1971), one of which is clearly
dominant over the others. If only two languages are involved, there islikely to be a direct struggle for dominance, as between English and
French in England after 1066, a struggle won in that case by the
socially inferior language but only after more than two centuries of co-
existence.
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C R E O L E
However, if the pidgin is used long enough, it begins to evolve into a
more rich language with a more complex structure and richer vocabulary.
Once the pidgin has evolved and has acquired native speakers ( thechildren learn the pidgin as their first language), it is then called a Creole.
An example of this is the Creole from Papua New Guinea, Tok Pisin,
which has become a National language.
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C R E O L E
A creole is a pidgin language which has become the
mother tone of communitya definition which
emphasizes that pidgins and creoles are two stages
in a single process of linguistic development.
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C R E O L E
A creole is believed to arise when a pidgin, developed by
adults for use as a second language, becomes the native
and primary language of their children a process
known as nativization. The pidgin-creole life cycle was
studied by Hall in the 1960s.
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C R E O L E
Road sign in Guadeloupe
Creolemeaning Slow down.
Children are playing here. The
literal translation is "Lift your
foot. Small people are playing
here".
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe_Creole&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe_Creole&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe_Creole&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe_Creole&action=edit&redlink=17/31/2019 Chapter 3 - Pidgin, Creole
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C R E O L E
In the United States, there is a very well known Creole,
Louisiana Creole, which is derived from French and
African Languages. You most likely have heard of
"Cajun"which is a developed dialect of this Creole.
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C R E O L E
a. mo pe aste sa banan
b. de bin alde luk dat big tri
c. a waka go a wosu
d. olmaan i kas-im chek
e. li pote sa bay mo
f. ja fruher wir bleiben
g. dis smol swain i bin go fo maket
I am buying the banana
they always looked for a big tree
he walked home
the old man is cashing a check
he brought that for me
Yes at first we remained
this little pig went to market
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C R E O L E
a. mo pe aste sa banan
b. de bin alde luk dat big tri
c. a waka go a wosu
d. olmaan i kas-im chek
e. li pote sa bay mo
f. ja fruher wir bleiben
g. dis smol swain i bin go fo maket
French based Seychelles Creole
English based Roper River Creole
English based Saran
English based Cape York Creole
French based Guyanais
German based Papua New Guinea Pidgin German
English based Cameroon Pidgin
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D E C R E O L I Z A T I O N
Decreolizationis the process through which a creole
language gradually becomes more like the standard
language of a region.
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C O N C L U S I O N
The vocabulary of a pidgin or a creole has a great many
similarities to that of the standard language with which it
is associated. However, it will be much more limited, andphonological and morphological simplification often
leads to words assuming somewhat different shapes.