Chapter 3: Settling the Northern

Colonies

Protestant Reformation (pg. 15)

• Revolt vs. authority/Pope & Catholic Church (dominating/corrupt)

• Led to a series of religious wars• Martin Luther• John Calvin• Henry VIII

The Separatists (Pilgrims) (pg. 15)

• Religious Persecution (rejected Anglican) (threat to royalty)

• Holland ($) (identity/Englishmen) (America) (permission, Va. Co.)

• Mayflower Compact (wrong location, jurisdiction) (create government, majority rule)

• Early Hardships (1st winter, 1/2 died) (Squanto) (William Bradford) (fish, furs, lumber) (financially stable) (absorbed by Mass. Bay Colony)

The Massachusetts Bay Colony (pg. 16)

• John Winthrop (Great Migration) (helped settle) (30 years) (“a city upon a hill”)

• Dissenters (? authority) (banish) (Anne Hutchinson) (faith/not deeds) (Antinomianism) (Roger Williams) (Indian land) (equality)

• R.I. (tolerate all religions) (very democratic)

• Native Americans (King Philip’s War) (Chief Metacom) (encroachment) (tribes, land) (thousands killed on both sides) (destroyed, never a threat again)

• New England Confederation (threats: Indians, French, Dutch) (civil war, England) (no help) (temporary military alliance) (disbanded, future alliances?)

• Dominion of New England (James II wants more control) (combine colonies into 1 unit) (dissolve assemblies) (Governor Sir Edmund Andros) (Glorious Revolution) (William & Mary of Orange)

Town Map (N.E.) (pg. 18)

• Role of Religion (expected to attend) (community, centered on church) (2X, women) (understand Bible)

• Halfway Covenant (1st generation, not as committed) (watered down, baptize)

• Toleration of Outsiders & Other Religions (not tolerant of non-Puritans) (Rhode Island, most tolerant) (marry within religion) (arranged marriages) (community more important than the individual)

Early Political Institutions (pg. 19)

• Jamestown (representative) (protect English rights) (1st representative assembly)

• Plymouth (majority rule) (written) (powers & duties of govt.)

• Mass. (Freemen) (male members of Puritan Church) (women & non-Freemen don’t participate in elections)

• Limited Nature of Colonial Democracy (democratic) (many excluded from political process) (male, property) (NO: landless, women, slaves) (Governors, autocratic) (Assemblies, buffer between Governor & people) (some control governors, blackmail)

New York (pg. 20)

• Dutch (New Amsterdam) (joint-stock, Dutch East India Co.) (Governor, Peter Stuyvesant) (Dutch, unhappy) (patroonships)

• Duke of York (brother, King Charles II) (future, James II) (Admiral of Navy) (Conn.-Delaware Bay) (no fight)

• New York (renamed) (taxes & freedoms, better off)• New Jersey (NY too large) (given to 2 friends) (divided)

(religious freedom, Assembly) (sold, mostly to Quakers) (who owns what?) (combine them)

Pennsylvania (pg. 20)

• Quakers (equality, no military) (Religious Society/Friends) (religious authority in soul) (not Bible/religious officials) (seen as a threat) (persecuted/jailed for their beliefs)

• William Penn (Penn (king owes father/favor) (rewards/land) (Penn’s Woods)

• Holy Experiment (Quaker refuge) (liberal ideas/govt.) (make $) (Frame of Government, representative assembly) (Philadelphia) (Indians) (advertise) (land grants/freedom)

Middle Colonies (pg. 21)

• Diversity (people from South/N.E.) (ethnically mixed, nationalities) (different religions) (most problems)

• Economy (fertile soil, large tracts) (not plantations) (corn & grain) (bread colonies) (mixed economy) (agriculture, trade, & industry)

Mercantilism (pg. 23)• Definition & Purpose (exploitation) (regulate trade)

(wealth: gold, political, military)• Acts/Trade & Navigation (trade, English ships only)

(enumerated goods, exported to England only) (can’t trade w/ foreign countries)

• Enforcement of Acts (lax) (officials, corrupt/inept) (smuggling, way of doing business)

• Impact on Colonies– Positive (New England shipping prospered)

(tobacco, monopoly in England) (English protection)– Negative (colonial manufacturing severely limited)

(farmers got low prices for their crops) (colonists pay high prices for English goods)