CHAPTER 3 SOCIAL STUDIES 11

INTO THE GREAT DEPRESSION

GROWTH AND DISCONTENT

With the war over, 250,000 Canadians hunt for jobs.

Unions had grown during the war but times were now tough.

One Big Union was promised by labour leaders (a Canadian Russian Revolution)

General Strike in Winnipeg spreads to Vancouver

UNREST

June 21, 1919, Bloody Sunday in Winnipeg.

Labour union membership began to drop. Wheat prices fell from $3.15 to $1.11 per

bushel (Morton, 1988, p.70) Interest rates were raised to stop

inflation. C.N.R. freight rates raised. Maritimes

hammered.

HALIBUT TREATY

1923 First treaty Canada signs on her

own. With the U.S.A. Shows independence

THE KING BYNG CONFRONTATION

Lord Byng, Governor-General of Canada, refused to dissolve parliament after King’s ministers were implicated in an alcohol smuggling scandal.

King attempted to avoid the responsibility of a corrupt government.

Meighen takes office

The Wall Street Crash

Stock Prices rose Investment trusts compounded

the inflation of the stocks.

PRIME MINISTER BENNETT King, “Not a five cent piece to provinces

led by Conservatives.” “Unemployment is a provincial problem.”

1930 King out. Bennett in Bennett brings in the highest tariffs since

1879 (Morton, 1988, p.81) Bennett created the Bank of Canada.

President Herbert Hoover the government

knew that the market was about to crash. Even a newly published weekly called NEWSWEEK predicted a stock market crash.

The government did not get involved because it was not its job (Capitalist Gov. = hands off business.) and anything the government said could cause the crash

Oct. 24, 1929 (Black Thursday)

Stock prices crash.J.P. Morgan and others try to

instill confidence in the market by buying millions of dollars worth of stocks. The market settles.

Oct. 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday) Market collapses. The "Great Crash"

has occurred. 40 billion dollars disappeared from the

economy. Any company investing in stocks lost that money. (banks, factories, individuals, and companies who had their money in bank that had been investing in marginal stocks)

Herbert Hoover - Capitalist 1930 Hawley-Smoot Tariff Bill Largest

example of U.S. Protectionist. large tariffs on imports to save U.S. Jobs. World trade slows. Massive unemployment. Hoover brings in Reconstruction Finance

Corporation. $2 Billion given to industry to create jobs. (Hoover will not give direct aid to unemployed - not capitalist). RFC a failure.

Hoovervilles spring up.

shanty towns.Hooverblankets

newspapers used as blankets.

1931 Hoover announced a moratorium

Moratorium on international government debts because both Austria and Germany were close to financial collapse.

This sent other nations depending on these payments into chaos.

1932 Worst year of Depression

25% unemployment

THE DUST BOWL

Bonus March(1932) veterans of WW1 protest to receive

benefits early. Douglas MacArthur sent to put it

down. Doug gets overly enthusiastic. Uses tanks and cavalry.

Hoover can't admit he lost control of MacArthur. Takes blame.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt - socialist.

1932 wins election promising the American people a "New Deal".

Uses line from H.D. Thoreau and states: "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself."

Roosevelt has a special session of Congress called

"The Hundred Days".deals with the "Three R's" -

Recovery, Relief, Reform.several Federal Agencies

created.

Called "Bank Holiday"

only solvent banks reopen.Federal Deposit Insurance

Corporation Created (FDIC). Bank deposits (up to $1500) insured to instill confidence in banks.

Agricultural Adjustment Act:

output restricted/force prices upproduction quotas1935 unconstitutional.

National Industrial Recovery Act:

same as AAA only industrial restricted output1935 unconstitutional.

Wagner Act 1933

trade unions protected.National Labour Relations Act

(striking legal [2nd ND] 1935)

Tennessee Valley Authority1st time gov. Went into direct

competition with the private sector.

hydro-electric dams in 7 states.supply cheap power to spur

economic development.

Civilian Conservation Corps

young men given jobs in "make-work projects"

direct involvement/handouts!

Works Progress Administration.

"Make work" included the arts.La Guardia airport created.Orson Wells "Black MacBeth"

funded.More handouts. -1935 2nd ND

Social Security Act 1935 old age pension/unemployment

insurance/welfare. 1937 considered unconstitutional Roosevelt threatens to increase Supreme

Court from 9 to 15, thereby bypassing the "9 Old Men" (creating a democratic dicatorship because anything Roosevelt wanted to do would be constitutional)

SSA stays / Supreme Court remains at 9

BENNETT’S PLAN

The New DealMake work projectsBennettburghsBennett Buggy

MAJOR-GENERAL A.G.L. McNAUGHTON

1932 McNaughton was put in charge of the RELIEF CAMPS

A man could be fed, housed and clothed for one dollar a day including 20 cents a day pay.

RIDING THE RODS

PROTEST THE RELIEF CAMPS.

BIBLE BILL ABERHART

Led the Social Credit Party The difference between what a

man made and what he needed to live should be made up by the government.

The difference was called the Social Credit.

J.S. WOODSWORTH

Founder of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1932

1933 Regina Manifesto

REGINA MANIFESTO

planned economy control banks ownership of essential services labour code publicly organised medical

services

1937 Business Wants Roosevelt and his socialist ways out of the economy.

economy appears strongeconomy wants Roosevelt to

close down his programs. He does.

Economy collapses.

1939 Threat of WW2 bringing the U.S.A. Out of the Great

Depression.

MAURICE DUPLESSIS

1936 became Premier of Quebec Instituted PADLOCK LAW.

lock any building used for “communistic” purposes

Used it to attack opponents.

THE END

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