Chapter 3 The U.S. Constitution

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11

CIVICSCIVICS IN PRACTICEIN PRACTICEHOLTHOLT

Chapter 3Chapter 3

The U.S. ConstitutionThe U.S. Constitution

Section 1:Section 1: Ideals of the ConstitutionSection 2:Section 2: The Three Branches of GovernmentSection 3:Section 3: An Enduring Document



Section 1:Section 1: Ideals of the ConstitutionIdeals of the ConstitutionThe Main Idea

The Constitution is an agreement between the citizens of the Untied States and the government that the people will grant powers to the government. In return, the government is to

carry out the goals of the Constitution.

Reading Focus How did the Pilgrims influence the framers of the

Constitution? What are the goals of the U.S. government as outlined in the

Constitution? What are the powers the Constitution gives to the federal and

state governments?



A. Pilgrims influenced the FramersA. Pilgrims influenced the Framers1. Mayflower1. Mayflower2. Mayflower Compact2. Mayflower Compact

a. Individual rightsa. Individual rightsb. Consentb. Consent

Section 1:Section 1: Ideals of the ConstitutionIdeals of the Constitution



B. Government of the PeopleB. Government of the People1. “We the People” (Preamble)1. “We the People” (Preamble)2. Popular sovereignty2. Popular sovereignty




C. Goals of the U.S. ConstitutionC. Goals of the U.S. Constitution1. Limited Government1. Limited Government2. Majority rule / minority rights2. Majority rule / minority rights




C. Goals of the U.S. ConstitutionC. Goals of the U.S. Constitution3. Six goals of the constitution3. Six goals of the constitutiona. Form a more perfect uniona. Form a more perfect unionb. Establish justiceb. Establish justicec. Insure domestic tranquilityc. Insure domestic tranquilityd. Provide for the common defensed. Provide for the common defensee. Promote the general welfaree. Promote the general welfaref. Secure the blessings of liberty f. Secure the blessings of liberty




D. Powers of Federal and State D. Powers of Federal and State Governments Governments

1. Framers past experiences1. Framers past experiences2. Federalist system2. Federalist system

a. Federal governmenta. Federal governmentb. State governmentsb. State governmentsc. Strong pointsc. Strong points




E. Federal Government PowersE. Federal Government Powers

1. Delegated1. Delegated2. Powers given to the Federal government2. Powers given to the Federal governmenta. Regulate tradea. Regulate tradef. Govern territoryf. Govern territoryb. Coin moneyb. Coin money g. Foreign relationsg. Foreign relationsc. Declare warc. Declare war h. Raise/support armyh. Raise/support armyd. Admit new statesd. Admit new statese. Establish post officese. Establish post offices



F. State Government PowersF. State Government Powers1. Reserved1. Reserved2. Powers 2. Powers a. Regulate trade within statea. Regulate trade within stateb. Hold electionsb. Hold electionsc. Incorporate businessesc. Incorporate businessesd. Issue licensesd. Issue licensese. Establish local governmentse. Establish local governmentsf. Provide for: public safety, health, welfaref. Provide for: public safety, health, welfare



G. Shared PowersG. Shared Powers1. Concurrent1. Concurrent

a. Make and collect taxesa. Make and collect taxesb. Borrow moneyb. Borrow moneyc. Make and enforce lawsc. Make and enforce lawsd. Establish courtsd. Establish courtse. Provide for the general welfaree. Provide for the general welfare



Question: Why did the Constitution establish separate powers for the state and federal governments?

to keep each from getting

too strongstate

governmentfederal

government

SECTION 1



The Main IdeaThe Constitution prevents any person, or any part of the government, from taking too much power. It does this by creating three separate branches of the federal government

and distributing power among them.

Reading Focus Why does the Constitution provide for the separation of

powers? What are the main responsibilities of each of the three

branches of government? How does the system of checks and balances work?

Section 2:Section 2: The Three Branches of GovernmentThe Three Branches of Government



A. Separation of PowersA. Separation of Powers1. Shield against tyranny1. Shield against tyranny




B. Legislative Branch—US CongressB. Legislative Branch—US Congress1. Comprised of :1. Comprised of :a. Senate a. Senate b. House of Representativesb. House of Representatives2. Lawmaking arm of government2. Lawmaking arm of government3. Controls flow of money3. Controls flow of money




C. Executive BranchC. Executive Branch1. President is head of executive branch1. President is head of executive branch2. Executes / carries out laws2. Executes / carries out laws3. Includes:3. Includes:a. 15 executive departmentsa. 15 executive departmentsb. State and Treasuryb. State and Treasuryc. Homeland Security in 2002c. Homeland Security in 2002




D. Judicial BranchD. Judicial Branch1. Interprets laws passed by Congress1. Interprets laws passed by Congress2. Sets punishment2. Sets punishment3. Supreme Court head of Judicial 3. Supreme Court head of Judicial




E. Checks and Balances:E. Checks and Balances:1. Framers influenced by Montesquieu1. Framers influenced by Montesquieu2. Each branch can limit / check other branches 2. Each branch can limit / check other branches so no one branch is too powerful so no one branch is too powerful




E. Checks and Balances:E. Checks and Balances:3. Executive Checks3. Executive Checksa. Vetoa. Veto4. Legislative Checks4. Legislative Checks5. Judicial Checks (originally not determined)5. Judicial Checks (originally not determined)a. Judicial reviewa. Judicial reviewi. Marbury v. Madison i. Marbury v. Madison




Question: Why does the Constitution provide for the separation of powers?

SECTION 2

to ensure that no one branch of the U.S. government becomes too powerful

Executive

Legislative Judicial



The Main IdeaThe Constitution is an enduring document that has met

the needs of a changing country for more than 200 years.

Reading Focus How did the framers envision change when writing

the Constitution? What are two ways in which the Constitution may be

changed?

Section 3:Section 3: An Enduring DocumentAn Enduring Document



A. Changing the ConstitutionA. Changing the Constitution

1. Difficult process—meant to survive politics 1. Difficult process—meant to survive politics and temporary changes in public opinionand temporary changes in public opinion2. “Living” document2. “Living” document3. Can be changed formally and informally3. Can be changed formally and informally




B. Amendment ProcessB. Amendment Process

1. Amendment is a formal change1. Amendment is a formal change2. Approved by ¾ of the states2. Approved by ¾ of the states3. Only successful 27 times in 225+ years3. Only successful 27 times in 225+ years




B. Amendment ProcessB. Amendment Process

4. Amendment proposed in two ways4. Amendment proposed in two waysa. 2/3 vote in both houses of Congressa. 2/3 vote in both houses of Congressb. 2/3 of state legislatures ask Congress b. 2/3 of state legislatures ask Congress

for for a national convention (34)a national convention (34)




B. Amendment ProcessB. Amendment Process5. Ratification process in two ways5. Ratification process in two waysa. Proposed amendment sent to state a. Proposed amendment sent to state

legislatureslegislaturesb. Proposed amendment sent to state b. Proposed amendment sent to state conventionconventionc. Amendment ratified by ¾ of states (38)c. Amendment ratified by ¾ of states (38)




C. Interpretation of the Constitution C. Interpretation of the Constitution 1. Changes can be made by custom and tradition1. Changes can be made by custom and traditiona. Cabineta. Cabinet2. Congress can interpret Constitution to decide2. Congress can interpret Constitution to decide social issuessocial issues3. Supreme Court interpretation of 3. Supreme Court interpretation of Congressional actionCongressional action




• What are the six goals of government as stated in the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution?

• What are the three branches of the federal government, and what are their primary responsibilities?

• How does the system of checks and balances in the federal government work?

• What makes the Constitution of the United States a living document?

• How can the Constitution be amended?

Chapter 3 Wrap-Up

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Chapter 3 The U.S. Constitution

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