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Forests were full of riches...
► Hunting
► Sawmills developed near port cities
► Shipbuilding industry
Towns and Villages
► Due to Puritan beliefs, New England developed small towns and villages
► At the center of each village was a common... nearby stood the meetinghouse where
Puritans worshiped and held town meetings
► This encouraged the growth of democratic ideas
Puritans in Massachusetts Bay
► Like the Pilgrims, the Puritans had disagreements with the Church of England
► Many decided to leave England and journey to North America
► In 1629, 900 Puritans were given a charter to settle in what is now Massachusetts and New Hampshire
►Their leader was John Winthrop, a respected lawyer and landowner
► The plan was to build a new society in New England based on biblical laws and teachings
► It was known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony and it attracted many settlers to New England
► Some settlers dissatisfied with Puritan rule founded two new colonies:
Rhode Island and Connecticut
The Middle Colonies(New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania)
► Originally, these were established as proprietary colonies
► The king gave land to one or more people called proprietors
► These people were free to divide the land and rent it to others
► They made laws but had to respect the rights of colonists under British law
► In 1664, England took over the Dutch colony of New Netherlands along the Hudson
River during wartime
► This land was divided into New York and New Jersey
New York and New Jersey
► Quakers believed that all people were equal… men and women, nobles and commoners
► Penn's “holy experiment”… he wanted it to be a model of religious freedom, peace, and Christian living
► Protestants, Catholics, and Jews went to PA to escape persecution
► Philadelphia became the most populated city in the English colonies
The Middle Colonies► Very diverse compared to the New England or
Southern Colonies (immigrants poured into this region)
► Rich and fertile river valleys (Hudson and Delaware Rivers)
► Larger farms than in New England
► Cash crops were grown (wheat, barley, rye)
► Cattle and pigs
► Houses were far apart so towns were less important than in New England... Counties became the center of local government
The Backcountry
► Many German and Scotch-Irish immigrants settled in this region
► Conflict sometimes arose between these settlers and the Native Americans
► Maryland was created as a colony where Catholics could practice their religion freely
(Lord Baltimore was the proprietor)
Colonists arrive at Maryland…the first proprietary colony
► North Carolina was settled by poor tobacco farmers from Virginia
► South Carolina became a major exporter of rice
The Southern Colonies
► Major tobacco-growing areas
(also rice and indigo)
► On plantations, enslaved Africans did most of the work...bringing their farming skills from Africa
► The earliest plantations were located along rivers of the coastal plain
► The region was known as the Tidewater
► Farther inland, planters settled along rivers
► Most large coastal plantations had their own docks
► Few large seaport cities developed in the Southern Colonies
The Backcountry South ► Inland area at the base of the Appalachian Mountains
► This region was more democratic than the Tidewater
Colonial Social Classes
At the top of society as the gentry(wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, lawyers, & royal officials)
Critical Thinking1. Forecasting: Why do you think tensions might
have developed between people who lived in the backcountry and those who lived in the Tidewater region?
2. Analyzing a Primary Source: “The sale of human beings in the market on board ships goes like
this. English, Dutch, and Germans come on board to choose among the healthy passengers… Adults bind themselves to serve anywhere from 3 to 6 years. Young people must serve until they are 21 years old.”
Does this passage refer to indentured servants or to enslaved Africans? How can you tell?