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CHAPTER 31
INPATIENT CODING
Copyright © 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2002 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Slide 2
Selection of Inpatient Principal Diagnosis
• Condition established after study (tests)
• Chiefly responsible for patient admission
• Applies to all non-outpatient settings
– Acute care, short term, long-term and psychiatric hospitals
– Home health agencies; Rehab facilities; Nursing homes, etc.
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Selection of Inpatient Principal Procedure
• Code from ICD-9-CM Volume 3
• Principal procedure is:
– Definitive treatment rather than
• Diagnostic or exploratory
– Necessary to take care of a complication
– If two procedures meet criteria
• Report one most closely related to principal diagnosis
(Cont’d…)
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Selection of Inpatient Principal Procedure
(…Cont’d)
Procedure is significant if it:
• Is surgical in nature
• Carries a procedural risk
• Carries an anesthetic risk
• Requires specialized training
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Diagnosis and Services
• Diagnosis and procedure MUST correlate
• Medical necessity must be established through documentation
• No correlation = No reimbursement
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Section II.A. Symptoms, Signs, and Ill-Defined Conditions
• Inpatient coders do NOT code when definitive diagnosis has been established
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Section II.B. Two or More Interrelated Conditions
• Two or more interrelated conditions exist
• Either could be principal diagnosis
• Either sequenced first
• Unless indicated otherwise by:
– Circumstances of the admission
– Therapy provided
– Tabular List of Alphabetic Index
(Cont’d…)
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Section II.B. Example of Interrelated Conditions
(…Cont’d)
• Mitral valve stenosis and coronary artery disease (two interrelated conditions)
– Either can be principal diagnosis
– Either sequenced first
• MVS and CAD
• CAD and MVS
– Resource intensiveness affects choice
• Mitral valve stenosis is presumed by ICD-9-CM to be of rheumatic origin
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Section II.C. Two or More Equal Diagnoses
• Either can be sequenced first
– Example: Diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis and dehydration if both are treated
• VG and D
• D and VG
• If only dehydration is aggressively treated with IV fluids and the VG is treated with oral meds, sequence dehydration first
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Section II.D. Comparative or Contrasting Conditions• “Either/or” diagnoses
– Code as confirmed in the inpatient setting
• If determination CANNOT be made, either can be sequenced first
• Example: Pneumonia or lung cancer can be either
• P or LC
• LC or P
– If both aggressively treated
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Section II.E. Symptom(s) Followed by Contrasting/Comparative Diagnosis
• Symptom code sequenced first
• Then other diagnoses
• Example: Patient admitted for chest pain, either gastric reflux or peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
– Sequence first chest pain
– Followed by gastric reflux or PUD
– Rule: code first underlying condition causing the symptom
– If it is necessary to code symptom to explain resources used, code also
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Section II.F. Original Treatment Plan Not Carried Out
• Principal diagnosis becomes
– Condition that after study was reason for admission as inpatient
– Treatment does NOT have to be carried out for condition
(Cont’d…)
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Section II.F. Example
(…Cont’d)
• Patient admitted for elective surgery, develops pneumonia, surgery canceled
– Code reason for surgery first
– Code “Surgical or other procedure NOT carried out because of contraindication” (V64.1)
– Also code pneumonia
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Section II.G. Complications of Surgery and Other Medical Care• If admission is for treatment of a
complication from surgery or other medical care
– Sequence complication code as principal diagnosis
– If complication is classified to 996-999 series
• and code lacks specificity to describe complication
• an additional code for the specific complication should be assigned
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Section II.H. Uncertain Diagnosis
• If diagnosis at time of discharge states:
– “probable,” “suspected,” “likely,” “questionable,” “possible,” or “rule out”
– Code condition as if condition existed until proven otherwise (inpatient facilities code this)
– Physicians report a definitive diagnosis or signs/symptoms
(Cont’d…)
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Section II.H. “Cough and fever, probably pneumonia”(…Cont’d)
• Inpatient: Code pneumonia, do NOT code cough and fever
• Outpatient: Code cough and fever, do NOT code pneumonia
– Code symptoms in outpatient setting if a definitive diagnosis is not documented
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Section II.H. Uncertain Diagnosis
• Two exceptions
– Code 042 AIDS should only be assigned for confirmed cases
– Code 488.02 Avian influenza should only be assigned for confirmed cases
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Section II.I. Admission from Observation Unit
• Patient admitted to observation for medical condition which worsens or does not improve
• Patient admitted to same hospital for same condition
• Principal diagnosis is medical condition which led to admission
(Cont’d…)
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Section II.I. Admission from Observation Unit
• Patient admitted to observation to monitor condition (complication) following outpatient surgery
• Is then subsequently admitted as an inpatient to same facility
• Principal diagnosis is “that condition established after study to be chiefly responsible for occasioning the admission of the patient to the hospital for care”
(…Cont’d)
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Section II.J. Admission from Outpatient Surgery
• Patient receives surgery in the outpatient surgery department
• Is subsequently admitted for continuing inpatient care
• Guidelines for assigning principal diagnosis for inpatient admission:
(Cont’d …)
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Section II.J. Admission from Outpatient Surgery
(…Cont’d)
– If admission is due to a complication, assign the complication as principal diagnosis
– If no complication or medical condition is documented as reason for admission, assign the reason for the outpatient surgery as the principal diagnosis
– If admission is for another condition unrelated to the surgery, assign code for unrelated condition as principal diagnosis
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Section III. Reporting Additional Diagnoses
• Definition of “other diagnoses” are additional conditions that affect patient care requiring:
– Clinical evaluation or
– Therapeutic treatment or
– Diagnostic procedures or
– Extended length of hospital stay or
– Increased nursing care and/or monitoring(Cont’d…)
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Section III. Reporting Additional Diagnoses
Guidelines when neither Alphabetic Index nor Tabular List provide direction:
• Diagnosis reported in discharge summary should be coded
• Resolved conditions or status-post procedures from previous admissions that do not have bearing on current stay, should not be coded
• History codes (V10-V19) if impact on current care or influences treatment
(…Cont’d)
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Section III.B. Abnormal Findings
• Abnormal findings of laboratory, x-ray, pathologic and other diagnostic tests:
– Not reported unless provider indicates their clinical significance
– If findings are outside normal range and provider has ordered other tests to evaluate condition or treatment, query provider if abnormal finding should be reported
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Section III.C. Uncertain Diagnosis
• If diagnosis documented at time of discharge, is listed as:
– “probable,” “suspected,” “likely,” “questionable,” “possible,” “still to be ruled out” or similar uncertain wording
– Code condition as if it existed
– Basis is that diagnostic workup, further workup and initial therapeutic approach will correspond to the established diagnosis
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ICD-10-PCS
• Will replace Volume 3, Procedures of ICD-9-CM, Oct 1, 2013
• Currently being piloted
• Four objectives guide development:– Completeness
– Expandability
– Multiaxial
– Standardized terminology
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ConclusionCHAPTER 31
INPATIENT CODING