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Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

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Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.
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Page 1: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Chapter 35Serway & Jewett 6th Ed.

Page 2: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

How to View LightHow to View Light

As a ParticleAs a Particle

As a RayAs a Ray As a WaveAs a Wave

Page 3: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

The limit of geometric (ray) optics, valid for lenses, mirrors, etc.

What happens to a plane wave passing through an aperture?

Point SourceGenerates spherical

Waves

Page 4: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Surface of constant phaseFor fixed t, when kx = constant

B

E

x

y

z

cos (kx - t){ }Eo

Bo

Page 5: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

1 n1 = 2 n21 n1 = 2 n2

Index of Refraction

o

n

nvac

medium

Page 6: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.
Page 7: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

When material absorbs light at a particular frequency,the index of refraction can become smaller than 1!

When material absorbs light at a particular frequency,the index of refraction can become smaller than 1!

Page 8: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.
Page 9: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Reflection and Refraction

Page 10: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Oct. 18, 2004

Page 11: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refractionin the limit of Ray Optics

Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refractionin the limit of Ray Optics

1. Huygens’s Principle

2. Fermat’s Principle

3. Electromagnetic Wave Boundary Conditions

1. Huygens’s Principle

2. Fermat’s Principle

3. Electromagnetic Wave Boundary Conditions

Page 12: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Huygens’s PrincipleHuygens’s Principle

Page 13: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Fig 35-17a, p.1108

Huygens’s PrincipleHuygens’s Principle

All points on a wave front act as new sources for the production of spherical secondary waves

All points on a wave front act as new sources for the production of spherical secondary waves

k

Page 14: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Reflection According to Huygens

Reflection According to Huygens

Side-Side-SideAA’C ADC

1 = 1’

Side-Side-SideAA’C ADC

1 = 1’

Incoming ray Outgoing ray

Page 15: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Refraction

Page 16: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Fig 35-19, p.1109

Page 17: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

v1 = c in medium n1=1 and

v2 = c/n2 in medium n2 > 1.

Show via Huygens’s Principle Snell’s Law

Page 18: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refractionin the limit of Ray Optics

Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refractionin the limit of Ray Optics

Huygens’s Principle

2. Fermat’s Principle

3. Electromagnetic Wave Boundary Conditions

Huygens’s Principle

2. Fermat’s Principle

3. Electromagnetic Wave Boundary Conditions

Page 19: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Fermat’s Principle and ReflectionFermat’s Principle and Reflection

A light ray traveling from one fixed point to another will followa path such that the time required is an extreme point – either amaximum or a minimum.

Page 20: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Fig 35-31, p.1115

Page 21: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2

Snell’s Law

n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2

Snell’s Law

Rules for Reflection and RefractionRules for Reflection and Refraction

Page 22: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Optical Path Length (OPL)

When n constant, OPL = n geometric length.

nvac vac

LLn > 1n = 1

For n = 1.5, OPL is

50% larger than L

For n = 1.5, OPL is

50% larger than L

P

SdxxnOPL )(

S P

Page 23: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Fermat’s Principle, Revisited

A ray of light in going from point S to point Pwill travel an optical path (OPL) that minimizes the OPL. That is, it is stationary with respect to variations in the OPL.

Page 24: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refractionin the limit of Ray Optics

Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refractionin the limit of Ray Optics

Huygens’s Principle Fermat’s Principle

3. Electromagnetic Wave Boundary Conditions

Huygens’s Principle Fermat’s Principle

3. Electromagnetic Wave Boundary Conditions

Page 25: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

ki = (ki,x,ki,y) kr = (kr,x,kr,y) kt = (kt,x,kt,y)

Page 26: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Fig 35-22, p.1110

Page 27: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.
Page 28: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Fig 35-25, p.1111

Page 29: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Fig 35-24, p.1110

Page 30: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Fig 35-23, p.1110

Page 31: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Total Internal Reflection

Slide 56 Fig 35-27, p.1113

Page 32: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Total Internal

Reflection

Page 33: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

p.1114

Page 34: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

p.1114

Page 35: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Fig 35-30, p.1114

Page 36: Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.. How to View Light As a Particle As a Ray As a Wave.

Fig 35-29, p.1114


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