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Chapter 4

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Chapter 4 . Professionalism and Understanding Standard Recipes. A professional is responsible for…. Themselves Co-Workers The Business Their Guests. Culinarian. Is someone who has studied and continues to study the art of cooking. . Key Terms: Knowledge. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 4 Professionalism and Understanding Standard Recipes
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Page 1: Chapter 4

Chapter 4 Professionalism and Understanding Standard Recipes

Page 2: Chapter 4

A professional is responsible for…1. Themselves

2. Co-Workers

3. The Business

4. Their Guests

Page 3: Chapter 4

CulinarianIs someone who has studied and continues to study the art of cooking.

Page 4: Chapter 4

Key Terms: Knowledge• Must identify, purchase, utilize, and prepare a wide variety of

foods

• Required to train and supervise staff

• Basic knowledge of foods, food styles, and the methods used to prepare foods

• Sanitation, nutrition, and business procedures

• Education does not stop at commencement

Page 5: Chapter 4

Key Terms: Skill• Practice and hands-on experience provides the skills

necessary to produce quality foods consistently and efficiently

• Most graduates start at entry-level positions

• Just as fashion trends change, so does food trends

Page 6: Chapter 4

Key Terms: Flavor, Taste, Aroma• Professional chefs are judged on the ability to produce the finest flavors,

manipulating tastes, and aromas

• It is critical that culinary professionals understand how flavor, aroma and taste work together

• Flavor- refers to all the sensations produced by whatever is in the mouth but mostly the food’s aroma and taste

• Aroma- many things create aroma. Smells trigger sensors in the nose that send them to connect with our emotion receptors

• Taste- refers to our ability to identify substances like food, minerals, and even poisons

• Umami- Savory

Page 7: Chapter 4

Tongue MapOld and Modern

Page 8: Chapter 4

Key Terms: Judgment and DedicationJudgment

• Selecting menu items, determining how much of what item to order, deciding whether and how to combine ingredients, approving finished items

• Knowledge and skill play a huge role in judgment

Dedication

• Foodservice industry is competitive full of demands

• Physically and mentally taxing, long hours, hectic pace

Page 9: Chapter 4

Key Terms: Pride and RespectPride

• Extends to personal appearance and behavior in and around the kitchen

• Crowning element in the uniform is the toque (toke). 101 pleats refer to the different ways to prepare eggs

Respect

• Having consideration for oneself and others

• Respect for ingredients, guests, and coworkers

Page 10: Chapter 4

Key Terms: Personal Responsibility• A person is responsible for the choices he or she makes

• Accepting accountability and remain in control

Examples:

• Doing work without making excuses

• Take responsibility for your mistakes and be willing to correct them

• Asking for help

• Being punctual

• Take extra steps to learn

Page 11: Chapter 4

WorkstationsIs a work area in the kitchen dedicated to a particular task

Page 12: Chapter 4

Workstations• Hot-foods section (fry station, griddle station, holding, etc)

• Garde-manger (salad greens, salad prep, cold foods prep, etc)

• Bakery section (mixing station, baking and cooling, etc)

• Banquet section (steam cooking, dry-heat cooking (roasting)

• Short-order section (holding and plating, fry and griddle station)

• Beverage section (hot, cold, and alcoholic station)

Page 13: Chapter 4

Kitchen BrigadeA brigade is a system of staffing a kitchen so that each worker is assigned a set of specific tasks• Tasks are often related by cooking method, equipment or the types of foods

Page 14: Chapter 4

Dining Room Brigade• Front of the house staff that is typically run and trained by the dining-room manager (maitre-d)

• Wine steward

• Headwaiter

• Captains

• Front waiter

• Back waiter

Page 15: Chapter 4

Kitchen Math• All foodservice managers are expected to have a basic understanding of math and know how to apply mathematical principles to business situations

Chefs and managers need to know how to:

• determine recipe yields,

• convert recipes from customary to metric measure,

•and change the yield of recipes

Page 16: Chapter 4

US Measurement Systems

Customary (US) Units of Measure

Volume Weight Temperature LengthTeaspoon (tsp)Tablespoon (Tbsp)Cup (cup)Fluid ounce (fl. oz.)Pint (pt)Quart (qt)Gallon (gal)

Ounce (oz)Pound (lb)

Degrees Fahrenheit (F)

Inches (in)

Page 17: Chapter 4

Metric Measurement Systems

Metric Units of MeasureVolume Weight Temperature LengthMilliliter (mill)Liter (l)

Milligram (mg)Gram (g)Kilogram (kg)

Degrees Celsius (C)

Millimeter (mm)Centimeter (cm)Meter (m)

Page 18: Chapter 4

Units of Measure (US) EquivalenciesVolume1 gallon 128 fluid

ounces4 quarts 16 cups 256

Tbsp768 tsp

1 quart 2 pints 4 cups 64 Tbsp 192 tsp1 pint 16 fluid

ounces2 cups 32 Tbsp 96 tsp

1 cup 8 fluid ounces

16 Tbsp 48 tsp

1Tbsp 3 tsp 1 fluid ounce

2 Tbsp

Page 19: Chapter 4

Standardized RecipesWhat is the difference between a recipe and a standardized recipe?

A recipe is a written record of the ingredients and preparation steps needed to make a particular dish

A standardized recipe must follow a specific format that is clear to anyone that reads it

• Mise en place- French for “to put everything into its place”

Page 20: Chapter 4

Standardized RecipesA standardized recipe must include the following items:

1. Name

2. Ingredients: Must be specific. Ex: “onion” becomes “white onion”

3. Yield

4. Portion Size

5. Step-by-step instructions

6. Nutrition information

Page 21: Chapter 4

Converting RecipesConvert a recipe when the yield of the recipe (the amount it provides) is not the same as the amount needed.

Desired Yield ÷ Original Yield = Conversion Factor

Conversion factor is the number you use to multiply the ingredients by

EX: If a chili recipe serves 8 and you only need 4...

8 ÷ 4 = 0.5 CF

Page 22: Chapter 4

Measuring by Volume•Volume measurement is best used for liquids

•Standard measuring cups include...

1 cup, ½ cup, 1/3 cup, and ¼ cup

•Standard measuring spoons include...

1 tablespoons, 1 teaspoon, ½ teaspoon, ¼ teaspoon

Page 23: Chapter 4

MeasuringDry Measuring

1. Fill cup with ingredients

2. Level off the top of the cup using a straight-edge (not your fingers)

Liquid Measuring

3. Set the measuring cup on a level surface

4. Get at eye level and pour liquid into the cup

**For small amounts of liquid, use measuring spoons

Page 24: Chapter 4

Measuring by Weight•Taring: weighing an item and accounting for the weight of the container

• Spring Scale: measures the pressure placed on the spring

• Balance Beam Scale: (Baker’s Scale): the weight of the item is placed on one end and the product is placed on the other end until the beam balances

• Electronic Scale: measures resistance electronically

Page 25: Chapter 4

Measuring FatFat, such as butter, margarine, or shortening can be measured in the following ways...

1. Stick Method: fat that comes in ½ lb sticks. The wrapper is marked in tablespoons and fractions of a cup

2. Dry Measuring Cup Method: pack down the fat into the cup and level off the top (use the same method when using a measuring spoon)

3. Water Displacement Method: Involves combining fat with water in a liquid measuring cup.

Subtract the amount of fat to be measured from one cup. The difference is the amount of water to pour into the measuring cup

EX: for 2/3 cup shortening, start out with 1/3 cup water.

Page 26: Chapter 4

SiftingA process that removes lumps from an ingredient and gives it a smoother consistency.

Always sift before measuring.

Page 27: Chapter 4

EP/AP• Edible Portion (EP) is the amount from the untrimmed item

• As Purchased (AP) is the amount of ingredient you need to purchase

• Percentage Yield how much the product yields, how much is still usable after trimming

• Equation:

EP x percentage yield = AP

EX: A recipe calls for 4 pounds of cauliflower. Cauliflower has a % yield of 55% (pg. 255-256).

4 x .55 = 7.27 pounds

7.27 pounds needs to be purchased in order to get the 4 pounds to cook

Page 28: Chapter 4

Costing Recipes• Other essentials to quantity in food production are standard recipe cost and cost per serving (standard portion cost)

•To find the total cost of a recipe, a manager must know both the ingredient amounts needed and the market price of each item

• Multiply or divide the ingredient amounts by the prices and add it all up together to get the recipe cost

• Divide the total cost by the yield to get the standard portion cost

Page 29: Chapter 4

Costing a RecipeIngredient Amount x Unit

CostIngredient Cost

Orange Juice 1 cup ×Olive Oil 1 oz ×Roma Tomato 3 ×Green Pepper 1 ×Mango 1 ×Cilantro 1 bunch ×Avocado 1 ×Flour Tortilla 1 ×

RECIPE COST: $

Page 30: Chapter 4

Costing a RecipeIngredient Amount Ingredient CostOrange Juice 1 cup $2.40Olive Oil 1 oz $8.00Roma Tomato 3 .90 ¢Green Pepper 1 $1.00Mango 1 $1.50Cilantro 1 bunch .50¢Avocado 1 $1.00Flour Tortilla 1 $1.20

RECIPE COST: $16.50


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