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US HISTORYChapter 4Life in the American Colonies
(1607-1770)
Lesson 1 – Colonial Economy
• New England Colonies– Most people lived in
towns– Farming was main
economic activity– Long winters and thin,
rocky soil made large scale farming difficult
– Most were subsistence farmers grew only enough food to meet their own family’s needs
Lesson 1 – Colonial Economy
• New England Colonies– Shipbuilding & fishing
were very important as well
– Grand Banks – area off coast of Newfoundland (one of the best fishing areas in the world)
Lesson 1 – Colonial Economy
• The Middle Colonies– Mild climate & fertile soil
made farming more profitable
– Cash crops – foods that are grown to be sold
– Philadelphia & New York City become major ports
– Area was much more diverse…contained British, German, Dutch, Swedish, & other immigrants
Lesson 1 – Colonial Economy
• The Southern Colonies– Warm climate & rich soil
made Southern colonies best place for large-scale farming
– Most settlers in the South made their money from agriculture & little industry developed
– Tobacco & rice are two major cash crops…both use slave labor
Lesson 1 – Colonial Economy
AppalachianMountains
Atlantic Ocean
Backcountry
Smaller Farms
• More people• Struggled economically
Tidewater
Plantations
• Fewer people• Wealthy &
politically powerful
• The Southern Colonies• Tidewater & Backcountry
Lesson 1 – Colonial Economy
• Growth of Slavery– Triangular Trade Route trade
routes between Colonies, Caribbean, Africa, and Great Britain
– The Middle Passage• Name given to the trans-Atlantic
voyage on slave ships (middle step to America)
• 1st – capture from village• 2nd – travel on ship from Africa to
Caribbean• 3rd – travel from Caribbean to America
Lesson 1 – Colonial Economy
• Growth of Slavery– Life of the Slave
• Most lived on plantations• Overseer – supervisor of
slaves• Slave Codes – laws put into
place to restrict activities of slaves
– Slaves couldn’t leave plantation without permission
– Couldn’t teach slaves to read or write
Lesson 2 – Colonial Government• English Principles of Government
– System of government had two principles
1) Protected Rights - colonists believed the govt.
must respect civil rights - idea first appeared in the
Magna Carta (1215) King John signed this…gave the people protection against unjust treatment or punishment, also
said monarchy was bound by law
Lesson 2 – Colonial Government• English Principles of Government
– System of government had two principles2) Representative Government - English had a tradition of representative govt. - Parliament made up of two chambers (houses)
- House of Lords – made up of upper class…seats were passed down through families
- House of Commons – made up of commoners - American legislatures loosely based on this model - Glorious Revolution (1688) Parliament removed
King James II from power…replaced with William & Mary from this point forward, Parliament had more power than the monarchy
Lesson 2 – Colonial Government
• English Bill of Rights– Established by Parliament in 1689
and said:• Monarch could not suspend
Parliament’s laws• Monarch could not impose taxes or
raise an army w/o Parliament’s approval• Parliament members would be freely
elected• Citizens of England had the right to a
fair trial by jury and protection against cruel & unusual punishment
Lesson 2 – Colonial Government
• Charter Colonies– Connecticut & Rhode
Island– Settlers were given a
charter a grant of rights & privileges
– Colonists elected their own governors & legislature
Lesson 2 – Colonial Government• Proprietary Colonies
– Delaware, Maryland, & Pennsylvania
– Proprietor – individual or group who were granted land by British Govt.
– Proprietors appointed governor and members of the Upper House of the legislature…colonists elected members of the Lower House of their legislature
Lesson 2 – Colonial Government
• Royal Colonies– GA, MA, NH, NJ, NY,
NC, SC, & VA– Ruled directly by Great
Britain– King appointed
Governor and Upper House of legislature…colonists elected members of the Lower House
– Caused many conflicts between the two houses
Lesson 2 – Colonial Government
• English Economic Policies– Many European countries
believed in mercantilism theory that a country’s wealth and power was based on its supplies of gold & silver
– Countries looked to export more than they imported
– To control the trade from the colonies, Parliament passed the Navigation Acts
Lesson 2 – Colonial Government• Navigation Acts
– Passed b/w 1651 & 1673 by Parliament
– Placed restrictions on trade by the colonies
– Colonies could only use British ships and could basically only trade with Great Britain
– Eventually led to an increase in smuggling
Lesson 3 – Culture and Society• Life in the Colonies
– 1700-1770s population grew from 250,000 to 2.5 million…slaves grew from 28,000 to 500,000
– Increased immigration & large family sizes accounted for this growth
Lesson 3 – Culture and Society• Family Roles
– Men were the head of the household
– Sons worked for family, became indentured servants, or apprentices
– Women ran the house & cared for children, also assisted on family farms
– Colonists valued education…1750in New England, 85% of men and 50% of women were literate
Lesson 3 – Culture and Society• Great Awakening
– 1730s & 1740s – a revival of faith and religion
– Preachers such as Jonathan Edwards & George Whitfield gave sermons calling for stronger faith
– Inspired greater religious freedom in the colonies
Lesson 3 – Culture and Society• The Enlightenment
– Mid 1700s – started in Europe, spread to America
– Spread the idea that knowledge, reason, & science could improve society
– Increased interest in science in the Colonies
– Also promoted freedom of thought and expression, a belief in equality, and the idea of popular govt. (govt. by the people)
Lesson 3 – Culture and Society• Ideas of Freedom
– Colonial newspapers often faced government censorship
– 1733 – John Peter Zenger, publisher of the New-York Weekly Journal, arrested and put on trial
– Jury found him not guilty…seen as a key moment in the development of freedom of press
Lesson 4 – Rivalry in North America
• France & Great Britain were two of the most powerful countries in the world
• Competed for wealth in different parts of the world
• Spilled into North America when the British began to have interest in Ohio River Valley
Lesson 4 – Rivalry in North America
• Colonists Take Action– Virginia wants to settle
Ohio River Valley– 1753 – VA Gov. sends a
21-year old surveyor named George Washington into the Ohio country
– Washington’s mission was to tell French they were to leave the land that was claimed by Virginia…they refused
Lesson 4 – Rivalry in North America
• Ft. Necessity– Next year (1754),
Washington becomes a lieutenant colonel and is selected to lead 150 men back to Ohio to build a fort
– They are to build where the Allegheny & Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio River (present-day Pittsburgh)
Lesson 4 – Rivalry in North America
• Ft. Necessity– When they arrive,
the French had already built Ft. Duquesne on the site
– Washington & his men quickly build Ft. Necessity nearby
– Washington leads attack on the French
– Washington loses but gains popularity for striking the first blow against the French
Lesson 4 – Rivalry in North America
• Albany Plan of Union– June 1754 – reps from
several colonies meet in Albany, NY to discuss threat of war
– Tried to ally with Iroquois Confederacy…Iroquois refused but agreed to remain neutral
– Ben Franklin proposes “Albany Plan of Union”
– None of the colonies agreed to it but it was the first attempt to unite the colonies
Lesson 4 – Rivalry in North America
• Seven Years’ War– Fighting in America
starts a new war in Europe b/w Britain & France
– French captured several British forts in North America
– Natives began raids on frontier farms…killed settlers & burned farms/homes
Lesson 4 – Rivalry in North America
• William Pitt– 1757 - took over as
Prime Minister of Great Britain
– Said that Britain would pay for all costs associated with the war (not the colonies)
– Sent troops into America to recapture old forts
– Troops captured Ft. Duquesne and renamed it Ft. Pitt (Pittsburgh)
Lesson 4 – Rivalry in North America
• Battle of Quebec– Quebec – capital of
New France– Sits on a cliff…
thought to be impossible to attack
– British soldiers find a path on the cliff, overwhelm French troops, and defeat the French army
Lesson 4 – Rivalry in North America
• Treaty of Paris (1763)– Ends the war…Britain
wins– Great Britain gets land
to the Mississippi River, Canada, & Florida (from Spain France’s ally)
– Marks the end of French presence in North America
Lesson 4 – Rivalry in North America
• Pontiac’s War– Ottawa chief…
united several tribes to fight against British
– Captured British fort at Detroit and killed settlers on the frontier
– Ends in 1765…Pontiac signs peace treaty with British
Lesson 4 – Rivalry in North America
• Proclamation of 1763– Issued by Britain to
stop fighting b/w Natives & colonists
– Told the colonists they were to not settle any lands west of the Appalachian Mtns.
– Many land speculators were irate over this