Chapter 4

The Thirteen English The Thirteen English ColoniesColonies

The New England Colonies:The New England Colonies: Massachusetts (Includes Massachusetts (Includes

present-day Maine)present-day Maine) ConnecticutConnecticut Rhode IslandRhode Island New HampshireNew Hampshire

MassachusettsThe 1The 1stst group group

to go to MA to go to MA was a was a religious religious group called group called the the PuritansPuritans..

They had They had become powerful become powerful in England.in England.

King Charles I King Charles I (1625) (1625) persecuted them.persecuted them.

wanted to reform the wanted to reform the churchchurch

Simple worship: (no Simple worship: (no instrumental music, fancy instrumental music, fancy churches, or special priest churches, or special priest clothing)clothing)

Beginnings of Massachusetts

Puritan leaders received a Puritan leaders received a charter in 1629.charter in 1629.

They wanted to form a new They wanted to form a new society.society.

People other than Puritans went People other than Puritans went with them. Some were youngest with them. Some were youngest sons, or those wanting sons, or those wanting economic gain.economic gain.

Governing MassachusettsJohn Winthrop John Winthrop

was Governor.was Governor.He worked He worked

physically, as physically, as well as well as politically.politically.

Only stockholders of the MA Only stockholders of the MA Bay Colony could vote.Bay Colony could vote.

This caused discontent, since This caused discontent, since most were not stockholders.most were not stockholders.

Church members did not Church members did not want non-Puritans in want non-Puritans in power.power.

They decided to let male They decided to let male church members vote for church members vote for Governor and General Governor and General Court.Court.

Like it or Leave It

Thomas HookerThomas Hooker led led 106 settlers out of 106 settlers out of MA. He founded MA. He founded Hartford, Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, to get away from to get away from officials with too officials with too much power.much power.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Allowed all male landowners Allowed all male landowners to voteto vote

Limited governor’s power, Limited governor’s power, thus expanding the idea of thus expanding the idea of representative gov’t.representative gov’t.

Roger Williams and Rhode Island

He thought the He thought the Puritan Church Puritan Church had too much had too much power. He power. He wanted wanted separation of separation of church and state.church and state.

He advocated religious He advocated religious tolerance, which Puritans did tolerance, which Puritans did not have.not have.

Ordered to LeaveHe did not want to go to He did not want to go to

England, so he fled. Native England, so he fled. Native Americans sold him land to Americans sold him land to establish RI.establish RI.

He allowed Jews, Protestants, He allowed Jews, Protestants, and Catholics to worship freely.and Catholics to worship freely.

Anne Hutchinson

She fled to RI after she was She fled to RI after she was ordered to leave the Puritan MA ordered to leave the Puritan MA colony. Women were not colony. Women were not allowed to explain Bible allowed to explain Bible teaching, plus she told the court teaching, plus she told the court that God spoke to her directly.that God spoke to her directly.

New Hampshire Formed

The King made new coastal The King made new coastal settlements north of Boston settlements north of Boston into New Hampshire.into New Hampshire.

Trouble with Natives

Colonists were encroaching Colonists were encroaching on Natives’ territory.on Natives’ territory.

Metacom (King Metacom (King Phillip), Chief of Phillip), Chief of the Wampanoag the Wampanoag Indians, led Indians, led assaults on more assaults on more than 600 settlers.than 600 settlers.

He was killed. His He was killed. His family & 1000 family & 1000 Indians became Indians became slaves.slaves.

Puritan Life in New EnglandSundays were reserved for Sundays were reserved for

worship only.worship only.Many community issues Many community issues

were democratically decided were democratically decided at town meetings.at town meetings.

About 15 crimes, About 15 crimes, including including witchcraft, witchcraft, carried the death carried the death penalty. The penalty. The Salem witch Salem witch trials of 1692 trials of 1692 executed 20 executed 20 “witches.”“witches.”

New England Economy Crops- Corn Crops- Corn

squash, squash, pumpkinspumpkins

LumberLumber HuntingHunting ShipbuildingShipbuilding Whaling, fishingWhaling, fishing