Chapter 4 Sec 1 NotesEvents Leading up to the Revolution

French & Indian War BeginningsBritish & French fighting through

1600’s1740’s both interested in Ohio

River Valley◦French-easy travel from New France

to Louisiana◦British-fur traders and land

speculators French & British forts

◦British fort taken over-named Ft. Duquesne

Albany ConferenceBritish goals:

◦ urged colonies to work together to prepare for war w/France

◦ Wanted alliance with Iroquois, who controlled western New York

Results:◦ Iroquois neutral◦ British commander

appointed-Gen.Braddock

◦ Albany Plan of Union Developed by Ben

Franklin Colonies unite to form

federal government (rejected)

Unity for common defense

French & Indian WarBritish attack of

Ft. Duquesne◦ Braddock killed◦ British defeated◦ George

Washington, Military Aide Leadership saved

themDelaware people

See British weakness Attack settlers

British turning point◦ War went on for 2 years◦ British victory at Quebec◦ Spain entered war on

French side◦ Britain seized

Cuba/PhilippinesTreaty of Paris 1763

◦ Ended war◦ Eliminated French power

in N. America◦ FL given to British, Cuba

& Philippines back to Spain

Battle of Quebec

WAR IS EXPENSIVE!!!!Britain borrowed enormous

amount of money to pay for the war◦Deep in debt◦British thought colonies should pay

for part of war Cost of stationing of troops in colonies

Proclamation Act of 1763Pontiac convinced

other Native Americans to go to war against British

British didn’t want the cost of another war

Line Drawn-no settlers west of it

Settlers & western farmers mad

British Tax PoliciesGeorge Grenville

◦ Lord of Treasury◦ Reduce debt

Customs duties◦ Taxes on imports &

exports not been enforced

◦ SmugglingStarted enforcing

◦ Vice-admiralty court

Sugar Act◦ Changed tax rates on

raw sugar & molasses◦ Hurt trade◦ Smugglers guilty until

proven innocent Not fair-no due process

(proper court procedures)

James Otis◦ No taxation to raise

money w/o representation

Currency ActTo slow inflation,

Parliament passes act◦ Inflation-money loses

value over time◦ Banned use of paper

money because it lost value quickly

Colonist liked paper money◦ Use paper money to pay

back loans◦ Since money was not

worth much as when they borrowed it, loans easier to pay back

Stamp ActGrenville introduced

to raise more moneyFirst direct tax on

colonistsStamps on printed

materials:◦ Newspapers,

pamplets, posters, wills, mortgages, deeds, licenses, diplomas, dice, playing cards

Quartering ActForced colonists to pay more for

their own defenseIf colonists did not provide

barracks, soldiers stayed at cost of colonists

Sons of LibertyMass

demonstrations/meetings taking place

Organized meetings & Intimidated stamp distributors

In Boston, effigy of stamp collector hung on tree, house ransacked & wood burned

Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress

◦ 9 colony representatives◦ Declaration of Rights

and Grievances Sent to king

◦ Stamp Act ignored◦ Boycott of English goods

nonimportationBritain repealed the

Stamp ActPassed Declaratory Act

(Parliament’s power)

Townshend ActsCharles

Townshend New Chancellor of

ExchequerSeries of new

regulations and taxes 1767

Townshend ActsCreated to help

with financial problems

Revenue Act 1767◦ Customs duties on

glass, lead, paper, paint, tea

◦ Legalized writs of assistance (general search warrants)

Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer◦ Dickinson

Sam Adams◦ MA assembly◦ “Circular” letter

British & Colonial Actions/ReactionsBritish officials

requested withdrawal of letter

MA assembly ordered dissolved

Boston & NY refused◦ Boycott

VA Resolves◦ Only House of

Burgesses can taxVA house dissolved

Daughters of Liberty◦ Boycott of cloth◦ Spinning own◦ “homespun” sign

of patriotismColonial imports

declined

Boston MassacreBritish disapatched

troops to BostonTroops harassed1770 crowd of

colonists taunted and threw snowballs at soldier guarding a customs house

Squad came, in tumult, shots fired

First colonist to die Crispus Attucks◦ 3 people dead

Shootings became known as Boston Massacre◦ News spread through

coloniesAlmost all of

Townshend Acts repealed (except tax on tea)

Perspective of Boston MassacreColonists’

viewpoint

Read pgs 124-125

Answer Questions 1-3 on page 125 at the bottom of your notes

British viewpoint