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CHAPTER-4
WOMEN REPRESENTATIVES IN PANCHAYATI RAJ
INSTITUTIONS IN MEDAK DISTRICT
This chapter focuses on women representatives’ scenario in Medak
district and the important role they have to play towards the governance of rural
areas. The importance of women leadership, especially in rural local bodies has
its place at the top of rural administration. Male leadership simultaneously
dominates all over the jurisdiction of Panchayati Raj but, there are certain areas
where women representatives yields good results, especially, wherever the need
of raising the problems pertaining to rural women. In spite of male domination,
the women leadership also plays challenging role. In the light of importance of
women representation in politics the present chapter has made an attempt to
assess the women representative scenario in the district under.
4.1 Elected Women Representatives: Participation and Decision-Making
The empowerment and autonomy of women and the improvement of
women’s social, economic and political status is essential for the achievement of
both transparent and accountable government and administration and sustainable
development in all areas of life. The power relations that prevent women from
leading fulfilling lives operate at many levels of society, from the most personal
to the highly public. Achieving the goal of equal participation of women and
men in decision-making will provide a balance that more accurately reflects the
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composition of society and is needed in order to strengthen democracy and
promote its proper functioning. Equality in political decision-making performs a
leverage function without which it is highly unlikely that a real integration of the
equality dimension in government policy-making is not only a demand for
simple justice or democracy but can also be seen as a necessary condition for
women’s interests to be taken into account. Without the active participation of
women and the incorporation of women’s perspective at all levels of decision-
making, the goals of equality, development and peace cannot be achieved.
Women’s political participation and representation at decision-making
levels are two different issues1. Participation is a necessary but insufficient
condition for representation does not flow automatically from participation.
Women all over the world have participated widely in political movements in
times of crisis but, once the crisis is over, they are relegated again to the
domestic arena. Women’s active participation in local bodies is creating a
paradigm. The buzz word today is “Women can do it” which is proved very
emphatically by various luminaries in different walks of life. Panchayati Raj
Institutions, the grass root units of self-government have been proclaimed as the
vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India, where 56.14 per cent
of our people live according to the 2011 census.
Although women make up at least half of the electorate in almost all
countries and have attained the right to vote and hold office in almost all states
1 Geeta Chaturvedi, Women Administration of India RBSA Publications, Jaipur, 1985, p. 12.
149
who, are members of the United Nations, women continue to be seriously
underrepresented as candidates for public office. The traditional working
patterns of many political parties and government structures continue to be
barriers to women’s participation in public life. Women may be discouraged
from seeking political office by discriminatory attitudes and practices, family
and child-care responsibilities, and the high cost of seeking and holding public
office. Women in politics and decision-making positions in Governments and
legislative bodies contribute to redefining political priorities, placing new items
on the political agenda that reflect and address women’s gender-specific
concerns, values and experiences, and providing new perspectives on
mainstream political issues. The low proportion of women among economic and
political decision-makers at the local, national, regional and international levels
reflects structural and attitudinal barriers that need to be addressed through
positive measures.
The equitable distribution of power and decision-making at all levels is
dependent on Governments and other actors undertaking statistical gender
analysis and mainstreaming a gender perspective in policy development and the
implementation of programmes. Equality in decision-making is essential to the
empowerment of women. National, regional and international statistical
institutions still have insufficient knowledge of how to present the issues related
to the equal treatment of women and men in the economic and social spheres.
The inequality between men and women in the sharing of power and decision-
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making at all levels, Governments and other actors should promote an active and
visible policy of mainstreaming a gender perspective in all policies and
programmes so that before decisions are taken, an analysis is made of the effects
on women and men, respectively.
4.2 Women and Inequality in Politics
Women’s participation in politics and government, however, remains
limited. Although their parliamentary representation has steadily increased over
the past decade, gender parity in politics at all levels is still a long way off. By
July 2006, women accounted for just fewer than 17 per cent of parliamentarians
worldwide. Ten countries have no women parliamentarians at all, and in more
than 40 others, women account for less than 10 per cent of legislators. At current
annual rates of growth in the proportion of women members of national
parliaments – about 0.5 per cent worldwide – gender parity in national
legislatures will not be achieved.
The under-representation of women at the ministerial level and in local
government is even more marked than in national legislatures. As of January
2005, women accounted for just over 14 per cent of government ministers
worldwide. Nineteen governments had no women ministers at all, and among
those governments that did include women, most had a token presence of around
one to three women ministers. As of March 2006, only three countries – Chile,
Spain and Sweden – had achieved gender parity in ministerial portfolios. At the
local level, women account for less than 1 in 10 of the world’s mayors.
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The Indian Constitution guarantees political equality through the
institution of adult franchise and the right to equality which prohibits
discrimination on the grounds of sex. The equal political status will not be
realized by mere declaration in the constitution. Voting in the elections do not
bestow equal status. If adequate opportunities to take part in the deliberations of
the nation are not provided, participation has no meaning2.
The socio-economic conditions are not conducive for the effective
participation of women in political affairs. Political equality is meaningless in a
country where the mass of the population suffers from poverty, illiteracy,
inequality of class status and power. Apart from these women suffer from
traditional attitudes which made them to feel that they are unequal.
The political background of women shows that they are far away from an
equal status along with men. Women are politically not active and do not come
forward to participate in public affairs. The membership in political parties,
public institutions, voluntary organisation exercise of franchise, discussing
politics etc. explains the political profiles of the women. The problem of equal
status and equal participation must be understood in the context of a society for,
in a traditional society like India the participation of women in public life is not
encouraging.
2 Mastern Vali, Mohd, Women and Politics, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2002, p.8.
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4.3 Salient Features of Medak District
This chapter highlights the Medak District Profile which presents the
History of the district boundaries, physical aspects like climate, hills, rainfall,
rivers, flora and fauna etc. Subsequently, district at a glance has been presented
with a view to understand general features at once. Variation in population right
from 1901 to 2011 has been presented to understand the decadal increase as well
as decrease in population likewise, a summary of population statistics 1991-2011
is also presented with a view to take a note of decadal variation in rural and
urban density of population, slum population male and female population,
Scheduled Caste / Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) population, rate of literacy etc.
Furthermore mandal-wise population including male and female, mandal-wise
area, number of villages / towns, population and density of population, mandal-
wise SC/ST sex wise population mandal-wise literate population for 2001 is also
presented in this chapter to understand the status prevailing in the district. An
attempt is also made in this chapter to compare the statistical information of the
District with the State of Andhra Pradesh in respect of area, population, density
of population, birth and death rate rural and urban population, SC and ST
population, literacy, workers, production, education etc.
Number of Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs) registered in Medak
district (both in rural and urban areas) and actual number of functioning NGOs
in the district is also presented in this chapter to highlight the factors responsible
for the formation of NGOs as well as the factors responsible for the closure of
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NGOs. Thus, this chapter presents the focus on profile of Medak district which
covers all aspects related with the subject.
4.4 History of Medak district
The District derived its name from ‘Methukudurgam’, the then
headquarters town of the taluk of the same name. Medak district was originally
known as “Methukudurgam” which subsequently changed into Methuku due to
the growth of fine and coarse rice in this area3. Medak district became part of
the Kakatiya Kingdom the Brahmani Kingdom and later the Golconda Kingdom.
Finally on the fall of the Quthubshahi dynasty it was annexed to the Moghal
Empire. During the formation of Hyderabad State by Asaf Jahi, this district was
detached and included in the Nizam’s dominions. It finally became a part of
Andhra Pradesh with effect from 1st November, 1956 after Re-organization of
states.
The early History of Medak district is not very clear. Its political history,
however, commences with the advent of the Mourya’s who extended their sway
to the south during the reign of Ashoka. After the Mouryas, the Sathavahanas
gained prominence over the Deccan of which, Medak District formed part.
Several coins of the Sathavahana rulers like Goutamiputhra Satakarni,
Vaistiputra Pulumavi, Yagna Sri Satakarni, etc., were unearthed during
excavations at Kondapur Village of the district. These archaeological
3 Medak district Gazetteer, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Medak district, 2011.
154
discoveries indicate the existence of a buried city of vast dimensions with a
number of Chaityas,Viharas, Stupas and Monasteries.
After the Satavahanas, the district passed under the sway of the Mahisha
dynasty. Though as many as eighteen rulers ruled this district for a period of
383 years, only two rulers Mana and Yasa proved to be powerful. Mana broke
the domination of the Satavahanas, assumed the title of “Rajan” and regained the
Kingdom to its splendor. He enjoyed the privilege of striking his own coins.
One of his lead coins exhibited the characteristics of the coins belonging to the
close of second or beginning of the third century. The rule of this dynasty came
to an end with the rise of the Chalukyas of Badami, who later on lost to the
Rashtrakutas. After the Rashtrakutas, Medak District passed in to the hands of
western Chalukyas of Kalyani dynasty, whose rule lasted from 973 to 1200
A.D. Famous rulers like Ahavamalla Taila II, Someshwara I & II, Vikramaditya
VI and Trailokyamalla Taila III belonged to this dynasty. The inscription of
Koraprolu pertaining to the rule of Taila II, throws light on his feudatory
Mahmandaleshwara Soma premedi also rule in this district.
The inscriptions at Kohir, Chinthalagat, Alladurgam and Patancheru
belonging to Someshwara and Vikramaditya VI register gifts to Jainalayas by
their subordinates. The next dynasty which held over this district was the
Kakatiya dynasty which included well known rulers like prola II, Ganapathi,
Rudramamba and Prathaparudra.
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During the regime of Mohammad I, the son of Ala-udd-in Bahman shah,
the Recherla Chief Anapota Nayaka of Rachakonda defeated and killed Kapaya
Nayaka and captured Warangal which included a major portion of Medak
district. On account of the cordial relations between the Bahamanis and the
Recherlas, Mohammad-I did not invade Warangal. Feroz Shah ascended the
Bahamani throne and attempted to extend his sway to the east coast at the
expense of the Recherlas. This provoked the Recherlas and a war broke out
between Feroz Shah and Anapota II. Anapota II attacked the Bahamani
Possessions in Telangana and acquired Medak. But the Recherlas were
ultimately over-thrown and their territory was annexed to the Bahamani
Kingdom. Medak continued to be under the Bahamani’s till the breakup of their
Kingdom into five states namely Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Berar, Bidar and
Golconda. After the fall of Bahamani Dynasty the Barid Shahi Dynasty came
into power.
Amir Barid, who assumed sole charge of the affairs of the Bahamani
Kingdom, after the fall of Bahamani dynasty, had many vicissitudes and
constant wars with the rulers of Bijapur and Berar. After his death in 1538, he
was succeeded by his son Ali Barid who was the first to assume the title of
“Shah”. Ali Barid, with the support of other Deccan Kings attacked the king of
Vijayanagar in the famous battle of Tallikota, in which, the Vijayanagar ruler
was defeated. Ali Barid died in 1582. Prola – II with his military skill, made the
feudal state he inherited into a sovereign state which emerged into a Powerful
2
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empire, embracing the whole of the Telugu speaking territory. During the reign
of Prathaparudra, the army led by Malik Kafur under the command of Ala-ud-
din Khilji, while on its way to Warangal captured this District. These invasions,
however, ended with the overthrow of Prathaparudra and the annexation of his
kingdom to the Delhi Sulthanate.
After the fall of the Kakatiya empire, Mohammad - Bin-Tuglaq, the
Sulthan of Delhi, divided the Deccan and South India into five provinces and
appointed Governors to administer them, Shihab-Sulthani entitled Nuzrat Khan
was thus appointed Governor of Telangana which included Medak district.
Rebellion cropped up everywhere following imposition of tribute which gave
rise to the Bahamani dynasty. Many such revolts joined Tuglaq’s rule. These
revolts led to the establishment of independent principalities by the Musunri
Chiefs of Warangal and Recharlas of Rachakonda (Nalgonda District).
An important event relevant to this district was the rebellion of Quir-
Khan, a subordinate of Ala-Ud-din Bahman Shah. The Sulthan dispatched a vast
army to curtail this revolt. Quir-Khan who was then at Kohir of this district was
confident of Victory. However, his army was routed by the royal forces under
Sikander Khan. Quir Khan was arrested and later executed and he was
succeeded by three other Kings after which, Qutub Shahi dynasty came into
power. Sulthan Qulil, a Turk of noble family, who was the Governor of the
Golkonda province under the Bahamanis took advantage of the distracted state
of the kingdom under Mohammad Shah of Barid Shahi dynasty and declared his
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independence by establishing the Qutub Shahi dynasty, which reigned from
1512 to 1687 A.D. Thereafter this kingdom was annexed to the Mughal empire
by Aurangazeb.
During Aurangazeb’s regime, the Marathas became very active, which
proved to be a threat to Aurangazeb. He, therefore, sent his troops to establish
his supremacy over Medak. Later the Marathas organized a rebellion to
overthrow Nizam-ur-Mulk, the Viceroy of the Deccan Nizam-Ul-Mulk sent his
bodyguard under the command his elder son Ghaziuddin Khan with Mohammad
Ghiayas Khan and Mirza Beig Khan Bakshi as his guardians. This shook the
Marathas who fled and hid themselves in the dense forests of the tract. This
Victory was celebrated by Nizam-Ul-Mulk in a grand manner.
In 1715 A.D. Hussain Ali Khan, as the Viceroy of Deccan, replaced
Nizam-Ul-Mulk. Nizam-ul-mulk who was unceremoniously removed, however,
nurtured the desire of reoccupying the Deccan. Therefore in 1720, He proceeded
against the Deccan and in a fierce battle that ensued near Balapur in Berar, Alam
Ali Khan, the Deputy of Hussain Ali Khan was killed. This victory established
the supremacy of Nizam-Ul-Mulk in the whole of the Deccan. Again in 1724
A.D., Nizam-Ul-Mulk had to fight a battle at Shakar Khere against Mubariz
Khan. This battle established the independence of Nizam-Ul-Mulk (Asaf Jahi)
who annexed Berar and settled down at Hyderabad and established his
dominions. Medak district alongwith the rest of Telangana came under the
3333
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control of Asaf Jahi dynasty. After Nizam-ul-mulk, Nasirjung, Muzaffer Jung
and Salabhat Jung ruled for short period.
Ali Jah rose in revolt against his father Nizam Ali Khan, the second Asaf
Jahi, with the help of Sadasivareddy the Medak Jagirdar. Nizam Ali Khan
despatched Raymond, a French commander to proceed against the rebels and
subdue them. The Nizam’s army came and pitched their tents at the village of
Chickurin and Sadasivareddy also went to that place at the head of an army not
to fight but to offer his submission. He was, however, suspected and captured
while attending the durbar. In the meanwhile, Ali Jah died and Medak was
granted to Raymond. Though there was a protest by the British against this
grant, no attention was paid to this protest and Raymond took possession of
Medak and other areas held by Sadashiva Reddy and he had to pay sixteen lakhs
of rupees annually as rent for these areas. This arrangement continued till the
death of Raymond in 1798.
Nizam Ali Khan died in 1803. He was succeeded by Sikhander Jah,
Nasirud-Dowla, Afzal-ud-Doula and Mir Mehboob Ali Khan (7th
Asaf Jah)
during whose time India got independence. The Nizam’s dominions became a
part of Indian Union in 1948 as part ‘B’ state and in 1956 during the re-
organisation of States, the Hyderabad state was trifurcated the nine.
Predominantly Telugu speaking districts of Mahaboobnagar, Hyderabad, Medak,
Nizamabad, Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam and Nalgonda known
as Telangana Region were transferred to Andhra Pradesh. Major portions of
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predominantly Kanada Speaking districts of Raichur, Gulbarga and Bidar were
transferred to Karnataka State, while Maratwada comprising the five districts of
Aurangabad, Osmanabad, Bheed, Parbhani, Nanded and a portion of Bidar
which is predominantly Marathi speaking was transferred to Maharashtra State.
These changes were effected on 1st November 1956.
4.5 Political Profile of Medak
Medak is situated at a distance of 96 Kms. from Hyderabad. The
important places of interest in the town are the Hill Fort and the Medak Church.
The fort is said to have been originally constructed by the Kakathiya Kings. The
existing fort belonging to the Quthub-Shahi Kings stands 90 meters above the
surroundings plains. It is one of the important hill forts in Deccan and contains a
brass gun 10 feet long. The Mubarak Mahal in the fort has one of its gateways,
the carvings of a double headed eagle holding elephant in its teeth and talons.
The Medak Church is said to be one of the three big churches in south India.
This Church was completed in 1924. There are very large windows on either
side of the hall and windows at the entrance are provided with piece of colored
glass fitted in metal frames. The colored glass pieces are beautifully arranged to
depict scenes from the Bible and the fructification of Jesus Christ. The
Cathedral is 61 meters high and can accommodate 5,000 people. The tower over
the entrance is 53 meters high. To the South-East of Medak town there is place
known as “Yedupayala” where seven tributaries of the Manjeera join and flow in
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unison. Yedupayala Jathara held on Maha Shivarathri day attracts nearly one
Lakh pilgrims.
4.6 Physical profile
Medak district lies between 17’27’ and 18’19’ of Northern latitude and
77’28’ and 79’10’ of Eastern longitude. The district occupies an area of 9,699
sq.kms and has a population of 26.70 lakhs according to 2001 Census. Medak
district is bounded on the north by Nizamabad and Karimnagar districts, on the
east by Warangal and Nalgonda district, on the south by Rangareddy district and
on the west by Bidar District of Karnakata State.
The district forms part of the table land of the Deccan and is crossed by
different ranges of hills like that of the Medak hill. The rock formation is of the
oldest type (archaic genesis = Very old granite – like type of rocks with minerals
arranged in layers) and consists principally of peninsular granite complex ie.,
pink and gray granites and their metamorphic variations, isolated peaks and
rocky clusters lie scattered all over the district.
4.7 Climate
The district generally experiences a dry climate. The year may be divided
into four seasons. The period from March to May is the summer season. The
hottest month in this season is May. This is followed by the south-west
monsoon season from June to September. October and November constitute the
post monsoon period. The winter season starts from December and lasts till
February.
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The average annual rainfall in the district is 868.3 mm. The rainfall during the
monsoon season i.e from June to September amounts to about 45 per cent of the annual
rainfall. The rainiest month is July. There is some rainfall, in the form of
thundershowers during the latter part of summer and post monsoon season.
The soils of the district are mainly red earths comprising loamy sands, sandy
loams and sandy clay loams. Red laterite soil is predominant in Zahirabad taluk.
Regar or black cotton soils comprising of clay loams, clay and silty clay are found in
erstwhile Sangareddy, Andole, Narayankhed and Narsapur taluks.
The district is not watered by any big river. The only river of some
consequence, is the Manjeera, which is a tributary of the Godavari. This river rises in
Bidar district and enters Medak district in the south-eastern direction. It flows for
about 96 Kms. in the western and north-western taluks of Narayankhed, Zahirabad,
Sangareddy, Narsapur and Medak in this district. The other important streams are the
Haldi or Pasupuyeru and the Kudlair. Pasupuyeru is a tributary of the Manjeera and
enters the district from the north and flows through Medak town. Kudlair is in Siddipet
taluk.
At present one gate was opened due to increase in water level. The
Singoor dam is constructed across the river Manjeera with main objective of
providing drinking water to Hyderabad and Secunderabad. The Dam is situated
to the North-West of Hyderabad at about 60 km (20 km from Sangareddy the
headquarters of Medak district in Telangana). The Dam offers a very good
scenario silent atmosphere to the tourists.
In the past, the forests in the district were active with wild life. But, during the
past twenty years wild life in this district has been considerably reduced. The Tiger is
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almost extinct. The Wolf, Jackal and the Fox can be found on the outskirts of the
district. The wild Bear, Black Buck, the Sloth Bear and the beautiful four horned
antelope are the other types of animals found in the district. In the interior jungles the
sambar and spotted deer are occasionally met with, among the avifauna, partridge,
pigeon, the great Indian bustard, peafowl, green pigeon, green jungle fowl and a variety
of ducks and cranes are common.
Table-4.1
Medak district at a Glance
Sl.
No Item Unit Particulars
1 Geographical area as per 2011 census Sq.Kms 9699
2 Revenue Divisions No. 3
3 Revenue Mandals No 46
4 Mandal Parishads No. 46
5 Municipalities No. 7
6 Towns No. 11
7 Revenue Villages No. 1267
8 Grama Panchayats No. 1059
9 Panchayats Notified No. 42
10 Panchayats Non-notified No. 1019
11 No. of House Holds In Lakhs
12 Population as per 2011 census – Total In Lakhs 30.33
Rural In Lakhs 23.06
Urban In Lakhs 7.27
Males as per 2011 census In Lakhs 15.23
Females as per 2011 census In Lakhs 15.10
13 Density of population 2011 Census per Sq.KM 313
14 S.C. Population 2011 Census In Lakhs 5.37
% of S.C. to total Population 2011 Census Percentage 16.31
15 S.T. Population 2011 Census In lakhs 1.68
% of S.T. to total Population 2011 Census Percentage 5.24
16 Literates : Total 2011 Census In Lakhs 16.37
a) Males 2011 Census In Lakhs 9.43
b) Females 2011 Census In Lakhs 6.83
17 Literacy rate: Total 2011 Census Percentage 61.42
a) Males 2011 Census Percentage 71.43
b) Females 2011 Census Percentage 5.137
18 Slum Population in urban area 2011 In Lakhs 1.53
a) Slum Households In Lakhs 0.32
b) Total Slums Number 109
Source: Population Census-2011.
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According to table-4.1, Medak district spread over 9699 sq. kms. There
are three Revenue divisions in the district which are spread over into 46
mandals. As far as urban local bodies in the district are concerned, it is noticed
that 7 municipalities are functioning in the district. There are 1267 revenue
villages and 1059 Grama Panchayats functioning in the district. According to
2011 census the population of the district is recorded as 30.33 lakhs out of which
rural population is 23.06 lakhs and urban population is 7.27 lakhs. Scheduled
caste population in the district is recorded as 5.37 lakhs and Scheduled Tribe
population as 1.68 lakhs. Literacy rate in the district is 61.42 per cent. This, table
presents the salient features of Medak district.
Table-4.2
Medak District
Variation in Population- 1991 to 2011
Year persons Variation
(+) increase
( -) Decrease
Percentage Density of
Population
(per Sq.KM)
1901 556094 ---- 0.00 57
1911 806812 + 250718 45.00 83
1921 782258 (-)24554 (-)3.04 81
1931 913737 + 131479 16.81 94
1941 1002176 + 88439 9.68 103
1951 1109761 107585 11.20 115
1961 1227361 117600 10.59 127
1971 1467944 240583 19.10 151
1981 1807139 339195 23.11 186
1991 2269800 + 462661 25.60 234
2001 2670097 + 400297 17.64 275
2011 3033288 +363191 13.60 313
Source: Population Census-2011.
Table-4.2 presents the variation in population in Medak district from
1901 to 2001. Except during the decade 1911 to 1921 where population
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decreased to the tune of 3.04 per cent, other decades recorded an increasing
trend. During the decade 1971 to 1981 a recorded population of 3,39,195 (23.11
percent) has been increased in the district. Simultaneously during the decade
1961 to 1971 also an increase of 2,40,583 in population (19.10 per cent) has
been recorded. During the decades 1981-1991 and 1991-2001 normal increase in
population has been recorded. The density of population in the district was 57
during 1901 which rose to 275 per sq.km during 2001. According to 2001 to
2011 Medak district population was decreased to 17.64 to 13.60 percent.
Table-4.3
Rural and Urban in Andhra Pradesh
Description Rural Urban
Population (%) 66.64 % 33.36 %
Total Population 56,361,702 28,219,075
Male Population 28,243,241 14,198,905
Female Population 28,118,461 14,020,170
Population Growth 1.73 % 35.61 %
Sex Ratio 996 987
Child Sex Ratio (0-6) 941 935
Child Population (0-6) 6,152,022 2,990,780
Child Percentage (0-6) 10.92 % 10.60 %
Source: Population Census-2011.
The above table-4.3 showing according to 2011 out of total population of
Andhra Pradesh, 33.36 percent people live in urban regions. The total figure of
population living in urban areas is 28,219,075 of which 14,198,905 are males
and while remaining 14,020,170 females. The urban population in the last 10
years has increased by 33.36 percent.
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Sex ratio in urban regions of Andhra Pradesh was 987 females per 1000
males. For child (0-6 age) sex ratio the figure for urban region stood at 935 girls
per 1000 boys. The total child (0-6 age) living in urban areas of Andhra Pradesh
were 2,990,780. Of total population in urban region, 10.60 percent were children
(0-6 age).
Average Literacy rate in Andhra Pradesh for Urban regions was 80.09
percent in which males were 85.79 percent literate while female literacy stood at
73.31 percent. Total literates in urban region of Andhra Pradesh were
20,205,695.
Out of total population in Andhra Pradesh around 66.64 percent live in
the villages of rural areas. In actual numbers, males and females were
28.243,241 and 28,118,461 respectively. Tot population of rural areas of Andhra
Pradesh state was 56,361,702. The population growth rate recorded for this
decade 2001-2011 was 66.64 percent.
In rural regions of Andhra Pradesh state, female sex ration per 1000 males
was 996 while same for the child (0.6 age) 941 girls per 1000 boys. In Andhra
Pradesh, 6,152,022 children (0-6 age) live in rural areas. Child population forms
10.92 percent of total rural population.
In rural areas of Andhra Pradesh, literacy rate for males and female stood
at 69.38 percent and 51.29 percent. Average literacy rate in Andhra Pradesh for
rural areas was 60.45 percent. Total literates in rural areas were 30,351,065.
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Table-4.4
Medak District
Population Statistics: Summary - 2001 to 2011
Sl.
No Particulars Unit 2001 2011
I Population - Total Lakhs 26.70 30.33
Males " 13.52 15.23
Females " 13.18 15.10
II a) Sex Ratio - Females per '000 males Nos 974 992
b) Density of Population per
Sq.Kms 274 313
III Population - Total lakhs 26.70 30.33
Urban " 3.83 7.27
Rural " 22.87 23.06
IV % of Urban Pop. to Total Population Ratio 14.36 15.36
% of Rural Pop. to Total Population % 85.64 84.64
V % of SC Pop. to Total Population % 17.58 16.31
Scheduled Caste Population Lakhs 4.69 5.37
Males Lakhs 2.36 2.66
Females Lakhs 2.33 2.71
VI % of Scheduled Tribe Pop to total
population % 5.04 5.24
Scheduled Tribe Population Lakhs 1.35 1.68
Males Lakhs 0.69 .86
Females Lakhs 0.66 .82
VII Literates - Total Lakhs 11.71 16.37
Males Lakhs 7.38 9.42
Females Lakhs 4.33 6.83
VIII Literacy Rates by Sex - Total Ratio 51.65 61.42
Males Ratio 64.33 71.43
Females Ratio 38.66 51.37
IX Slum population in Urban Area 2011 lakhs 0.63 1.53
Source: Population Census-2011.
167
Above table shows the variation in population statistics in various aspects
in Medak district in 2001 and 2011. The population of the district which was
26.70 laks in 2001 increased to 30.330 lakhs in 2011. Sex ratio in the district
which was 974 females per 1000 males in 2001 increased to 992 females per
1000 males in 2011. But the density of population remained unchanged. Urban
population in the district was 3.83 lakhs in the year 2002 and increased to 7.27
lakhs in the year 2011. Similarly the rural population in the district was 22.87
lakhs in the year 2001 and increased to 23.06 lakhs in the year 2011. Scheduled
Caste population was 4.69 lakhs in the year 2001 and the same was increased to
5.37 lakhs in the year 2011, recording 5.04 percent to 5.24 percent to total
population. On the other hand Scheduled Tribe population was 1.35 lakhs in the
year 2001 and the same has increased to 1.68 lakhs in the year 2011. A
remarkable increase in the rate of literacy has been noticed in the district. The
rate of literacy which was 51.65 per cent in the year 2001 has been raised to
61.42 per cent in the year 2011. Thus, above table describes the statistical
variation from 2001 to 2011 in Medak district.
168
Ta
ble
-4.5
M
eda
k D
istr
ict
Ma
nd
al
Wis
e S
ch
ed
ule
d C
ast
es
& S
ched
ule
d T
rib
es a
nd
Oth
er S
ex W
ise P
op
ula
tio
n 2
011
Cen
sus
ST
AT
EM
EN
T S
HO
WIN
G T
HE
MA
ND
AL
-WIS
E R
UR
AL
PO
PU
LA
TIO
N A
S P
ER
201
1 C
EN
SU
S -
ME
DA
K D
IST
RIC
T
PO
PU
LA
TIO
N
ST
S
C
oth
ers
To
tal
Po
pu
lati
on
Sl.
No.
Nam
e of
the
Man
dal
Ma
le
Fem
ale
T
ota
l
Ma
le
Fem
ale
T
ota
l
Ma
le
Fem
ale
T
ota
l
Ma
le
Fem
ale
T
ota
l
S
an
ga R
ed
dy
Rev
en
ue D
ivis
ion
1
San
gar
edd
y
3205
2
832
60
37
797
8
76
92
156
70
3163
4
298
61
614
95
428
17
40
385
8
3202
2
Pat
anch
eru
1
048
960
20
08
826
6
82
52
165
18
4844
9
459
61
944
10
577
63
55
173
11
2936
3
Ram
ach
andra
pura
m
633
583
12
16
242
0
23
60
47
80
1329
7
122
49
255
46
163
50
15
192
3
1542
4
Ko
ndap
ur
1948
1
836
37
84
521
5
51
99
104
14
1451
8
142
69
287
87
216
81
21
304
4
2985
5
Sad
asiv
pet
463
412
8
75
606
9
62
01
122
70
1920
7
190
35
382
42
257
39
25
648
5
1387
6
Man
oor
4478
4
120
85
98
624
6
61
09
123
55
1966
3
188
85
385
48
303
87
29
114
5
9501
7
Nar
ayan
kh
ed
7284
6
837
141
21
603
3
59
17
119
50
2825
8
277
98
560
56
415
75
40
552
8
2127
8
Kan
gti
3
896
3
632
75
28
519
8
49
32
101
30
1772
4
171
91
349
15
268
18
25
755
5
2573
9
Kal
her
4
328
4
170
84
98
437
7
38
40
82
17
1731
9
174
52
347
71
260
24
25
462
5
1486
10
K
oh
ir
1261
1
170
24
31
889
2
91
94
180
86
2030
9
198
12
401
21
304
62
30
176
6
0638
11
R
aikod
e 161
120
2
81
458
2
43
60
89
42
1612
8
153
81
315
09
208
71
19
861
4
0732
12
N
yal
kal
366
330
6
96
759
5
74
99
150
94
2088
7
204
33
413
20
288
48
28
262
5
7110
13
Z
ahir
abad
7
067
6
768
138
35
1083
3
110
79
219
12
4228
6
408
86
831
72
601
86
58
733
11
8919
14
Jh
aras
angam
612
526
11
38
651
8
64
28
129
46
1560
1
148
98
304
99
227
31
21
852
4
4583
15
M
un
ipal
ly
216
185
4
01
481
2
46
91
95
03
1563
3
154
28
310
61
206
61
20
304
4
0965
S
ub-T
ota
l 36
966
34
481
714
47
9503
4
937
53
1887
87
34
091
3
3295
39
6704
52
4729
13
457
773
93
0686
M
ed
ak
Reven
ue D
ivis
ion
16
M
edak
3
933
4
301
82
34
535
1
59
05
112
56
2511
4
263
18
514
32
343
98
36
524
7
0922
17
R
amay
ampet
2
491
2
343
48
34
627
8
67
21
129
99
2519
3
258
20
510
13
339
62
34
884
6
8846
18
P
apan
nap
et
2327
2
280
46
07
448
6
49
30
94
16
2095
4
221
72
431
26
277
67
29
382
5
7149
19
S
han
kar
amp
et (
R)
2821
2
701
55
22
396
8
42
34
82
02
1530
9
159
61
312
70
220
98
22
896
4
4994
20
C
heg
un
ta
2144
2
083
42
27
314
0
33
10
64
50
1280
8
131
13
229
21
180
92
18
506
3
6598
21
K
ulc
har
am
1342
1
377
27
19
297
1
31
53
61
24
1319
6
138
71
270
67
175
09
18
401
3
5910
169
22
K
ow
dip
ally
5
550
5
522
110
72
396
4
42
25
81
89
1792
8
183
29
362
57
274
42
28
076
5
5518
23
Y
eldu
rth
y
1253
1
183
24
36
402
1
42
45
82
66
1556
8
160
39
316
07
208
42
21
467
4
2309
24
S
hiv
amp
et
2981
2
982
59
63
343
2
36
52
70
84
1609
2
159
93
320
85
225
05
22
627
4
5132
25
N
arsa
pur
4567
3
715
82
82
385
4
39
31
77
85
1887
6
188
31
377
07
272
97
26
477
5
3774
26
H
athnoo
ra
1370
1
395
27
65
602
1
53
58
113
79
2035
2
214
39
417
91
277
43
28
192
5
5935
27
A
ndo
le
220
192
4
12
484
2
48
78
97
20
1467
7
147
76
294
53
197
39
19
846
3
9585
28
T
ekm
al
2970
2
969
59
39
362
4
39
08
75
32
1204
5
123
63
244
08
186
39
19
240
3
7879
29
A
llad
urg
1
349
1
342
26
91
529
8
55
14
108
12
1709
8
170
77
341
75
237
45
23
933
4
7678
30
R
egode
1377
1
305
26
82
426
5
42
09
84
74
1272
0
122
91
250
11
183
62
17
805
3
6167
31
P
ulk
al
2009
1
937
39
46
592
4
59
74
118
98
1780
4
177
38
355
42
257
37
25
649
5
1386
32
S
han
kar
amp
et (
A)
1046
1
052
20
98
301
1
31
67
61
78
1636
7
165
10
328
77
204
24
20
729
4
1153
33
Ji
nn
aram
1
562
967
25
29
606
2
57
76
118
38
4386
8
390
44
829
12
514
92
45
787
9
7279
S
ub-T
ota
l 41
312
39
646
809
58
8051
2
830
90
1636
02
33
596
9
3376
85
6706
54
4577
93
460
421
91
8214
S
idd
ipet
Rev
en
ue D
ivis
ion
34
S
idd
ipet
303
270
5
73
626
6
65
45
128
11
2388
2
242
90
481
72
304
51
31
105
6
1556
35
C
hin
nak
od
ur
242
231
4
73
544
1
55
24
109
65
2329
1
235
42
468
33
289
74
29
297
5
8271
36
N
angnoo
r 547
523
10
70
396
9
37
33
77
02
1647
9
165
43
330
22
209
95
20
799
4
1794
37
D
ubbak
501
525
10
26
456
1
51
01
96
62
1751
4
177
27
352
41
225
76
23
353
4
5929
38
T
ho
gu
ta
443
440
8
83
314
8
31
79
63
27
1341
4
138
64
272
78
170
05
17
483
3
4488
39
M
ird
odd
i 154
197
3
51
457
0
50
83
96
53
1591
3
160
85
319
98
206
37
21
365
4
2002
40
D
ou
ltab
ad
559
519
10
78
547
8
54
66
109
44
2074
6
210
56
418
02
267
83
27
041
5
3824
41
G
ajw
el
99
99
1
98
487
6
49
35
98
11
1468
5
148
23
295
08
196
61
19
856
3
9517
42
K
ondap
ak
111
104
2
15
508
8
51
70
102
58
1901
7
191
02
381
19
242
16
24
376
4
8592
43
Ja
gd
evp
ur
144
148
2
92
456
6
46
17
91
83
1855
6
190
62
376
18
232
66
23
827
4
7093
44
W
argal
532
537
10
69
382
4
38
28
76
52
1818
4
176
20
358
04
225
40
21
985
4
4525
45
M
ulu
gu
348
310
6
58
450
0
45
87
90
87
1732
0
170
11
343
31
221
68
21
908
4
4076
46
T
oo
pra
n
602
593
11
95
468
5
49
58
96
43
2504
6
246
96
497
42
303
33
30
247
6
0580
S
ub
-To
tal
4585
4
496
90
81
6097
2
627
26
1236
98
24
404
7
2454
21
4894
68
3096
05
312
642
62
2247
GR
AN
D T
OT
AL
:
82
863
78
623
1
614
86
23
651
8
2395
69
4760
87
92
092
9
9126
45
18
305
74
12
403
11
1230
836
247
1147
So
urc
e: P
op
ula
tio
n C
ensu
s 2
011
170
The above table-4.5 showing out of 24,71,477 population in the district,
4,76,087 Scheduled Castes (1.17 percent) and 1,61,486 (0.28 percent) Scheduled Tribes
population is recorded. With regard to mandal-wise SC population, Zahirabad mandal
stood in top with 21,912 SC population followed by Sangareddy mandal with 15,670
SCs and Siddipet mandal with 12,811 SCs. On the other hand Kulcharam mandal stood
in the last with 6,124 Scheduled Caste populations. Similarly, as far as mandal-wise
Scheduled Tribe population is concerned, Narayankhed mandal stood in top with
14,121 Scheduled Tribes followed by Zahirabad mandal with 13,835 STs. On the other
hand Raikode mandal stood in the last with 281 STs followed by Munpalle mandal with
401Scheduled Tribe.
It is further explained that the Medak district was divided into three Revenue
Divisions, the first one is Sangareddy Revenue Division and Head Quarters of the
Medak district is the biggest Revenue Division is spread with 15 mandals. Total
population is 9,30,686 out of this 36,966 ST population; 1,88,787 SC population; the
remaining is 6,70,452 Others population. The 2nd
one is Medak Revenue Division is
spread with 18 mandals. Total population is 9,18,214 out of these 80,958 ST
population; 1,63,602 SC population; the remaining is 6,70,654 Others population. The
3rd
one is Siddipet Revenue Division is spread with 13 mandals. The total population is
6,22,247 out of these 4,585 ST population; 1,23,698 SC population; and the remaining
is 4,89,468 Others population.
4.8 Women in Local Electoral Process
The gradual transfer of power from British to Indian hands gave women
experience in participating in the democratic process. The Government of India Act of
1935 extended the franchise to more than six million women, as compared with
313,000 under the Act of 1919. In 1937 general elections, eight women were elected
171
from ‘general’ constituencies and forty-two from ‘reserved’ constituencies. Six women
became ministers when the provincial cabinets were formed. It is natural then that in
independent India women would participate actively more often than before in all
aspects of politics, political office and thus heave ‘political right’ which has not
happened.
Political rights may be considered to be inclusive of three main aspects-the right
to vote in local, state and national elections, the right to be elected and the right to hold
public office (legislative, executive and judicial), appointed or elective. Elections,
therefore, constitute a major political activity for the people in general and women in
particular in achieving political rights. Since this appears to be the only area where the
background in terms of education, economic conditions, social background and other
such considerations do not come in the way of furthering their prospects, it is the first
step in promoting equal participation of men and women in politics. Equality in
political participation is of great significance in urban areas as the percentage of
women’s literacy is equal to that of men. They are more exposed to various modern
developments like television, cinema, literature and public meetings as compared to
their rural counterparts. Moreover, women constitute half the population. So to set up a
representative and responsible government, it is necessary that more women enter the
political arena.
A political system can properly be described as a system of representative
government if it is one in which representatives of the people have a share in the
making of political decisions. The term ‘representative’ is commonly used in three
different ways, indicating different ways in which members of a committee or assembly
can represent a larger group of people by virtue of their activities, by virtue of the
manner of their selection and by virtue of their personal characteristics. In addition to
172
being representative, the political system should also be responsible. Political
responsibility signifies a government responsible to public opinion, to pursue policies
which are prudent and mutually consistent and to be accountable to the representatives
of the electorate.
In this process the representative system plays a vital role. It is through this
system that public demands are expressed, modified and presented to the government.
The political parties absorb a wide variety of opinions and merge them into a limited
number of alternate policies. Political leaders use party conferences and election
meetings to increase public understanding of their programmes. Periodic elections
ensure that some weight is given to the opinions of inarticulate and unrecognized
citizens as well as those citizens who know how to make their voices felt.
The early fifties came to be regarded as the period of women’s triumph, with
middle class women from a background of restricted lives confined to the roles of
wives and mothers entering administrative, professional and political employment as
equals to men. Women entered new occupations in the modern sectors in increasing
numbers. Women were elected to Parliament and State Legislatures, became Cabinet
Ministers, Governors of States, Ambassadors, Vice-Chancellors of Universities, and
Judges and exercised their vote in increasing number in elections. Local self-governing
bodies, in both urban and rural areas, were asked to include a few women on their
panels by nomination, if they did not come through election channels.
4.9 Grass-roots Political Parties and Women
Political parties are the life elements which keep the means of communication
between the government and the people. They act as instruments to crystalise people’s
aspirations into party’s manifestos for implementation. The parties are important aids in
transforming the multitude of un-coordinated public wills into an evident public will. It
173
is the power of the parties in electing candidates to office which is the source of their
strength in influencing the course of policy decisions and administrative programmes.
The question is often raised as to the relevance of political parties in local
government. A communication approach other than partisan ways can detect problems
and solving them is comparatively easily at this level because the arena is relatively
small, people are less in number and hence the contact is closer. Clean and efficient
administration and provision of basic amenities would be more than enough. However,
with the string of political consciousness and technological advancement, people in a
large or in a small area have different ideological views. They are keen to adopt
different means reflected through various political parties, for the realization of their
own objectives.
Local units of parties in India, as in other democratic countries, build
themselves upon local services and therefore they invariably seek control over any
governmental units with large powers. There are others who believe that parties ought
to confine their efforts to those areas of government where broad policy is made. But
contrary to such hopes, political practitioners and local citizens are very much
concerned with where a school or hospital is built, where a road is constructed and who
gets a tap. “Who gets what” is a crucial question in any political system, democratic or
authoritarian, and whatever institution has the power to decide, it is invariably a target
for those who want political power.
In India too political parties have built themselves on a local government base.
Long before the Labour Party in Great Britain assumed national power it had won
power in many Municipalities. In India, the success of Subhash Bose and C.R. Das in
strengthening the national movement in Calcutta by gaining control of the Municipal
Corporation is well known. Similarly, the Justice Party in South India established itself
174
by winning control of district local boards. In recent years, both the DMK and Jan
Sangh have tried to gain control of local bodies, both Municipalities and Village
Panchayats, in their quest for state and national power.
The political parties thus have an important role as catalysts in the
representative aspect of the process of local government. The most obvious
contribution which the parties can make is to assist the local body in assuming the
enthusiasm and focusing the support of the electorate. They are the brokers in
transforming public interests into programmes of public action. They are sometimes
indispensable means in aiding the public to select their representatives. Whether in
opposition or not, the party man is in a more effective position than an isolated
independent4.
All the national political parties have their units in urban areas. In this chapter
we are concerned with the political parties as organized at the city level and the
position of women in party hierarchy. Also a probe of such a nature would throw light
on the type of leaders that are put up, named and also sustained by them.
Though each political party differs from others by their policies and progrmmes,
the major political parties do not differ much in their goals towards bringing equality
between men and women. It is to be noted here that all the major political parties in
Bangalore City happen to be branches of broader national party structures. Local
political leaders find it advantageous to have organizational ties with the national
parties in order to get financial and other types of support while the national parties use
these local organizations to muster local support for their national policies and
programmes.
4 Indira Kumari and Sambasiva Rao, Empowerment of Women and Rural Development, Serials
Publications, New Delhi, 2005, p.6.
175
4.10 Electoral Process in Medak district
The Constitution of India has vested, in the Election Commission, the
superintendence, direction and control of the entire process, for conduct of elections to
Parliament and Legislature of every State, and to the offices of President and Vice-
President of India. Village and city local elections have been left to the State
Governments under local Commissioners. Article 40 of the Constitution, which
enshrines one of the Directive Principles of State Policy, lays down that the State shall
take steps to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and,
authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.
The State Election Commissions constituted under the Constitution (Seventy-third and
Seventy-fourth) Amendments Act, 1992 for each State / Union Territory are vested
with the powers of conduct of elections to the Corporations, Muncipalities, Zilla
Parishads, District Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis, Gram Panchayats and other local
bodies and are independent of the Election Commission of India.
4.11 Status of women representatives in rural local bodies in Medak District
The electoral rolls of a gramapanchayat is prepared in accordance with the
provisions of section11 of Andhra Pradesh Panchayat Raj Act 1994 and Andhra
Pradesh Panchayat Raj (Preparation and Publications of electoral rolls) Rules 2000 and
notification is published by the District Panchayat Officers concerned in the respective
gramapanchayats.
176
Ta
ble
-4.6
Ma
nd
al
Wis
e -
Wo
men
Rep
rese
nta
tiv
es i
n R
ura
l L
oca
l B
od
ies
in M
eda
k D
istr
ict:
A s
cen
ari
o
Sarp
an
ch
es
M.P
.T.C
s M
.P.P
s Z
.P.T
.Cs
S.N
o.
Man
dals
Men
W
om
en
M
en
Wom
en
M
en
Wo
men
M
en
Wo
men
Tota
l
Men
Tota
l
Wom
en
Tota
l
S
an
gare
dd
y D
ivis
ion
1
San
gar
dd
y
18
09
13
08
01
0
0
01
32
18
50
2
Kondapur
14
08
07
04
01
0
01
0
23
12
35
3
Sad
asiv
pet
17
09
07
07
0
01
0
01
24
18
42
4
Pat
anch
eru
14
08
12
10
0
01
01
0
27
19
46
5
Ram
chandra
pur
04
02
03
03
0
01
01
0
8
6
14
6
Zahir
abad
23
10
18
09
01
0
0
01
42
20
62
7
Rai
kod
e 16
09
04
07
0
01
01
0
21
17
38
8
Mun
ipal
ly
16
09
06
04
01
0
0
01
23
14
37
9
Jhar
asan
gam
17
11
08
04
01
0
01
0
27
15
42
10
Kohir
13
09
11
05
01
0
01
0
26
14
40
11
Nar
ayankhed
15
08
14
06
01
0
01
0
31
14
45
12
Kan
gti
15
07
09
04
01
0
01
0
26
11
37
13
Kal
her
10
04
08
05
01
0
0
01
19
10
29
14
Man
oor
16
14
10
05
0
01
01
0
27
20
47
15
Nyalk
al
21
10
07
08
0
01
01
0
29
19
48
S
ub-T
ota
l 229
127
13
7
89
9
6
10
5
38
5
227
612
M
edak
Div
isio
n
16
Medak
21
13
12
07
01
0
01
0
35
20
55
17
Shan
ker
am
pet
(A)
12
07
06
05
01
0
0
01
19
13
32
18
Tekm
al
12
06
04
06
0
01
01
0
17
13
30
19
Pap
annapet
14
09
10
05
0
01
01
0
25
15
40
20
An
dole
15
08
11
06
01
0
0
01
27
15
42
21
All
adurg
e 13
08
09
03
01
0
01
0
24
11
35
22
Pulk
al
16
09
10
04
01
0
01
0
28
13
41
23
Reg
ode
13
06
06
03
01
0
0
01
20
10
30
24
Ram
aym
pet
15
07
12
06
01
0
01
0
29
13
42
25
Shan
kar
am
pet
®
14
06
05
07
0
01
01
0
20
14
34
26
Chegunta
14
13
10
05
01
0
01
0
26
18
44
27
Yel
durt
hy
14
06
06
05
0
01
01
0
21
12
33
28
Kulc
har
am
10
05
05
05
0
01
01
0
16
11
27
177
29
Nar
sap
oor
11
08
09
05
0
01
01
0
21
14
35
30
Kow
dip
ally
17
09
09
06
01
0
01
0
28
15
43
31
Jinnar
am
15
08
13
07
0
01
01
0
29
16
45
32
Shiv
am
pet
18
06
08
04
01
0
0
01
27
11
38
33
Hat
hn
oora
14
07
10
04
01
0
0
01
25
12
37
S
ub-T
ota
l 258
141
15
5
93
11
7
13
5
43
7
246
683
S
idd
ipet
Div
isio
n
34
Sid
dip
et
19
10
17
08
0
01
01
0
37
19
56
35
Chin
nakodur
17
09
10
06
01
0
01
0
29
15
44
36
Nan
gu
noor
15
08
08
04
01
0
01
0
25
12
37
37
Gajw
el
16
10
10
09
0
01
01
0
27
20
47
38
Toop
ran
14
08
10
05
01
0
0
01
25
14
39
39
War
gal
11
06
07
05
01
0
0
01
19
12
31
40
Jagadev
apur
14
09
06
07
0
01
01
0
21
17
38
41
Mulu
gu
15
07
06
05
0
01
0
01
21
14
35
42
Doult
abad
18
10
09
05
01
0
01
0
29
15
44
43
Du
bbak
20
12
12
08
0
01
01
0
33
21
54
44
Thoguta
12
05
06
03
01
0
0
01
19
9
28
45
Mir
doddi
08
08
07
04
01
0
0
01
16
13
29
46
Kondapak
12
06
08
05
0
01
0
01
20
13
33
S
ub-T
ota
l 191
108
11
6
74
7
6
7
6
32
1
194
515
T
ota
l 678
376
40
8
256
27
19
30
16
11
43
667
18
10
Sou
rce:
Pan
chayati
Raj
Ele
ctio
ns,
2006.
Tab
le-4
.7
Wom
en R
ep
rese
nta
tives
in
Ru
ral
Local
Bod
ies
in M
edak
Dis
tric
t: A
sce
nario
Sarp
an
ch
es
M.P
.T.C
s M
.P.P
s Z
.P.T
.Cs
S.N
o.
Reven
ue
Div
isio
ns
Men
W
om
en
M
en
Wom
en
M
en
W
om
en
M
en
W
om
en
Tota
l
Men
Tota
l
Wom
en
Tota
l
2
San
ga
Red
dy
229
127
137
89
9
6
10
5
38
5
22
7
61
2
2.
Med
ak
25
8
14
1
15
5
93
1
1
7
13
5
4
37
2
46
6
83
3.
Sid
dip
et
19
1
10
8
11
6
74
7
6
7
6
3
21
1
94
5
15
T
ota
l 6
78
3
76
4
08
2
56
2
7
19
3
0
16
1
14
3
66
7
18
10
Sou
rce:
Pan
chayati
Raj
Ele
ctio
ns,
2006.
178
The above table 4.6 reveals that women participation in Medak District is
much above the average of Andhra Pradesh and India which stands at an ratio of 3.1
and 5.0 respectively against male (Chapter-2). Whereas, women representation in
Medak district, overall, is above 50% which is good considering the comparative
scenarios in other parts of the state and country. The performance is commendable in
Siddipet division as compared to other two divisions of Sangareddy and Medak
divisions. Mannur, Sadasivpet and Patancheru are some of the places where women
have made an impressive performance by winning about equal seats as their male
counterparts which is a good sign of progress and a lesson for other women across the
nation.
As per the above two tables in i.e. 4.6 and 4.7 Medak district, 33% of rural
local bodies have been reserved for women. In the district, 1054 Sarpanches have
been elected in the district out of which 376 are women Sarpanches under reserved
category and remaining 678 Sarpanches have been elected under general category. As
far as MPTCs are concerned there are 664 MPTCs in the district, out of these 256 are
women while 408 are from general category. These figures indicate that 33% of seats
have been reserved for women. On the same lines there are 46 MPPs in the district out
of which 19 MPPs are women while remaining 27 MPPs are from general category.
As far as ZPTCs are concerned, there are 46 ZPTCs out of which 16 are women
ZPTCs while remaining 30 ZPTCs fall under general category. Thus, out of totals
1,819 seats in rural local bodies under various categories, 667 have been found with
women and remaining 1143 are under general category. Thus, the above tables
indicates that after the enactment of 73rd
Constitution Amendment reservations for
179
women are strictly followed in the district under study. Hence 30% of seats in rural
local bodies have been occupied by women.
Table-4.8
List of Elected Mandal Presidents
Details of the M.P.Ps. Sl.No. Name of the
Mandal Name of the MPP Reservation Party
Affiliation
1 2 3 4 5
Medak Division
1 Medak L.Padma Rao SC(G) TDP
2 Shankerampet(A) V.Srinivas Goud UR(G) TDP
3 Tekmal K.Manemma BC(W) INC
4 Papannapet CH.Vinoda Rani SC(W) INC
5 Andole Hanmanthraopet Rama
Goud
BC(G) TDP
6 Alladurge D.Kashinath BC(G) INC
7 Pulkal B.Anjaiah BC(G) INC
8 Regode P.Suresh Kumar UR (G) INC
9 Ramaympet G.Yellaiah SC(G) TRS
10 Shankarampet® Boini Aruna BC(W) TDP
11 Chegunta Karuna Pandu SC(G) TDP
12 Yeldurthy Byagari Malleshwari SC(W) TDP
13 Kulcharam B.Manemma UR(W) INC
14 Narsapoor Ramavath Lalitha ST(W) INC
15 Kowdipally G.Yadagoud BC(G) CPI
16 Jinnaram K.Nirmala BC(W) INC
17 Shivampet Lambadi Govind ST(G) INC
18 Hathnoora P.Anjaneyelu BC(G) INC
Sangareddy
Division
19 Sangarddy Julakanti Anjaneyulu BC(G) INC
20 Kondapur Rajeshwaro Deshpande UR(G) INC
21 Sadasivpet P.Malamma BC(G) TRS
22 Patancheru Dathu Swaroopa SC(W) INC
23 Ramchandrapur S.Madhavi UR(W) INC
24 Zahirabad G.Vijayakumar BC(G) INC
25 Raikode Patel Sharada Bai UR(W) INC
26 Munipally T.Ramreddy UR(G) INC
27 Jharasangam Hanmanthrao Patel UR(G) INC
28 Kohir Md.Showkath Ali UR(G) TDP
29 Narayankhed K.Balkishan BC(G) INC
30 Kangti Pandarinath Rao BC(G) INC
31 Kalher A.Mallesh BC(G) INC
180
32 Manoor K.Veeramani UR(G) INC
33 Nyalkal S.Jangamma UR(W) INC
Siddipet Division
34 Siddipet M.Sarasvati UR(W) TRS
35 Chinnakodur Namla Ramchandram SC(G) TRS
36 Nangunoor Ragula Tharaiah SC(G) INC
37 Gajwel Sathya Laxmi BC(W) TDP
38 Toopran Mekela Arjun UR(G) TDP
39 Wargal B.Mohan SC(G) INC
40 Jagadevapur Y.Mangamma BC(W) TDP
41 Mulugu C.Sarala UR(G) TRS
42 Doultabad Y.Ramakrishna Reddy UR(G) INC
43 Dubbak S.Anasuya BC(W) TDP
44 Thoguta B.Venkat Swamy BC(G) TDP
45 Mirdoddi Nemale Bhaskar UR(G) TDP
46 Kondapak A.Sharada UR(W) TDP
Source: Panchayati Raj Elections 2006
ABSTRACT - MPPs
Political Parties RESERVATION
INC -26 ST(W) ---01
TDP -14 ST(GEN)--01
CPI - 1 SC(W) ---03
TRS -5 SC(GEN)-06
TOTAL 46 BC(W) --06
BC(GEN)-12
UR(W) --06
UR(GEN) -11
TOTAL ---46
The above details explain that out of 46 mandals MPPs in Medak District, 12
mandals have been allotted to women whereas remaining 34 mandals are unreserved.
It indicates that 33% of mandals have been reserved for women. Similarly in the
district either in Rural or Urban Local Bodies 33% of seats has been reserved for
women. Following table depicts the status of reservation of seats for women in rural
local bodies in Medak district.
181
The reservation of the women are showing above table explain that out of 46
MPPs in Madak District i.e., Scheduled Tribe (Women) 1, Schedule Tribe (General)
1, Scheduled Caste (W)-3 Schedule Caste (General) 06, Backward Caste (Women)
06, Backward Caste (General) 12, Unreserved (Women) 06 and Unreserved (General)
11 have been reserved and elected.
According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections this table explain that
out of 46, mandal MPPs in Medak District, 26 mandals have been elected Indian
National Congress (INC) it showing the INC is very strong in the year 2006 in PRIs,
14 mandals have been elected Telugu Desham Party, 1 mandal CPI and 5 mandals
have been elected Telangana Rastra Samithi (TRS) after 2006 the TRS party is
improving.
Table-4.9
List of Elected ZPTCs
Medak Division Name of ZPTC Reservation
1 Medak Mandal kishan goud BC(G) TDP
2 Shankerampet(A) Vigram Lalitha BC(W) TDP
3 Tekmal Masana gari Balaiah SC(G) INC
4 Papannapet Linganna Gari Mallappa UR (G) INC
5 Andole Seri Sunitha UR (W) INC
6 Alladurge K.Srinivasreddy UR (G) INC
7 Pulkal Police Mallappa UR (G) INC
8 Regode Gadeela Geethabai BC (W) INC
9 Ramaympet Sarupu Yadagiri BC(G) TDP
10 Shankarampet® P.Babumohan SC(G) TDP
11 Chegunta Akula Siddiramulu BC (G) TDP
12 Yeldurthy Amuda Anjaneyulu BC(G) TDP
13 Kulcharam Arege Ramesh Kumar BC(G) INC
14 Narsapoor Borlapu Srinivas UR (G) INC
15 Kowdipally Chilumula Ashireddy UR(G) TRS
16 Jinnaram Kolan Balreddy UR(G) INC
17 Shivampet Racha kondaUmarani UR (W) INC
18 Hathnoora Machha Shashikala UR(W) INC
182
Sangareddy
Division
19 Sangarddy Bharathy SC(W) TRS
20 Kondapur Lokredy Gari Manikreddy UR(G) INC
21 Sadasivpet Patlola Nagamani U.R.(w) INC
22 Patancheru Patlolla Mallareddy UR(G) INC
23 Ramchandrapur Ch.Kranti Kiran SC(G) INC
24 Zahirabad Manikyam SC(W) INC
25 Raikode Siddappa UR(G) INC
26 Munipally Desh Pandey Tharabai U.R.(w) INC
27 Jharasangam Gollapandarinath B.C(G) INC
28 Kohir Kohir Narshimulu B.C(G) TDP
29 Narayankhed Patlola Sanjeevareddy UR(G) INC
30 Kangti Rathod Sardar ST(G) INC
31 Kalher Devasothu Anitha ST(W) INC
32 Manoor Roof Singh ST(G) INC
33 Nyalkal Sivajiraopatil B.C(G) INC
Siddipet Division
34 Siddipet Thupakula Balrangam BC (G) TRS
35 Chinnakodur Devunoori Thirupathy B.C(G) TRS
36 Nangunoor Duvvala Mallaiah B.C(G) TRS
37 Gajwel Bollaram Yellaiah SC(G) TDP
38 Toopran Nayeeni Andalamma BC(W) TDP
39 Wargal Thalla Sudharani BC(W) INC
40 Jagadevapur Thudum Prakash SC(G) TDP
41 Mulugu Chettu Sulochana BC(W) TDP
42 Doultabad Chindam Rajkumar BC (G) TDP
43 Dubbak Bakki Venkaiah SC (G) TDP
44 Thoguta Guduru Laxmi SC(W) TDP
45 Mirdoddi Panjala Kavitha BC(W) TDP
46 Kondapak Thum Anjireddy BC(G) TDP
Source: Panchayati Raj Elections 2006.
ABSTRACT – ZPTCs
Political Parties RESERVATION
INC 25 ST(W) ---01
TDP 16 ST(GEN)--01
TRS 5 SC(W) ---03
TOTAL 46 SC(GEN)-06
BC(W) --06
BC(GEN)-12
UR(W) --06
UR(GEN) -11
TOTAL ---46
183
The above details explain that out of 46 mandals in Medak District, 10
(Women Reservation), 06 (Women Unreserved) mandals have been allotted to
women whereas remaining 30 mandals are unreserved. It indicates that 33% of
mandals have been reserved for women. Similarly in the district either in Rural
or Urban Local Bodies 33% of seats has been reserved for women. Following
table depicts the status of reservation of seats for women in rural local bodies in
Medak district.
As per 73rd
Constitutional Amendment Act the reservation of the women
are showing above table explain that out of 46 ZPTCs in Madak District i.e.,
Scheduled Tribe (Women) 1, Schedule Tribe (General) 2, Scheduled Caste
(W)-3 Schedule Caste (General;) 06, Backward Caste (Women) 06, Backward
Caste (General) 13, Unreserved (Women) 05 and Unreserved (General) 10
have been reserved and elected.
According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections this table
explain that out of 46, ZPTCs in Medak District, 25 mandals have been elected
Indian National Congress (INC) it showing the INC is very strong in the year
2006 in PRIs, 16 mandals have been elected Telugu Desham Party, and 5
mandals have been elected Telangana Rastra Samithi (TRS).
184
Ta
ble
-4.1
0
Sel
ect
ed M
an
dals
(1
0)
Ele
cted
Wo
men
Rep
rese
nta
tiv
es i
n R
ural
Lo
cal
Bo
die
s in
Sel
ecte
d S
tud
y M
an
da
ls
Sl.
No.
Na
me
of
the
Rev
enu
e
Div
isio
n/M
an
da
l
Sa
rpan
ch
(W)
MP
TC
(W)
MP
P
ZP
TC
T
ota
l (W
)
Sa
nga R
edd
y R
even
ue
Div
isio
n
1.
Sad
asiv
pet
0
9
07
B
-C (
G)
W
UR
(W
) 1
8
2.
Zah
eera
bad
1
0
09
B
.C (
G)
Mal
e S
C (
W)
20
3.
Ny
alk
al
10
0
8
UR
(W
) B
.C (
G)
Mal
e 1
9
S
ub
-To
tal
57
Med
ak
Rev
enu
e D
ivis
ion
4.
Nar
sap
ur
0
8
05
S
.T (
W)
UR
(G
) M
ale
14
5.
Sh
ivam
pet
0
6
04
S
.T (
G)
Mal
e U
R (
W)
11
6.
An
do
l 0
8
06
B
.C.
(G)
Mal
e U
R (
W)
15
7.
Reg
od
0
6
03
U
R(G
) B
.C(W
) 1
0
S
ub
-To
tal
50
Sid
dip
et R
even
ue
Div
isio
n
8.
Mu
lug
u
07
0
5
UR
(G)
(W)
B.C
(W)
14
9.
Ko
nd
apak
0
6
05
U
R(W
) B
.C(G
) M
ale
12
10
. M
ird
od
di
08
0
4
UR
(G)
Mal
e B
.C(W
) 1
3
S
ub
: T
ota
l 3
9
G
ran
d T
ota
l 1
46
So
urc
e: P
an
cha
yan
ti R
aj
Ele
ctio
ns,
20
06
.
185
The above table-4.10 shows that the selected study three Revenue
Divisions and ten mandals, these mandals are reserved for women including SC,
ST and BC, General Women. In Sanga Reddy Revenue Division is 57 Reserved
for Women. In Medak Revenue Division is 50 seats reserved for women. The
Siddipet Revenue Division is 39 reserved for women. The mandals effectively
showing more women participation so that reason the researcher has been
selected above showing 10 mandals for this study.
4.12 Profile of Selected Revenue Divisions and Mandals
4.12.1 Sanga Reddy Revenue Division
Sangareddi or Sangareddy, earlier known as Sangareddypeta is the
district headquarters of Medak District in the state of Telangana in India. It is
about 72 km from Medak and 55 km from Hyderabad and is located on
Hyderabad—Mumbai Highway (NH9). This is the biggest town in Medak
district. It has got its name by the ruler Sanga, who is the son of Rani
Shankaramba, ruler of Medak during the period of Nizams.
According to 2011 census, in Sanga Reddy Revenue Division having are
15 mandals. The population of Sanga Reddy Revenue Division is 9,30,686 out
of which male population is 4,72,913 and female population is 4,57,773,
Scheduled Tribe Male is 36,966, Scheduled Tribe Female is 34,481, Scheduled
Caste Male is 9,5034, Scheduled Caste Female 9,37,753 and the others male is
3,40,913 and others Female 3,2953 respectively. The ST total population in this
Revenue Division is 71,447 which is 4.00 percent to the total population.
186
Similarly, the SC population in this mandal is 1,88,787 which accounts to 15.00
percent to the total population.
It has three large-scale public sector industries in its constituency. Those
are BHEL (Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited). One of the NAVARATNA
companies of Government of India), BDL (Bharat Dynamics Limited), where
one of India's most powerful missile PRITHVI was produced), Ordnance
Factory Medak (which manufactures the Sarath tanks for the Indian Army). It is
also known for Pathancheruvu which is the biggest industrial corridor in Asia.
The town is categorized into Old Sangareddy and New Sangareddy. Old
Sangareddy is typically like Old City in Hyderabad. The area is well-renowned
for its bazaars which sale bangles, dresses, fancy items, vegetables, general
stores items and many other home needs items. The roads in this area are quite
busy during the festive seasons like Ramzan, Dassera & Diwali.
Since Sangareddy is near from Hyderabad, it is well connected to other
areas like Hi-tech city, Central shopping mall at Panjagutta and to the central of
Hyderabad. The NH-9 is passes through the city. Sangareddy has two Bus
Stations which are Old for Ordinary service and new for luxury and other
services.
The frequency of buses is very good and especially to Hyderabad is very
High Because most of the people travel in daily basis to office or college or for
the business purposes.
About 15 km Away from Sangareddy there is a outer ring road which
connects to Shamshabad airport- Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Hyderabad
187
and to Gachibowli, Medchal which are very broad roads and free of traffic and
pollution , you can reach your destination in no time.
The nearest railway stations are Lingampally which is about 30KM and
Secunderabad about 50Km and Nampally Station around 55KM. In the next
coming years it is expected that there would be Metro rail/ MMTS track in 5
years so as to connect from Lingampally - Patancheru-Gitam university-IIT
Hyderabad-Sangareddy.
Nearest Airport is Shamshabad International Airport which is 70 km from
Sangareddy. The Outer Ring Road (Hyderabad) makes easy to reach the town
According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in the Sanga
Redddy Revenue Division in Medak District the total elected representatives
including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 612 out of this 385 men
representatives and the remaining are 257 women representatives are elected in
the Sangareddy Revenue Division. In Rangareddy Revenue Division elected
representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 356 out of these 229 Men and 127 Women;
total MPTCs is 226 out of these 137 Men and 89 Female; total MPPs is 15
out these 09 men and 6 women; ZPTCs is 15 out of these 10 men and 5 women
reserved to the women have been elected in this Revenue Division.
4.12.1.1 Sadasivpet Mandal
Sadasivpet or Sadaseopet is a mandal and a municipality in Medak
district in the Indian State of Telangana, Sadasivpet is located at 17.61670N
77.95000E. It has an average elevation of 534 meters (1755 feet). As per 2011
India census, this mandal having 26 villages. Sadasivpet had a population of
188
59,501 out of these Male population is 30,387 and the Female population is
29,114 and the ST population is 8,598 and SC population is 12,270. Male
constitutes 51% of the population and female 49%. Sadasivpet has an average
literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is
71%, and female literacy is 54%. In Sadasivpet, 15% of the population is under
6 years of age. Sadasivapet is the mandal headquarters with more than 20
villages under it. 45 Kmtrs. away from District Head Quarter and 15 Kmtrs. East
to Sangareddy and 65 Kmtrs. East to Hyderabad. The Sadasivpet mandal is
linked by road to Hyderabad and Gulbargah. Sadasivpet is mainly agriculture
based and Sugar Cane, Paddy, Ground Nut are the main crops.
According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Sadasivpet
mandal, Sangareddy Revenue Division in Medak District total elected
representatives including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 62 out of
this 24 are men and 18 are women elected representatives. In Sadasivpet mandal
elected representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 26 out of these 17 Men and 09 Women;
total MPTCs is 14 out of these 7 Men and 7 Female; total MPP is one seat to
reserved to women and the ZPTC is also reserved to the women have been
elected in this Revenue Division.
4.12.1.2 Zaheerabad Mandal
Zahirabad or Badi Ekkhelli is a Municipal Town in Medak district of
Telangana, India. Zahirabad township was originally called Badi Ekkhelli. It was
earlier also known as "Akkampalli." The name was changed for Muhammad
Zaheeruddin (Zaheer Yar Jung Bahadur) a member of the Sufi Islamic
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Aristocratic family, the Paigah clan, of Hyderabad state. Zaheerudin was the
eldest son of Dowlah Bahadur, a follower of the Zoroastrain divinity, Asman.
Though the name has been changed, Badi Ekkhelli is used locally. As per 2011
India census, Zaheerabad mandal having 33 villages. Zaheerabad mandal
density populated mandal in the Sanga Reddy Revenue Division had a
population of 1,18,919 out of these Male population is 60,186 and the Female
population is 58,733 and the ST population is 13,835 and SC population is
21,912.
Near the town, in Jharasangam village and mandal, there is an ancient
temple of Lord Siva, called Kethaki Sangameshwara Swamy or Astha Theertha
Amrutha Gundam or Dakshina Kasi. Raja Kupendra, the king of Surya Vamsha
during Krutha Yug was suffering from an incurable skin disease. While on a
routine hunting expedition, he came to the Kethaki Vanam and found a stream,
where he washed his body. On returning home, he found that his skin disease
was completely cured. That same night, the Lord Samgameshwar appeared in a
dream and asked the Raja to construct a Sanatorium over Shiva Lingam. The
Raja Kupendra constructed the temple over Shiva Lingam and converted the
stream into a pushkarini. Due to its historical and religious importance, the
people from Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh (the Telangana areas)
visit the temple and pay homage to Lord Siva, and perform gunda pooja (a
special ritual of observance).
It is also said that after creating the world, the Lord Brahma visited the
site for meditation. As the Lord Brahma founded the Bhanakara Lingam the
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poojas (devotional ceremonies) are performed with kethaki flowers, which are
not usually used in the pooja ceremony. There are eight theerthas: Narayana,
Dharna, Rushi, Varuna, Soma, Rudra, Indira and Datha
According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Zaheerabad
mandal, Sangareddy Revenue Division in Medak District total elected
representatives including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 62 out of
this 42 men and 20 women representatives. In Zaheerabad mandal elected
representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 33 out of these 23 Men and 10 Women; total
MPTCs is 27 out of these 18 Men and 09 Female; total MPP is one seat to
reserved to men and the ZPTC is one seat reserved to the women have been
elected in this Revenue Division.
4.12.1.3 Nayalkal Mandal
Nyalkal or Nayalkal is a Village and Mandal in Medak district in the
Indian State of Telangana, It is bounded by Manoor, Raikode, Jharasangam and
Zahirabad mandals in Medak district and Bidar district of Karnataka state.
Nayalkal is located at 17.85000N 77.6667
0E. It has an average elevation of
585 metres (1922 ft). According to Indian Census, 2011, the demographic details
of Nyalkal mandal are as follows: Total Population: 57,110, Male Population:
28,848 and Female Population: 28.262; ST Population 696; SC Population:
15,094.
The villages in Nyalkal mandal includes 31 villages: Ameerabad, Atnur,
Basanthpur, Chalki, Cheekurthi, Chingepalle, Dappur, Gangwar, Ganjoti,
Hadnur, Hussain Nagar, Husselli, Ibrahimpur, Kakijanwada, Kalbemal,
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Khaleelpur, Malgi, Mamidgi, Mariampur, Metalkunta, Mirjapur, Mirzapur,
Mungi, Nayamathabad, Nyalkal, Raghapur, Rajola, Ratnapur, Rejinthal, Tekur,
Waddi etc.
According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Nyalkal
mandal, Sangareddy Revenue Division in Medak District total elected
representative including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 48 out of
these 29 men and 19 women elected representatives. In Nayalkal mandal elected
representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 31 out of these 21 Men and 10 Women; total
MPTCs is 15 out of these 7 Men and 08 Women; total MPP is one seat to
reserved to women and the ZPTC is one seat reserved to the men have been
elected in this Revenue Division.
4.12.2 Medak Revenue Division
Medak is a Revenue Division in Medak District of Telangana, India
having 18 mandals. It is 104 km north of the state capital Hyderabad. Medak is
located at 18.030N 78.27
0E. It has an average elevation of 442 meters (1450
feet) with 18 mandals. The original name of Medak is believed to be
Siddapuram. The town's name was later changed to Gulshanabad, and then
Medak. As of India's 2011 census, the total population of Medak municipality is
115,177 in a total of 25,110 households. India’s census splits population counts
between rural and urban areas. The 2011 census found that the urban population
was 46,880 people across 9,571 households, and the rural population was 68,297
people across 15,539 households. The largest employer in Medak is Ordnance
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Factory Medak, of the Ordnance Factories Board. It manufactures products for
the Indian Armed Forces and is the largest contributor to Medak's economy.
According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in the Medak
Revenue Division in Medak District the total elected representatives including
(Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 683 out of this 437 men
representatives and the remaining are 246 women representatives are elected in
the Medak Revenue Division. In Medak Revenue Division elected
representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 399 out of these 258 Men and 141 Women;
total MPTCs is 248 out of these 155 Men and 93 Female; total MPPs is 18 out
these 11 men and 7 women; ZPTCs is 18 out of these 13 men and 5 women
reserved to the women have been elected in this Revenue Division.
4.12.2.1 Narsapur Mandal
Narsapur is one of the major towns in Medak district, Telangana state,
India having 19 villages. It is located 60 km North of Hyderabad. The history of
this town dates back to the Kakatiya reign. Although people of various religious
backgrounds live in Narsapur town, they have embraced the Telangana culture.
As per 2011 India census, this mandal having 19 villages. Narsapur Mandal had
a population of 53,774 out of these Male population is 27,297 and Female
population is 26,477 and the ST population is 8,282 and SC population is 7,785.
Narsapur is a small town with greenery, surrounded by hills and thick
forest. Earlier Narsapur was known for "Naxalites"; but more recently it has
changed substantially because of modernization and development in AP,
especially in areas surrounding Hyderabad. Narsapur has one of the largest
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village irrigation tanks (Rai Rao Cheruvu) in Medak District. Narsapur was
chosen as one of the first locations to start use of the Multi-Purpose National
Identity Card (MNIC) in India.
Narsapur Reserve Forest, the largest forest (Citation needed) in the
suburbs of Greater Hyderabad, is spread between Gummadidala and Narsapur
towns. This dense patch of forest spans 30 to 40 km². It has a mini-ghat section,
thick forest with a variety of trees, shrubs, herbs (including medicinal plants),
and grasses, several small lakes. The forest and irrigation tanks of this mandal
support a range of wildlife (fauna include rhesus macaque, spotted deer, four-
horned antelope, jackal, wild boar, leopard, rat snake, Russell's viper, peacock,
and many other species of small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds, fish,
crustaceans, insects, spiders, ...). In the past, the Municipal Corporation of
Hyderabad used this forest as the release site for monkeys captured in the city,
and the approach road to Narsapur from Hyderabad is now often lined with
troops of Rhesus Macaques begging for food from passing motorists. This forest
is one of the regular venues for monthly Sunday field trips of the Birdwatchers
Society of Andhra Pradesh (BSAP), which has records of bird observations from
here dating back 30 years. Lately, the village has become a hotspot for trekking
and Telugu film shootings. Films shot here include 'Ratri', 'Telangana',
'Adrustam', 'Chantigadu', 'Dee', 'A film by Aravind' and many more.
Narsapur is now known for the Padmasri Dr. B.V. Raju Institute of
Technology, an engineering college. The college was started by the
philanthropist Padmabhushan Dr. B. V. Raju garu. The college offers Post
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Graduate courses in Electronics and Chemical engineering streams. The college
has also started to offer MCA. Narsapur is vital constituency for local political
parties. Vakiti Sunita Reddy has won the last three Assembly elections from
here.
According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Narsapur
mandal, Medak Revenue Division in Medak District total elected representative
including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 35 out of these 21 men and
remaining 14 women representatives. In Narsapur mandal elected
representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 19 out of these 11 Men and 08 Women; total
MPTCs is 14 out of these 09 Men and 05 women; total MPP is one seat to
reserved to women and the ZPTC is one seat reserved to men have been elected
in this Revenue Division.
4.12.2.2 Sivampet Mandal
The villages in Shivampet mandal in Medak district of Telangana, India
includes 26 villages: Allipur, Bijilipur, Chandi, Chinna Gottimukkula, Donthi,
Edulapur, Gangapalle, Gomaram, Gundlapalle, Kottala, Konthan Pally,
Kothapet, Nawabpet, Pambanda, Parkibanda, Pedda Gottimukula, Pillutla,
Potharam, Pothula Boguda, Ratnapoor, Shabashpalle, Shivampet, Sikindlapur,
Thimmapur, Usirikapalle etc. As per 2011 India census, this mandal having 26
villages. Shivampet Mandal had a population of 45,132 out of these Male
population is 22,505 and Female population is 22,627 and the ST population is
5,963 and SC population is 7,084.
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According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Shivampet
mandal, Medak Revenue Division in Medak District total elected representative
including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 36 out of these 27 men and
remaining 11 women elected representatives. In Shivampet mandal elected
representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 24 out of these 18 Men and 06 Women; total
MPTCs is 12 out of these 08 Men and 04 women; MPP is one seat to reserved to
men and the ZPTC is one seat reserved to women have been elected in this
Revenue Division.
4.12.2.3 Andol Mandal
Andole is a Manda in Medak district of Telangana State, India located
about 33 kilometers from Medak and 60 kilometers from Hyderabad. Andole
mandal includes 30 Villages: Aksanpalle, Almaipet, Andole,
Annasagar,brahmanpalle, Chintakunta, Dakoor, Jogipet, Kansanpally,
Kichanapalle, Kodekal, Mansanpalle, Masanpalle, Nadlapur, Neerdigunta,
Posanipet, Pothareddipalle, Ramsanpalle, Rollapahad, Saibanpet, Sangaipet,
Tadamanoor, Talelma, Yerraram, Budhera, Munipally, Doulthabad, Siroor,
Raikode, and Madhapoor. As per 2011 India census, this mandal having 30
villages. Andole Mandal had a population of 39,585 out of these Male
population is 19,739 and Female population is 19,846 and the ST population is
412 and SC population is 9,720.
According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Andol mandal,
Medak Revenue Division in Medak District total elected representative
including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 42 out of this 27 men and
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remaining 15 women elected representatives. In Andol mandal elected
representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 23 out of these 15 Men and 08 Women; total
MPTCs is 17 out of these 11 Men and 06 women; MPP is one seat to reserved to
men and the ZPTC is one seat reserved to women have been elected in this
Revenue Division.
4.12.2.4 Regode Mandal
Regode is a Village and Mandal in Medak district of Telangana State, India.
Regode mandal is bounded by Manoor, Narayankhed, Shankarampet Alladurg,
Andole, Pulkal, Munpalle and Raikode mandals. Regode is located at 17.98330N
77.83330E. It has an average elevation of 506 metres (1663 ft). The villages in
Regode mandal includes 24 villages: Chowderpalle, Devnoor, Dosapalle,
Dudiyal, Gajwada, Jagriyal, Khaderabad, Kondapur, Kothwalpalle, Marpalle,
Medikonda, Nirjipala, Pyararam, Pocharam, R. Itikyal, Regode, Saipet, Sindole,
Timmapoor, Tatipally, T.Lingampalle, M.Venkatapoor, Usrikpalle,
Darakastupally etc.
According to Indian Census, 2011, the demographic details of Regode
mandal are as follows: Total Population: 36,167 in 5,980 Households. Male
Population: 18,362 and Female Population: 17,805 , ST population is 2,682 and
SC population is 8,474.
According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Regode
mandal, Medak Revenue Division in Medak District total elected representative
including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 30 out of these 20 men and
10 women representatives. In Regode mandal elected representatives
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i.e.Sarpanches is 19 out of these 13 Men and 06 Women; total MPTCs is 09 out
of these 06 Men and 03 women; MPP is one seat to reserved to men and the
ZPTC is one seat reserved to women have been elected in this Revenue Division.
4.12.3 Siddipet Revenue Division
Siddipet is a town and selection grade Municipality in Medak district of
Telangana State, India, with a population of 1,80,690. It is the biggest city in
Medak district and is 104 kilometres (65 mi) away from the state capital,
Hyderabad, and 92 kilometres (57 mi) away from Secunderabad. Siddipet is
located at 18.10N 78.85
0E. It has an average elevation of 675 metres (2,215 ft).
Komati Cheruvu, Narsapur Cheruvu and the Yerra Cheruvu are the major lakes
nearby Siddipet.
According to the Indian census of 2011, Siddipet had a population of
6,22,247. As per 2011 census, Siddipet has a population of approximately
1,80,000 (The population drastically increased after merging two neighboring
villages in Siddipet municipality. The population of males constitutes 50% and
females 50%. Siddipet has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the
national average of 59.5%: The male literacy rate is 89.84% and female literacy
is 69.44%. In Siddipet, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. The
municipality consists 32 wards/divisions. There is a need for forming Siddipet as
a district because it is far away from the present district headquarters
Sangareddy. It has all resources to exist as a new district.
Siddipet is famous for rice mills. The town is surrounded by more than
120 rice mills. Arch Pharmaceuticals, a pharma industry, is situated near
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Mittapally, Siddipet. There is also a textile mill in Siddipet. This town has lots of
poultry (Layer) farms, which in terms stood as number 1 in Telangana State.
Almost 3 million eggs would be collected from all the farms every day. There
are many fried pulses industries, like Raghavendra Industry, and has also
Alankrutha handloom industry. There are also famous super markets like
Vaishnavi Super Market,More super market and Gattu Krishna Murthy
Jewellers.
According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in the Siddipet
Revenue Division in Medak District the total elected representatives including
(Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTCs) is 515 out of this 321 men
representatives and the remaining are 194 women representatives are elected in
the Siddipet Revenue Division. In Siddipet Revenue Division elected
representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 299 out of these 191 Men and 108 Women;
total MPTCs is 190 out of these 116 Men and 74 Female; total MPPs is 13 out
these 17 men and 6 women; ZPTCs is 13 out of these 07 men and 06 women
reserved to the women have been elected in this Revenue Division.
4.12.3.1 Mulug Mandal
Mulug is a Mandal in Medak district of Telangana State, India. The
villages in Mulug mandal includes 30 villages : Achaipalle, Aliabad,
Bahilampur, Banda Mailaram, Baswapuram, Chinnathimapur, Damarakunta,
Dasarlapalle, Gangadharapalle, Karkapatla, Kasireddypally, Ksheerasagar,
Annasagar,Vagunoothi, Vantimamidi, Kamalabad, Kokkonda, Kolthur, Kotiyal,
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Lakshmakkapalle, Mamidiyal, Markook, Mulug, Nagireddypalle, Narsapur,
Singannagudem, Surampur, Tunkibollaram, Zapthisingaipalle etc.
According to Indian Census, 2011, the demographic details of Mulugu
mandal are as follows: Total Population: 44,076. Male Population: 22,168 and
Female Population: 21,908, ST population is 658 and SC population is 9,087.
According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Mulugu
mandal, Siddipet Revenue Division in Medak District total elected
representative including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPP and ZPTC) is 35 out of
these 21 men and remaining 14 women representatives. In Mulugu mandal
elected representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 22 out of these 15 Men and 07 Women;
total MPTCs is 11 out of these 06 Men and 05 women; MPP is one seat to
reserved to women and the ZPTC is one seat also reserved to women have been
elected in this Revenue Division.
4.12.3.2 Kondapak Mandal
Kondapak is a Mandal in the Medak district of Telangana state, India.
Kondapak mandal big mandal in the Siddipet Revenue Division includes 37
villages: Sirisnagandla, Marpadaga, Duddeda, Thimmareddypally, Kuknurpalle,
Lakudaram, Medinpur, Dammakkapally, Ankireddy Pally, Thoguta, Tukkapur,
Bandaram, Bandarupalle, Etigaddakistapur, Vellikattu, Vemulaghat, Yellareddy
peta, Erravally, Mangole, Zapti Nacharam, Khammam Pally, Nagireddipally,
Giraipalle, Odencheruvu, pedda Masanpalle, Thurka Kashi Nagar, Konai pally,
Thipparam, Bobbaipally, Singaram, Mathepally, Ramunipally, Domalonipally,
Sarlapally, Muddapur, Ambedkarnagar and Pitalawada.
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According to Indian Census, 2011, the demographic details of Mulugu
mandal are as follows: Total Population: 48,592 out of this Male Population:
24,216 and Female Population: 24,376, ST population is 215 and SC population
is 10,258.
According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Kondapak
mandal, Siddipet Revenue Division in Medak District total elected representative
including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPP and ZPTC) is 33 out of these 20 men and
13 women elected representatives. In Kondapak mandal elected representatives
i.e. Sarpanches is 18 out of these 12 Men and 06 Women; total MPTCs is 08 out
of these 06 Men and 05 women; MPP is one seat to reserved to women and the
ZPTC is one seat also reserved to women have been elected in this Revenue
Division.
4.12.3.3 Mirdoddi Mandal
Mirdoddi is a mandal of Medak district in Talangana state, India.
Mirdoddi Mandal in the Siddipet Revenue Division includes 16 villages. It is
located 91 KM towards East from District head quarters Sangareddi 3 KM from
Sangareddy Revenue Division. It is 89 KMs from Mirdoddi Mandal to State
capital of Hyderabad.
According to Indian Census, 2011, the demographic details of Miroddi
mandal are as follows: Total Population: 42,002 in 5,980 Households. Male
Population: 20,637 and Female Population: 21,365, ST population is 351, SC
population is 5,083 and others are 31, 998 including BC, OC and Minorities.
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According to Indian Census, 2011, the demographic details of Mulugu
mandal are as follows: Total Population: 44,076. Male Population: 22,168 and
Female Population: 21,908, ST population is 658 and SC population is 9,087.
According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Mirdoddi
mandal, Siddipet Revenue Division in Medak District total elected
representative including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 29 out of
these 16 men and remaining 13 women representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 16 out
of these 08 Men and 08 Women; total MPTCs is 11 out of these 07 Men and 04
women; MPP is one seat to reserved to men and the ZPTC is one seat also
reserved to women have been elected in this Revenue Division.
4.13 Summing up
The empowerment and autonomy of women and the improvement of
women’s social, economic and political status is essential for the achievement of
both transparent and accountable government and administration and sustainable
development in all areas of life. The power relations that prevent women from
leading fulfilling lives operate at many levels of society, from the most personal
to the highly public. Women all over the world have participated widely in
political movements in times of crisis but, once the crisis is over, they are
relegated again to the domestic arena. Women in politics and decision-making
positions in Governments and legislative bodies contribute to redefining political
priorities, placing new items on the political agenda that reflect and address
women’s gender-specific concerns, values and experiences, and providing new
perspectives on mainstream political issues. The Indian Constitution guarantees
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political equality through the institution of adult franchise and the right to
equality which prohibits discrimination on the grounds of sex. The equal
political status will not be realized by mere declaration in the constitution.
Women are guaranteed 33% reservation which is their constitutional right in
elections. While women participation is stagnant at around 44% in India and
world over, the status in Medak district is heartening as most of the reserved
seats have been contested in Medak Districts. Medak District with a population
of 30.33 lakhs in 2011 has a rural population of around 85%. The SC population
is around 16.31% and ST population is around 5.24%. The perceptions of
women in regards to their leader, especially women leaders, will be tabulated
and analysed in the following chapter in order to assessed the ability and
performance of women leader in their area and what respondents feel could help
the women leader in achieving equal status among its male counterparts.