43. The Many Voices of Rock
• Rock and Roll (1950s)• Origins in rhythm and blues,
country-western• Vocal genre• Form: Twelve-bar, 32-bar form• Driving rhythm
– Emphasis on backbeat• Crossed racial lines
The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Complete Edition
43. The Many Voices of Rock
• Late 1950s, new teen idols
– Gentler, more lyrical style
– Bobby Darin, Paul Anka
• Soul: blend of gospel, pop, rhythm and blues
– Ray Charles, “father” of soul
– Sam Cooke, James Brown, Aretha Franklin
• Motown: First and most successful black-owned record label
– Represented soul music
– Diana Ross and the Supremes, Martha Reeves and the Vandellas,
Smokey Robinson and the Miracles
The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Complete Edition
43. The Many Voices of Rock
• 1960s revitalization• The Beatles
– Creative experiments– Complex harmonies
• The Rolling Stones– American RnB–“Bad boy” image
• California Bands– The Beach Boys– The Byrds
• Acid Rock
The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Complete Edition
Dylan: Mr. Tambourine Man (1965)(Listening Guide)
• Four-verse/chorus folk song
• Raspy voice, acoustic guitar, harmonica
• Duple meter, no accented backbeat
• Text refers to loneliness or escape from life
• Accompanied by simple chords
The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Complete Edition
43. The Many Voices of Rock
• 1970s eclecticism• Art rock
– Large forms– Complex harmonies
• Jazz rock– Jazz– Blues– Rock
• Latin rock– Percussion instruments– Polyrhythms
The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Complete Edition
43. The Many Voices of Rock• 1970s and 1980s sub-genres• West Coast rock
– Relaxed California sound– Eagles, Doobie Brothers
• British heavy metal– Influenced by Mahler and Wagner– Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath
• Glam rock– Showy, theatrical– David Bowie, Lou Reed
• Punk rock– Rebellious, simple repetitive– The Ramones, Sex Pistols
The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Complete Edition
43. Rock and the Global SceneReactions to punk and heavy metals
• 1970s disco dance music
– Repetitive lyrics, sung in high range, thumping mechanical beat
– Bee Gees
• Reggae; Jamaican style, off-beat rhythms, chanted vocals
– Bob Marley and the Wailers, Black Uhurn
• New wave: Off shoot of punk rock with synthesizers, alienation, and
social consciousness
– Elvis Costello, Police, Blondie, the Talking Heads
The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Complete Edition
43. The Many Voices of Rock• The 1980s and beyond• Development of music videos
– MTV premiered 1981• Superstars of the 1980s
– Michael Jackson, Bruce Springsteen, Prince, Madonna
• 1980s groups contributed to social causes
– U2• Rap emerged from hip hop
– Run DMC• Grunge Rock
– Pearl Jam, Nirvana
The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Complete Edition
43. The Many Voices of Rock
“Alternative” rock late 1990s: breadth of styles
• Beck: Combines hip hop, soul, country
• Björk: Icelandic style
• English: Radiohead
The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Complete Edition
43. The Many Voices of RockCountry-Western music
• Origins in mountains of Appalachia• Country music songs tell a story, not often happy• Labeled “hillbilly” music in 1920s
– Early groups popularized “blue yodel” and steel guitar Carter Family, Jimmie Rodger– Hollywood and singing cowboys Gene Autry (Tumblin’ Tumbleweeds, 1936)– Nashville radio: The Grand Ol’ Opry Bluegrass debuted on The Grand Ol’ Opry – Traditional folk melodies, quick tempos, high vocal harmonies– Acoustic string band: violin, mandolin, guitar, five-string banjo, double bass Monroe Brothers, Lester Flatt, Earl Scruggs– Nashville Sound: Highly polished singers
Patsy Cline (Walkin’ after Midnight, 1957)
The Enjoyment of Music 11th, Complete Edition
43. The Many Voices of RockCountry-Western Music
• 1950s: Electrified sound, honkytonk
– Hank Williams, Johnny Cash
• 1960s and ’70s
– Classic country music: Loretta Lynn, Merle Haggard
– Mainstream country: John Denver, Glen Campbell
– Country rock: Allman Brothers
• 1980s audience increased
– Country sound combined with pop songwriting
– Dolly Parton, Willie Nelson
• 1990s country music boom
– Garth Brooks, Shania TwainThe Enjoyment of Music 11th, Complete Edition