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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 1
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
Chapter 5
The Definite Integral
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
5.1
Estimating with Finite Sums
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 4
Quick Review Solutions
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What you’ll learn about
Distance Traveled Rectangular Approximation Method (RAM) Volume of a Sphere Cardiac Output
… and why
Learning about estimating with finite sums sets the
foundation for understanding integral calculus.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 6
Example Finding Distance Traveled when Velocity Varies
2A particle starts at 0 and moves along the -axis with velocity ( )
for time 0. Where is the particle at 3?
x x v t t
t t
Graph and partition the time interval into subintervals of length . If you use
1/ 4, you will have 12 subintervals. The area of each rectangle approximates
the distance traveled over the subint
v t
t
erval. Adding all of the areas (distances)
gives an approximation to the total area under the curve (total distance traveled)
from 0 to 3.t t
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 7
Example Finding Distance Traveled when Velocity Varies
2
Continuing in this manner, derive the area 1/ 4 for each subinterval and
add them:
1 9 25 49 81 121 169 225 289 361 441 529 2300
256 256 256 256 256 256 256 256 256 256 256 256 2568.98
im
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 8
LRAM, MRAM, and RRAM approximations to the area under the graph of y=x2 from x=0 to x=3
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 9
Example Estimating Area Under the Graph of a Nonnegative Function
2Estimate the area under the graph of ( ) sin from 0 to 3.f x x x x x
Apply the RAM program (found in the that
accompanies this textbook).
Using 1000 subintervals, you find the left endpoint
approximate area of 5.77476
Technology Resource Manual
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
5.2
Definite Integrals
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 11
Quick Review
42
1
4
1
3 3 3
42
1
Evaluate the sum.
1.
2. 3 1
Write the sum in sigma notation.
3. 2 3 4 ... 49 50
4. 2 4 6 8 ... 98 100
5. 3(1) 3(2) ... 3(100)
6. Write the expression as a single sum in sigma notation
n
k
n
n
k
n
4
1
0
0
3
7. Find 1 if is odd.
8. Find 1 if is even.
n
n k
k
n k
k
n
n
n
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 12
Quick Review Solutions
50
4
2
50
1
1003
1
2
1
4
1
3 3 3
Evaluate the sum.
1.
2. 3 1
Write the sum in sigma notation.
3. 2 3 4 ... 49 50
4. 2 4 6 8 ... 98 100
5. 3(1) 3(2) ... 3(100)
6. Writ
30
34
2
e the expres
3
k
k
k
n
k
n
k
k
k
k
4 42
1 1
0
0
42
1sion as a single sum in sigma notation 3
7. Find 1 if is odd.
8. Find 1 if is even.
3
0
1
nn n
n k
k
n k
k
n n
n
n n
n
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 13
What you’ll learn about
Riemann Sums The Definite Integral Computing Definite Integrals on a Calculator Integrability
… and whyThe definite integral is the basis of integral calculus, just as the derivative is the basis of differential calculus.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 14
Sigma Notation
1 2 3 11
...n
k n nk
a a a a a a
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The Definite Integral as a Limit of Riemann Sums
-1
0
Let be a function defined on a closed interval [ , ]. For any partition
of [ , ], let the numbers be chosen arbitrarily in the subinterval [ , ].
If there exists a number such that lim
k k k
P
f a b P
a b c x x
I 1
( )
no matter how and the 's are chosen, then is on [ , ] and
is the of over [ , ].
n
k kk
k
f c x I
P c f a b
I f a b
integrable
definite integral
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 16
The Existence of Definite Integrals
All continuous functions are integrable. That is, if a function is
continuous on an interval [ , ], then its definite integral over
[ , ] exists.
f
a b
a b
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 17
The Definite Integral of a Continuous Function on [a,b]
1
Let be continuous on [ , ], and let [ , ] be partitioned into subintervals
of equal length ( - ) / . Then the definite integral of over [ , ] is
given by lim ( ) , where each is chon
k kn k
f a b a b n
x b a n f a b
f c x c
th
sen arbitrarily in the
subinterval.k
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 18
The Definite Integral
( )b
a f x dx
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Example Using the Notation
th
2
1
The interval [-2,4] is partitioned into subintervals of equal length 6 / .
Let denote the midpoint of the subinterval. Express the limit
lim 3 2 5 as an integral.
k
n
k kn k
n x n
m k
m m x
2 4 2
21
lim 3 2 5 3 2 5n
k kn km m x x x dx
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 20
Area Under a Curve (as a Definite Integral)
If ( ) is nonnegative and integrable over a closed interval [ , ],
then the area under the curve ( ) from to is the
, ( ) .b
a
y f x a b
y f x a b
A f x dx
integral
of from to f a b
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 21
Area
Area= ( ) when ( ) 0.
( ) area above the -axis area below the -axis .
b
a
b
a
f x dx f x
f x dx x x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 22
The Integral of a Constant
If ( ) , where is a constant, on the interval [ , ], then
( ) ( ) b b
a a
f x c c a b
f x dx cdx c b a
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 23
Example Using NINT
2
-1Evaluate numerically. sinx xdx
NINT( sin , , -1,2) 2.04x x x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
5.3
Definite Integrals and Antiderivatives
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 25
Quick Review
1
Find / .
1. -sin
2. cos
3. ln(sec )
4. ln(cos )
5. ln
6.
7. tan
x
dy dx
y x
y x
y x
y x
y x x
y xe
y x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 26
Quick Review Solutions
1
2
Find / .
1. -sin
2. cos
3. ln(sec )
4. ln
/ cos
/ sin
/ tan
/ t(cos )
5. ln
6.
7. tan
an
/ 1 ln
/
1/
1
x xx
dy dx
y x
y x
y x
y x
y
dy dx x
dy dx x
dy dx x
dy dx x
dy dx x
dy dx xe e
x x
y xe
dy dxx
y x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 27
What you’ll learn about
Properties of Definite Integrals Average Value of a Function Mean Value Theorem for Definite Integrals Connecting Differential and Integral Calculus
… and whyWorking with the properties of definite integrals helpsus to understand better the definite integral. Connectingderivatives and definite integrals sets the stage for theFundamental Theorem of Calculus.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 28
Rules for Definite Integrals
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Example Using the Rules for Definite Integrals
1 4 1
-1 1 -1
1
4
Suppose ( ) 5, ( ) 2, and ( ) 7 .
Find ( ) if possible.
f x dx f x dx h x dx
f x dx
1
4 ( ) 2f x dx
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 30
Example Using the Rules for Definite Integrals
1 4 1
-1 1 -1
4
1
Suppose ( ) 5, ( ) 2, and ( ) 7 .
Find ( ) if possible.
f x dx f x dx h x dx
f x dx
4
1 ( ) 5 ( 2) 3f x dx
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 31
Example Using the Rules for Definite Integrals
1 4 1
-1 1 -1
2
2
Suppose ( ) 5, ( ) 2, and ( ) 7 .
Find ( ) if possible.
f x dx f x dx h x dx
h x dx
Not enough information is given.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 32
Average (Mean) Value
If is integrable on [ , ], its average (mean) value on [ , ] is
1( ) ( )b
a
f a b a b
avg f f x dxb a
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 33
Example Applying the Definition
2Find the average value of ( ) 2 on [0,4].f x x
4 2
0
1( ) ( )
1 2 Use NINT to evaluate the integral.
4 01 40
4 3
10
3
b
aavg f f x dxb a
x dx
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 34
The Mean Value Theorem for Definite Integrals
If is continuous on [ , ], then at some point in [ , ],
1( ) ( ) .b
a
f a b c a b
f c f x dxb a
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 35
The Mean Value Theorem for Definite Integrals
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 36
The Derivative of an Integral
( ) ( ).x
a
df t dt f x
dx
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 37
Quick Quiz Sections 5.1 - 5.3
You should solve the following problems without using a calculator.
1. If ( ) 2 , then ( ) 3
(A) 2 3
(B) 3 -3
(C) 4 -
(D) 5 - 2
(E) 5 -3
b b
a af x dx a b f x dx
a b
b a
a b
b a
b a
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 38
Quick Quiz Sections 5.1 - 5.3
You should solve the following problems without using a calculator.
1. If ( ) 2 , then
(D)
( ) 3
(A) 2 3
(B) 3 -3
(C) 4 -
(E)
5 - 2
5 -3
b b
a af x
b
dx a b f x dx
a b
b a
a
b a
a
b
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 39
Quick Quiz Sections 5.1 - 5.3
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
20
0
1 1 2 3 202. The expression ...
20 20 20 20 20
is a Riemann sum approximation for
(A) 20
(B)
1(C)
20 201
(D) 201
(E) 20
xdx
xdx
xdx
xdx
xdx
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 40
Quick Quiz Sections 5.1 - 5.3
1
0
1
0
1
0
20
1
0
0
1 1 2 3 202. The expression ...
20 20 20 20 20
is a Riemann sum approxima
(B)
tion for
(A) 20
1(C)
20 201
(D) 201
(E) 20
xdx
xdx
x
dx
x
dx
x
x
d
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 41
Quick Quiz Sections 5.1 - 5.3
2
23. What are all values of for which 0?
(A) -2
(B) 0
(C) 2
(D) -2 and 2
(E) -2, 0, and 2
kk x dx
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 42
Quick Quiz Sections 5.1 - 5.3
2
23. What are all values of for which 0?
(A) -2
(B) 0
(D) -2 and 2
(E) -2, 0, and 2
(C) 2
kk x dx
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
5.4
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 44
Quick Review
3
3
2 2
Find / .
1. sin
2. sin
3. ln 3- ln 7
4. sin cos
5. 3
6. cos
7. sin and 2
8. / 2
x
dy dx
y x
y x
y
y x x
y
xy
xy t x t
dx dy x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 45
Quick Review Solutions
3
3
2 2
2 3
2
2
Find / .
1. sin
2. sin
3. ln 3- ln 7
4. s
/ 3 cos
/ 3 sin cos
/ 0
/ 0
/ 3 ln 3
cos si
in cos
5. 3
6. cos
7. sin a
n/
cos
nd
x x
dy dx
y x
y x
y
y x x
y
dy dx x x
dy dx x x
dy dx
dy dx
dy dx
x x xdy
xy
x
y t
x
x
dx
2
8. / 2
cos/
21
/2
t
dx d
tdy dx
dy dxx
y x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 46
What you’ll learn about
Fundamental Theorem, Part 1 Graphing the Function Fundamental Theorem, Part 2 Area Connection Analyzing Antiderivatives Graphically
… and why
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus is a Triumph of
Mathematical Discovery and the key to solving many
problems.
( )x
a f t dt
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 47
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
If is continuous on [ , ], then the function ( ) ( )
has a derivative at every point in [ , ], and
( ) ( ).
x
a
x
a
f a b F x f t dt
x a b
dF df t dt f x
dt dx
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 48
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
( ) ( )
Every continuous function is the derivative of some other function.
Every continuous function has an antiderivative.
The processes of integration and differentiation are inverses of o
x
a
df t dt f x
dx
f
ne another.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 49
Example Applying the Fundamental Theorem
Find sin .xdtdt
dx
sin sinxdtdt x
dx
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 50
Example The Fundamental Theorem with the Chain Rule
2
1Find / if sin .xdy dx y tdt
2
1
2
1
1
sin
sin and .
Apply the chain rule:
sin
sin
x
u
u
y tdt
y tdt u x
dy dy du
dx du dxd du
tdtdu dx
duu
dx
2
sin 2
2 sin
u x
x x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 51
Example Variable Lower Limits of Integration
5Find if sin .x
dyy t tdt
dx
5
5
5
sin sin
sin
sin
x
x
x
d dt tdt t tdt
dx dxd
t tdtdxx x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 52
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Part 2
If is continuous at every point of [ , ], and if is any antiderivative
of on [ , ], then ( ) ( ) - ( ).
This part of the Fundamental Theorem is also called the
.
b
a
f a b F
f a b f x dx F b F a Integral
Evaluation Theorem
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 53
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Part 2
( ) ( ) ( )
Any definite integral of any continuous function can be calculated without
taking limits, without calculating Riemann sums, and often without effort -
so long as an antiderivative
b
a f x dx F b F a
f
of can be found.f
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 54
Example Evaluating an Integral
3 2
-1Evaluate 3 1 using an antiderivative.x dx
33 2 3
-1 1
33
3 1
3 3 1 1
32
x dx x x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 55
How to Find Total Area Analytically
To find the area between the graph of ( ) and the -axis over the interval
[ , ] analytically,
1. partition [ , ] with the zeros of ,
2. integrate over each subinterval,
3. add the absolute values o
y f x x
a b
a b f
f
f the integrals.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 56
How to Find Total Area Numerically
To find the area between the graph of ( ) and the -axis over the
interval [ , ] numerically, evaluate
NINT(| ( ) |, , , )
y f x x
a b
f x x a b
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
5.5
Trapezoidal Rule
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 58
Quick Review
4 2
3
Tell whether the curve is concave up or concave down on the given interval.
1. cos on [-1,0]
2. 3 6 on [8,17]
3. sin on [48 ,50 ]2
4. on [-5,5]
5. 1/ on [4, 8]
6. csc
x
y x
y x x
xy
y e
y x
y x
on 0,
7. sin - cos on [1,2]y x x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 59
Quick Review Solutions
4 2
3
concav
Tell whet
e dow
her the curve is concave up or concave down on the given interval.
1. cos on [-1,0]
2. 3 6 on [8,17]
3. sin on [48
n
conca
,50
ve up
concave do] 2
4.
wn
y x
y x x
xy
y e
on [-5,5]
5. 1/ on [4, 8]
6. c
concave up
concave up
concasc on 0,
7. sin - cos on [1,2
ve up
conca] ve d own
x
y x
y x
y x x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 60
What you’ll learn about
Trapezoidal Approximations Other Algorithms Error Analysis
… and whySome definite integrals are best found bynumerical approximations, and rectangles are notalways the most efficient figures to use.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 61
Trapezoidal Approximations
0 1 11 2
0
1 2 1
0 1 2 1
0 1 1 1 1
( ) ...2 2 2
...2 2
2 2 ... 2 ,2
where ( ), ( ), ..., ( ), ( ).
b n n
a
n
n
n n
n n n
y y y yy yf x dx h h h
y yh y y y
hy y y y y
y f a y f x y f x y f b
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 62
The Trapezoidal Rule
0 1 2 1
To approximate ( ) , use
2 2 ... 2 ,2
where [ , ] is partitioned into n subintervals of equal length
( - ) / .
LRAM RRAMEquivalently, ,
2where LRAM and RRAM are the Rienamm
b
a
n n
n n
n n
f x dx
hT y y y y y
a b
h b a n
T
sums using the left
and right endpoints, respectively, for for the partition.f
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 63
Simpson’s Rule
0 1 2 3 2 1
To approximate ( ) , use
4 2 4 ... 2 4 ,3
where [ , ] is partitioned into an even number subintervals
of equal length ( - ) / .
b
a
n n n
f x dx
hS y y y y y y y
a b n
h b a n
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 64
Error Bounds
( 4 )
2 4
If and represent the approximations to ( ) given by the
Trapezoidal Rule and Simpson's Rule, respectively, then the errors
and satisfy
and 12 180
n
b
a
T s
T sf f
T S f x dx
E E
b a b aE h M E h M
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 65
Quick Quiz Sections 5.4 and 5.5
You may use a graphing calculator to solve the following problems
1. The function is continuous on the closed interval [1,7] and has
values that are given below:
f
x 1 4 6 7
f(x) 10 30 40 20
7
1
Using the subintervals [1,4], [4,6], and [6,7], what is the trapezoidal
approximation of ( ) ?
(A) 110
(B) 130
(C) 160
(D) 190
(E) 210
f x dx
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 66
Quick Quiz Sections 5.4 and 5.5
Quick Quiz Sections 5.4 and 5.5
You may use a graphing calculator to solve the following problems
1. The function is continuous on the closed interval [1,7] and has
values that are given below:
f
x 1 4 6 7
f(x) 10 30 40 20
7
1
Using the subintervals [1,4], [4,6], and [6,7], what is the trapezoidal
approximation of ( ) ?
(A)
(C) 160
110
(B) 130
(D) 190
(E) 210
f x dx
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 67
Quick Quiz Sections 5.4 and 5.5
32. Let ( ) be an antiderivative of sin . If (1) 0, then (8)
(A) 0.00
(B) 0.021
(C) 0.373
(D) 0.632
(E) 0.968
F x x F F
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 68
Quick Quiz Sections 5.4 and 5.5
32. Let ( ) be an antiderivative of sin . If (1) 0, then (8)
(A) 0.00
(B) 0.0
(
21
(C) 0.373
D) 0.632
(E) 0.968
F x x F F
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 69
Quick Quiz Sections 5.4 and 5.5
2 23
-23. Let ( ) . At what value of is ( ) a minimum?
(A) For no value of
(B) 1/2
(C) 3/2
(D) 2
(E) 3
x x tf x e dt x f x
x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 70
Quick Quiz Sections 5.4 and 5.5
2 23
-23. Let ( ) . At what value of is ( ) a minimum?
(A) For no value of
(B) 1/2
(C)
(D) 2
(E
3/2
) 3
x x tf x e dt x f x
x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 71
Chapter Test
3
4
Let be the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the -axis and the graph
of the function 4 - .
1. Sketch the rectangles and compute by hand the area for the MRAM
approximations.
2. Sketch the t
R x
y x x
4rapeziods and compute by hand the area for the T
approximations.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 72
Chapter Test
2 5 5
-2 2 -2
2
5
5
-2
3. Suppose ( ) 4, ( ) 3, ( ) 2.
Which of the following statements are true, and which, if any, are false?
(a) ( ) 3
(b) ( ) ( ) 9
(c) ( ) ( ) on the interval -
f x dx f x dx g x dx
f x dx
f x g x dx
f x g x
1 3 2
0
/ 2 2
0
2
0
2 5
4. Find the total area between the curve and the -axis given 4 - , 0 6.
Evaluate using the Integral Evaluation Theorem.
5. 8 12 5
6. sec
27. Evaluate:
1
x
x y x x
s s ds
d
dyy
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 73
Chapter Test
8. A diesel generator runs continuously, consuming oil at a gradually increasing rate until it must be temporarily shut down to have the filters replaced.
(a) Give an upper estimate and a lower estimate for the amount of oil consumed by the generator during that week.
(b) Use the Trapezoidal Rule to estimate the amount of oil consumed by the generator during that week.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 5- 74
Chapter Test
3
2
3
0
9. Find / . 2 cos
10. Solve for : 2 3 4
x
x
dy dx y tdt
x t t dt