Chapter 5Chapter 5Developing a NegativeDeveloping a Negative

Step 1Step 1

Remove the film from your cameraRemove the film from your camera Look for a button on the bottom of Look for a button on the bottom of

your camerayour camera Hold button while winding until no Hold button while winding until no

tension in the windertension in the winder Pull the winder and back should Pull the winder and back should

pop uppop up Remove film Remove film Either replace the film or close the Either replace the film or close the

back of the cameraback of the camera

Loading the filmLoading the film You will needYou will need

Light proof bagLight proof bag Under shelf along wall with Under shelf along wall with

refrigeratorrefrigerator Silver on the outsideSilver on the outside Double zipperDouble zipper

Bottle openerBottle opener ScissorsScissors Tank and reelTank and reel Film cartridgeFilm cartridge

What’s nextWhat’s next In a bagIn a bag

Use bottle cap opener to open end Use bottle cap opener to open end of film cartridgeof film cartridge

Remove film from cartridgeRemove film from cartridge Cut film leader and attach to inside Cut film leader and attach to inside

of steel reelof steel reel Roll onto reelRoll onto reel Place reel into steel containerPlace reel into steel container

Put on the plastic capPut on the plastic cap Remove from bagRemove from bag

Chemicals to process Chemicals to process filmfilm

DeveloperDeveloper ½ developer and ½ water½ developer and ½ water

Stop bathStop bath WaterWater

FixerFixer Fill with fixer only, don’t diluteFill with fixer only, don’t dilute

10 minute wash10 minute wash

Wetting agentWetting agent Best to use distilled waterBest to use distilled water

Dry filmDry film 20 minutes in dryer or 1 hour in 20 minutes in dryer or 1 hour in

boxbox

Cut filmCut film 5 prints wide5 prints wide Put into archive sleevePut into archive sleeve

Developer D-76Developer D-76

Arista 100 Iso 35mm film

Water Temp  

65 degrees

68 degrees

70 degrees

72 degrees

75 degrees

Normal 9 1/2 min. 8 1/2 min. 7 1/2 min. 7 min. 6 min.

What happens?What happens?

DeveloperDeveloper Free metallic silver from the Free metallic silver from the

emulsion’s exposed crystals to emulsion’s exposed crystals to form an imageform an image Metallic silver forms the dark Metallic silver forms the dark

part of the imagepart of the image Called silver halidesCalled silver halides

After stop bathAfter stop bath

FixerFixer Silver halides will continue to turn Silver halides will continue to turn

dark if exposed to lightdark if exposed to light Fixer stops this process by Fixer stops this process by

dissolving the crystalsdissolving the crystals 5 minutes to fix5 minutes to fix

Too much longer and image will Too much longer and image will bleachbleach

Too short or weak fixer the Too short or weak fixer the image will get darker when image will get darker when exposed to lightexposed to light

Develop too longDevelop too long The imageThe image

Becomes contrasty and darkerBecomes contrasty and darker Later you can use this to create a Later you can use this to create a

different printdifferent print Temperature affects outcomeTemperature affects outcome

See chartSee chart Too cold the developer works Too cold the developer works

poorlypoorly Too hot the gelatin can Too hot the gelatin can

separate from the filmseparate from the film

AgitationAgitation Gently agitation moves fresh Gently agitation moves fresh

chemicals over the film/emulsionchemicals over the film/emulsion Too little may cause chemicals to stop Too little may cause chemicals to stop

workingworking

Too little or too strong can cause Too little or too strong can cause uneven developmentuneven development

Agitate 5 out of every 30 secondsAgitate 5 out of every 30 seconds In more than 1 directionIn more than 1 direction

Put in down in betweenPut in down in between

After fixingAfter fixing

Film must be thoroughly washedFilm must be thoroughly washed Remaining silver will darken/stain Remaining silver will darken/stain

the filmthe film

Best OutcomeBest Outcome

When properly exposed and correctly When properly exposed and correctly developed, filmdeveloped, film Makes printing/scanning much Makes printing/scanning much

easiereasier Begin by following the Begin by following the

manufacturer’s recommendationsmanufacturer’s recommendations Later you can may adjust Later you can may adjust

exposure and developingexposure and developing

Expose for the Expose for the HighlightsHighlights Develop for the Develop for the Shadows. Shadows. Pg. 106 2Pg. 106 2ndnd

Para.Para.

In every case expose for the subject!In every case expose for the subject!

Developing times have little effect on Developing times have little effect on shadowsshadows

Developing times have a great effect Developing times have a great effect on the highlightson the highlights

For us…take shadows into account For us…take shadows into account when setting your exposure if you when setting your exposure if you want detail in the shadowswant detail in the shadows

Follow the directions (for now)when Follow the directions (for now)when developingdeveloping

Quiz reviewQuiz review

11stst thing you need when you are thing you need when you are going to develop you film is the time going to develop you film is the time and temperature chart.and temperature chart.

You can first see an image when in You can first see an image when in the developer, even though you won’t the developer, even though you won’t see it until the whole process is done.see it until the whole process is done.

You can look at your film AFTER the You can look at your film AFTER the fixer stepfixer step

More Quiz ReviewMore Quiz Review

Density is a negative or print isDensity is a negative or print is The amount of silver built up on The amount of silver built up on

the surfacethe surface The overall lightness and darkness The overall lightness and darkness

of either the print or negativeof either the print or negative Is controlled by the exposureIs controlled by the exposure

ReviewReview

Write the full stop shutter speeds Write the full stop shutter speeds from 1 second to 1/1000 sec.from 1 second to 1/1000 sec.

1 2 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 1 2 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 500 1000 500 1000

Which end is more light? Less light?Which end is more light? Less light?

Next Step TodayNext Step Today

Watch video on film developmentWatch video on film development

Develop your own film-if you are Develop your own film-if you are ready.ready.