CHAPTER-5

HEALTH AND RURAL INSURANCE

5.1 DOCTOR'S INDEMNITY

The policy will indemnify any act committed by the insured, who

shall be a Registered Medical Practitioner, giving rise to any legal liability

to Third Parties. The insured includes policyholder and his qualified

assistants or employees named in the proposal. The Act has to be

committed during the period of insurance commencing from the retroactive

date (first day and time on which insurance has commenced and continued

thereafter without break).

DOCTORS' PROTECTION SHIELD

Keeping in mind various hazards, doctors are exposed to, and have

tried to bring under one umbrella all the protection that would be required

by doctors. The protection shield covers Building, office contents, money

fixed glass & sanitary fittings, fidelity guarantee etc.

Salient Features:

Section I - Building : Building including landlord's fixtures, fittings,

boundary wall and fences (building owners):

Rate - 0.76%

Risk Covered: As per Fire A policy.

73

Exclusions : Subterranean fire, property undergoing any heating or

drying process, damage to electrical installation due to overrunning

excessive pressure, short circuiting, damage by employees, partners of the

insured's business or profession or members of his household.

Section 2A - Office Contents : Furniture, fixtures, fitting, electrical

appliances, clothing personal effects of insured or employees.

Rate -1.50%

Risk Covered As per Section I including burglary, robbery and

dacoity.

Exclusions : As per Section I including :

+ Damage to livestock, motor vehicle and money, securities

for money, stamps, bullion, bonds bills of exchange, promissory

notes, stock and share certificates, models, precious stones,

jewellery and valuables. Any curios or works of art for an

amount exceeding Rs.10001-.

+ Erasure or breakdown of information contained in data

carrying materials and lor consequential loss of any description.

Section 2(8) - Tenant's Liability: Liability as a tenant for damages to

office premises including fixtures and fittings.

Rate - 0.76%

Risks covered: As per Section 2 A.

Section 3 - Money : Loss of money while in transit, on the premises

during office hours and in safe after office hours.

74

Rate - 3.00%

Risks covered : Any accident and/or misfortune.

Exclusion: Shortage due to error, money entrusted to person other

than insured/employee, loss of money from safe by duplicate keys.

Section 4 - Fixed Glass and Sanitary Fittings including damage to

frames:

Rate - 10.00%

Risks covered: Accidental breakage.

Section 5 - Fidelity Guarantee - of any salaried person employed by

Insured.

Risk Covered: Pecuniary loss caused by fraud and/or dishonest act.

Rate - 6.00%

Section 6A - Electronic Equipment and data carrying material.

Risk covered : Unforeseen sudden physical loss, loss or damage due

to any cause other than those specifically excluded.

Exclusions: Pre-existing faults or defects, ear and tear, loss due to

climatic conditions, maintenance cost, loss or damage for which insured is

contractually liable, defects or design or material for which suppliers are

responsible.

Excess: As per electronic Equipment Policy.

Section 68- Cost of Reinstatement of Data and Programme.

Rate - 10.33%

75

Risks covered: As per Sec. 6A.

Exclusion : 5% of each claim. Data carrying materials not stored as

In makers instructions, erasure and corrupted from unidentifiable

occurrence, intrinsic value of the data, cost incurred for false programme

or alteration of programme.

Section 6C- Portable Computer whilst being carried anywhere in the

world.

Rate - 20.06%

Risks covered: As per Section 6A.

Section 7 - Additional Expenses of Rent for alternate. accommodation if

premises occupied is damaged and declared unfit for occupation.

Rate - 0.76%

Risks covered: As per Sec. 2A.

Section 8 - Personal Accident Insurance for self and employees. (Age 18

to 70 - Table A (III) as per PA tariff.

Rate - l.00%

Risks covered : Death, pennanent total or partial and temporary total

disablement due to accident.

Section 9 - Breakdown of office appliances, and electrical and

mechanical gadgets.

Rate - 15.00%

Risks covered : Electrical and Mechanical breakdown of appliances

which are not older than 10 years in age.

76

Section 10 - Baggage: Loss or damaae to baggage:Selonging to 'self and

lor employees whilst onjoumey anywhere in the world.

Rate - 50%

Risks covered: Any accident and/or misfortune.

Section 11 - Liability: (a) Public liability for third party death or bodily

injury and lor damage to property of third party. (b) Workmen's

compensation.

Risks covered : Negligence of self and lor any family member

permanently residing with him.

Section 12 - Professional Liability for bodily injury and/or death or any

patient.

Risks covered: Error, omission, negligence in professional service

caused by self or qualified assistant, nurse or technician employed.

Section 13 - Accident on Duty Cover

physician! para medical staff.

For medical practitionerl

Risks covered: Due to accident at the place of employment.

Section 14 Mediclaim Expenses incurred resulting on

hospitalization/domiciliary hospitalization as per standard Mediclaim

Policy (individual).

77

S.2 LONG-TERM HOSPTALISATION (DOMICILIARy)

INSURANCE POLICY

The policy cover is identical to the exiting individual and group mediclaim

policy with the following additional features:

(1) Additional cover is introduced to cover boarding and lodging

expenses for one of the family members or next kin of insured

who accompanies the insured during the hospitalization period

subject to payment of additional nominal premium.

(2) Hospitalization and operation expenses are payable for the person

donating the organ to the insured person during the course of an

organ transplant operation subject to limits available during the

policy period.

(3) Reasonable expenses incurred for ambulance within city limits at

the time of admission and discharge are payable.

(4) Registration and admission fees paid to the hospital have been

included in the list of hospitalization expenses.

(5) The condition of number of beds in the definition of hospitals has

been deleted. .

(6) Pre-existing condition has been defmed in the policy.

78

(7) Since the policy is issued for longer period than one year, the

limits are operative for a period of 12 months only i.e. policy

period. The limits of policy period in which the disease is

diagnosed are applicable for anyone illness. There is no carry

forward of limits. Hence, the sum insured is available afresh after

every period of 12 months. To make this point clear, two new

definitions have been added in the policy.

(8) Period of insurance : The period commencing till five years or

ten years only as the case may be.

(9) Policy period: A period of 12 months each commencing from

date of inception from which the risk is assumed.

(10) A new condition for deletion of pre-existing disease has been

incorporated as under : Pre-existing conditions at the time of

inception of first coverage will be deleted after the policy has

completed four continuous claim free policy periods, and the

insured is not under treatment for at least two preceding years for

the pre-existing conditions.

(11) Pre-medical health check-up is compulsory and the cost has to be

borne by the insured. Insured has to submit the family

physician's certificate along with the proposal form stating the

health status of the insured.

(12) For group policies the minimum number of persons would be 51,

and only one group policy is to be issued covering all eligible

members of the group. Unnamed policy cannot be issued.

79

(13) For group policies premium can be paid in installments-two in'

case of 5-year policies and four in case of 10-year policies.

(14) Group discount and Bouns-Malus provision are applicable for

group policies. This will be reviewed at the time of collecting

instalIments.

(15) Cumulative bonus and health check-up provisions are applicable

for individual policies.

(16) Deletion of pre-existing ailments in case of groups of large size

may be considered on payment of additional premium. Such

cases may be referred to R.O.IH.O. for approval.

Table 5.1

PREMIUM RATES FOR DOMICILIARY INSURANCE POLICY

Sum Insured Limit of Liability of 5 Years 10 Years (Overall Liability) Domiciliary (Rs.) (Rs.)

(Rs.) Hospitalization- (Rs.)

I 50,000 10,000 3,158 4,210

1,00,000 20,000 6,109 8,145

1,50,000 27,500 9,034 12,045

2,00,000 35,500 11,771 15,695

2,50,000 40,000 14,321 19,095

3,00,000 45,000 16,871 22,495

3,50,000 50,000 21,000 28,000

4,00,000 55,000 24,000 32,000

4,50,000 60,500 27,000 36,000

5,00,000 65,500 30,000 40,000

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5.3 HORTICULTUREIPLANTATION INSURANCE

1. Scope of Cover : Under this policy following horticulture and

plantation crops can be covered.

Horticulture Crop:

(I) Grape (2) Citrus (orange, lime, sweet lime)

(3) Chikoo (4) Pomegranate (5) Banana

Plantation:

(I) Rubber

(4) Teakwood

(7) Sugarcane

(2) Eucalyptus (3) Poplar

(5) Oil palm plantations (6) All types of trees

(8) Tea

P.S. Coffee and apple policies are being finalized by GIe.

2. Underwriting Authority: Undefwriting authority to accept

proposal is vested with the head office/regional office only. RO' s

are authorized to accept proposals in respect of above specified

crops and issue standard policy. Proposals requiring any

modification and crop other than listed above should be referred to

H.O. duly recommended by R.O.

3. Insured:

(a) Individual farmer whether owner or tenant engaged 111

cultivation of above crops.

(b) However, a policy may be issued in the name of an

association or an organized and registered body of fann

81

engaged in cultivation of the specified crops where such

associationlbody has been fonned and is functioning for the

purpose of procurement of input professing. Marketing of the

produce and lor any other are recorded in schedule (to be

attached to and forming part of the policy) in a manner that in

the event of loss, claims can be assessed and settled on

individual basis.

4. Perils Covered : The policy shaH cover and seek to indemnify the

insured to the extent of loss of input due to loss or damage to the

insured tree/fruits (whichever is applicable depending on the crop

insured) occasioned by operation of anyone or more of the

following perils either in isolation or in concurrence:

(a) Fire (including forest fire and bush fire)

(b) Lightning.

(c) Stonn, hailstonn, cyclone, typhoon, tempest, hurricans:,

tornado whilst in direct and immediate operation over the

insured areas.

(d) Flood and inundation (inspection report is necessary to cover

these risks.)

(e) Riot, strike and malicious damage.

(f) Acts of terrorism.

82

S. Period of Insurance. Crop duration or twelve months (one year)

whichever is shorter subject to the following:

(a) This policy is valid for one season. The policy period is taken

from the date of payment of premium until crop in that season

is harvested. The policy ceases after the harvest in the season

for which the policy is issued. For fruit crops having season

more than one year, appropriate additional premium will be

charged. For citrus, policy period will be one year from the

date of issue of policy.

(b) Period of insurance in respect of sugarcane crop shall be

extendable by such period beyond 12 months (up to a

maximum of 18 months) as may be necessitated by the variety

grown. This will, however, entail additional premium on pro­

rata basis for such periods may be in excess of 12 months.

(c) In respect of rubber, eucalyptus and poplar trees where plants

are first required to be raised in nurseries and then fields, the

period of insurance shall commence after expiry of twelve

months from transplanting (nurseries are not covered) and

policy for these crops can be issued on annual basis.

6. Sum Insured : Sum insured shall be based on the cost of cultivation

or input cost i.e. Cost of raising/development of insured trees.

The policy will be issued for fixed sum insured which is given

separately under each crop.

83

I

I

Depending on the needs of clients, modified Input Cos

Clause can be incorporated in the policy, if it is justifiable, subject t(

prior H.O. approval.

7. Premium Rates: Premium shall be charged for different insurabll

crops at the following rates:

Table 5.2

PREMIUM RATES FOR INSURABLE CROPS

Crops Premium

(a) Horticulture Crops

Citrus Fruits (Orange, Lime,

Sweet Lime) Chilwo, Pomegranate,

Banana (Standard Cover)

Grape Crop 5% of Sum Insured

(Optional Cover:

Losses due to unseasonal Additional Premium

Rains and frost) @ 1.50% of Sum Insured

(b) Plantations:

Rubber, Eucalyptus, Poplar,

Teakwood 1.25% of Sum Insured

(c) Sugarcane 1.25% of Sum Insured

( d) Oil palm

Part "A" 1.50% of Sum Insured

Part "B" 2.00% of Sum Insured

84

8. Francbise :

(a) No claim shall be payable under the policy if any amount of

claim assessed does not exceed 10% of sum insured per acre

or Rs.l ,000/- per affected acre whichever is lower.

(b) This franchise clause is not applicable for the fire losses under

the Sugarcane Policy.

9. Excess: The insured shall be deemed to be his own insurer for first

20% of the claim assessed per acre, only 80% of claim assessed shall

be paid under the policy.

10. Other Assessment Method : It should be clearly noted that the

expenses incurred during the season for which the policy has been

issued are only to be taken into account for the purpose of the policy.

Expenses made prior to the season in question are not to be taken

into account.

For the purpose of indemnity, the policy is a valued policy

and no statement of accounts of actual expenses incurred is required

to be submitted by the insured. Expenses from the previous harvest

till the date on which the insured peril operates only should be taken

into account as having spent for the purpose of the claim. Hence the

claim cannot in any case be more than this amount.

8S

11. Important Policy conditions:

(a) This policy is issued on "Input Cost" basis only and no other

expenses/costs are indemnifiable.

(b) Failure to intimate the claim forthwith will forfeit all rights

and benefits under the policy.

(c) Condition of average.

12. Long Term Policy: Long tenn policy in respect of Eucalyptus and

such other plants can be issued subject to approval of head office. It

is a precondition that entire premium will have to be collected in

advance.

Table 5.3

CROP INSURANCE (KHARIF)

No. offarmers Sum Insured Premium Incurred Year

covered (in (in lakhs Rs.) (in lakhs Rs.) Claims

Lakhs) (in lakhs Rs.)

1985 26.31 542.73 9.42 83.00

1986 40.66 856.20 14.99 159.54

1987 46.31 1140.15 19.09 277.38

1988 29.64 547.89 8.82 27.84

1989 42.26 873.86 14.44 28.05

1997-98 51.35 2230.74 34.32 -2001 85.69 7300.90 256.96 508.10

, Source. GIC s Annual Reports & Accounts

86

Table 5.4

CROP INSURANCE (RABI)

Year No. offarmers Sum Insured Premium Incurred

covered (in (in lakhs RI.) (in lakhs RI.) Claims

Lakhs) (in lakhs Rs.)

1985-86 12.13 238.41 4.48 2.96

1986-87 11.28 242.41 4.57 7.80

1987-88 21.28 242.37 8.55 12.07

1988-89 8.79 475.44 3.12 3.10

1989-90 6.61 163.87 2.72 -1997-98 6.82 322.37 5.72 -2001-02 20 1600 - -

Source: GIC's Annual Reports & Accounts

The number of farmers covered under crop insurance has increased

from Rs.26.30 lakhs in 1985 (Kharif) to Rs.29.64 lakhs in 1988. The

premiwn income has declined from Rs.9.42 lakhs to RS.8.82 lakhs under

Kharif. The number of farmers covered has declined from Rs.12.13 lakhs

in 1985-86 to Rs.8.71 lakhs in 1988-89. The premium has also declined

from Rs.4.48 crores to Rs.3.12 crores. This shows that the crop insurance

is not being properly managed by the GIC and its four subsidiaries.

87

5.4 FARMER'S PACKAGE & CATTLE INSURANCE

FARMER'S PACKAGE

Salient Features :

I. The existing Fanners Package Policy as printed in the RNTB

Manual can be marketed independently. Development officers are

eligible for single credit.

2. Any approved RNTB cover can be included and it can become part

of the Farmers Package Policy. The rates, terms, conditions

applicable to that class of business.

3. Section I of the policy covers dwelling unitslhouses and contents. It

is a compulsory cover.

4. Under Section II (Burglary) only those items are covered which are

included under Section I 'B' or '0'. Separate schedule to be

attached.

5. Under Section II (Burglary) in case the insured desires to delete

'LARCENY' (peril) the premium can be quoted at 2.00 per mile.

6. The Section VI covers agricultural tractors and in case if the insured

opts for Act only policy then the applicable clause to be attached to

the policy.

88

7. In case if the vehicle is purdMsed· under Hire Purchase or Lease

Agreement, necessary endorsements arc to be passed (No. 10 & 11)

8. The policy can cover tiny sectorlvillage artisans as per Fire Policy

'A'. All guidelines/rates/conditions! fonnats, as per Fire Dept.

9. In case of Jan Arogya Bima Policy all the underwriting/claim

settlement guidelines communicated by UNTB/technical department

from time to time should be followed.

10. Policy can cover Fidelity Guarantee. This benefit can be offered on

the same lines as being underwritten under shopkeepers (UNTB)

Policy. The rates, tenns, conditions of RNTBIVNTB Dept. to be

followed. The Perfonna, formats, clause as prescribed by Misc.

Dept. to be used.

II. In case of coverage of scheme animals (IRDP) "Net" premium rate

has to be applied.

12. Minimum '3' sections/schemes to be covered of which dwelling

units/houses and any other RID Policy should be compulsory.

13. Double credit to development officers.

14. Agency commission 15%.

15. No long-term policy to be issued.

89

16. Only those tractors, which are registered, used, as agricultural

tractors will be covered under Fanners Package Policy.

17. Only comprehensive cover should be given.

18. Agricultural tractors financed by the bank will be entitled for 15%

commiSSIOn.

19. Un-named persons subject to a maximum of six persons only should

be covered, while travelling on such tractors.

20. 1.P.A. Policy with Rs.25,000 as sum insured for the un-named

persons.

The premIUm charged for agricultural tractors and claims ansmg

there under will be accounted under RNTB.

CATTLE INSURANCE

This is a market agreement w.e.f. 1-10-97 among the subsidiaries of

OlC of India in respect of Cattle Insurance Business.

1. Scope of the Agreement:

The agreement shall be observed by the constituent companies

with regard to the rates, tenns and conditions prescribed by this

agreement to underwrite the Business of Cattle Insurance in India.

The word 'Cattle' for the purpose of the agreement refers to:

(a) Milch cows and buffaloes

(b) Calveslheifers

90

(c) Stud bulls

(d) Bullocks (castrated buDs)· and castrated male buffaloes,

whether indigenous, exotic or crossbreed.

2. Age Group:

Animals of age in years shown below shall be accepted under

the Standards Insurance Scheme prescribed by this agreement.

(I) (a) Milch Cows

(Indigenous/Cross

breedlExotic)

(b) Milch Buffaloes

( c) Stud Bulls

(d) Bullock

(Castrated bulls and male buffaloes)

(2) Indigenous, cross breed and

exotic female calves/heifers

3. Valuation and Sum Insured:

2 years (or age at first

calving) to 10 years

3 years (or age at first

Calving) to 12 years

3 years to 8 years or earlier

3 years to 12 years

From 4 months up to the

date of first calving or

minimum age as in (i) (a)

and (b)

(I) The market value of cattle varies from breed to breed, from area to

area and from time to time. The examining veterinarians

91

recommendations shall be COPSidered as the proper guide for

acceptance of insurance as well as for settlement of claims.

(2) Sum insured will not exceed 100% of market value.

4. Indemnity :

(1) If death occurs during any period and if the animal is pregnant for

less than four months, the indemnity will be restricted to 50% of

sum insured or market value whichever is less.

(2) In case of scheme animals, the policy is agreed value policy, hence

claim will be settled for 100% of sum insured.

5. Premium Rates: (Annual)

No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

FOR MILCH COWSIMILCH BUFFALOES/ FEMALE CAL VESIHEIFERS/STUD BULLIBULLOCKS AND CASTRATED MALLE BUFFALOES.

Table 5.5

PREMIUM RATES FOR INSURABLE ANIMALS

Species Death PTD Extra

Scheme Animals 2.25% 0.85%

(Indigenous/cross-breed) (net) (net)

Non-Scheme Animals 4.00% 1.00%

(Indigenous/Cross-breed) (gross) (gross)

Exotic Animals 4.00% 1.00%

(gross) (gross) + 2% Extra

Long term rate for basic for 4.80 1.80

3 years (for Scheme Animals only)

92

6. Group Discount (For Non-8cbeme only). A group discount is

allowed in case of single/ partner ownership and/or single source of

premium payment and covered under a single policy (not applicable

to bank business).

Table 5.6

RA TE OF DISCOUNT ON THE BASIS OF NUMBER OF ANIMALS

No. of Animals Rate of Discount

5-10 2.5 %

11-15 5%

16-25 7.5 %

26-50 10%

51-100 12.5 %

101-500 15 %

If the group is over 500 and I or very large, the companies

may decide the discount not exceeding 20%).

7. Long Term Discount (For Non-Scheme Animals)

Duration ofthe policy

3 and 4 years policies

5 years and above

Discount

15%

25%

(1) Full premium has to be paid in advance.

(2) No refund of premium will allow even if claim arise in the

earlier years.

93

(3) Age limit should be as above.

(4) Adjustment of premium : In case of premature death of cattle

before the expiry of policy period the premium for the balance

period after adjusting the period up to the year in which the

animal dies, would be allowed as credit to be adjusted against

premium for the new animal required by the insured.

8. Exclusions:

(a) Malicious or willfill injury or neglect, overloading, unskillful

treatment or use of animal for purpose other than stated in the policy

without the consent of the company in writing.

(b) Accidents during and/or disease contracted prior to commencement

of risk.

(c) Intentional slaughter of the animal except in cases where destruction

is necessary to terminate incurable suffering on human consideration

on the basis of certificate issued by qualified veterinarian or in cases

where destruction is resorted to by the order of law fully consulted

authority.

(d) Theft and clandestine sale of the insured animal.

(e) War, invasion, act of foreign enemy, hostilities (whether war be

declared or not), civil war, rebellion, revolution, insurrection,

mutiny, military or usurped power or any consequences thereof or

attempt of threat.

94

(t) Any accident, loss destruction, damage or legal liability directly or

indirectly caused by or contributed to by or arising from nuclear

weapons.

9. Veterinary Examination:

(I) The report of a qualified veterinarian giving the age, identification

marks, health of the cattle must be obtained for each proposal.

Wherever qualified veterinarians are not available, companies may,

at their discretion accept certificate of health issued by livestock

inspectors who are diploma holders. Such certificates will be valid

for acceptances of proposal only.

(2) Fresh veterinary examination is not necessary for renewal of Cattle

Insurance Policy, if renewal is made on or before the date of expiry

of the policy.

(3) Insurers may pay the veterinarian a fee Rs.lO/- per large animal for

examination (including tagging charges) the proposal of which has

been accepted by the insurer.) The insurer may directly make

payment to Veterinary Doctor. Alternatively the proposer may pay

the fee to the veterinarian in which case, credit of the fee actually

paid not exceeding Rs.5/- or Rs.lO/- per animal would be given by

insured to proposer, if proposal were accepted.

10. Identification of Animal : All insured animals should be suitably

identified by one or more of the following methods:

.,. Ear tag made of suitable materials be used.

9S

» Natural identification and colour should be clearly noted in the

proposal fonn and veterinarian's report. The cost of ear-tags and

tagging charges will be borne by the insurer.

» Photograph of animal may be insisted in case of high value animals.

» No tagging charges as veterinary fee is inclusive of tagging charges.

However re-tagging charges ofRs.1O per animal is fixed.

11. Transfer of Interest : Provided previous notice in writing is given

to the Company, a policy may be transferred to an approved new

owner or to cover a new (an other) animal subject to adjustment of

premium on a pro-rata basis.

12. Claim Procedure : In the event of death of an animal immediate

intimation should be sent to the insurers and the following

requirements should be furnished:

(a) Duly completed claim fonn.

(b) Death certificate obtained from qualified veterinarian on

company's form.

(c) Post -mortem examination report if required by the company.

13. Policy Forms: The Cattle Insurance Policy is unifonnly prescribed

for all insurance companies and the same contains all the relevant

tenns and conditions.

96

Business of Lie in Rural Areas

One of the main purposes of nationalization was to spread the life

insurance business to rural areas where population was less than one lakh.

The amount of rural business in absolute tenn is rising whereas the

percentage share of rural business to total business is going down. The

definition of Rural/Social Sector has been redefined by the Insurance

Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Insurance legislation in

India under Section V.

Table 5.7

COMPARISION OF RURAL BUSINESS TO TOTAL BUSINESS

Year Policies Business

i Numbers Percentages to Amount of Percentages to

of policies Total Policies policies in total business

in Lakhs crores of Rs.

I 99-l- '95 49.02 45.1 21571.00 39.1

1995-'96 52.57 47.7 21263.59 41.0

i 1996-'97 60.33 49.2 24278.73 42.8

1 1997-'98 68.40 51.4 27550.69 433

1998-'99 81.23 54.7 35372.94 47.0 ,

1999-'00 97.04 57.5 44168.19 48.7

2000-'0 I 3534 18.2 17955.88 14.6

2001- '02 37.01 13.7 25461.94 16.9

, Source. LIe s Annual Reports & Accounts

97

The share of rural business to total business has been continuously

declining from 31.8 percent in 1961 to 24.5 percent in 1970 and further to

14.9 percent in 1975. It improved from 22.0 percent in 1980 to 34.68

percent in 1990. Not only this but the percentage of policies issued in rural

areas to total policies has also been decreasing. This. evidently. reveals that

the percentage of rural business to total new business. instead of going uP.

is going down which is very discouraging signs. It has improved in 1990

and touched the highest figure in 1994. It declined to 13.7 percent to total

policies and 16.9 percent of total sum assured in 2001·2002.

98