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Autotrophic Nutrition - Organisms manufacture organic
compounds (C6H12O6) from inorganic raw materials.(CO2 + H2O)
Ex. Chemosynthesis Ex2: Photosynthesis – converts light energy
to chemical energy. Most Oxygen in air from photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts Where photosynthesis takes place Pigment – chlorophyll – traps sunlight
– Separate colors/pigments by chromotography
Photosynthetic Equation6CO2 + 12 H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6 H2O
Carbon Dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen + Water
***Photosynthesis is the opposite of Respiration***
Photosynthesis: Occurs in plants, during the day, in the chloroplasts
Respiration: All organisms, all the time, in the mitochondria
Reactions of Photosynthesis1. Photochemical Reaction
(“light reaction”)
Occurs in the grana (chloroplast) H2O is absorbed Light energy is converted to chemical energy H2O splits – photolysis, oxygen goes into the
atmosphere H2 combines with NADP(enzyme) temporarily ATP ADP for energy
2. Carbon-Fixation Reactions (Dark)
Occurs in the stroma (chloroplast) H2 and NADP split
H2 combines with CO2
H2 CO2 PGAL (3 Carbon sugar)
PGAL C6H12O6 (Glucose 6 Carbon sugar)
Structure of the leaf Cuticle – (cutin)
Waxy covering of the epidermisProtects against water loss
Upper & Lower EpidermisOuter Cell Layer
Palisade layerPacked with chloroplastsMost photosynthesis here
Spongy layerBelow palisade layerAir pockets Some photosynthesis here
Mesophyll2 layers- Palisade & Spongy
Guard CellsRegulates the size of a stomate ( gas exchange)Some photosynthesis here
Stomates (stoma)Openings for gas exchange
VeinsXylem – transports waterPhloem – transports food (glucose)
Wavelengths of Light Why is chlorophyll green?
They absorb red and blue wavelengths and reflect green.
Red and blue light best for photosynthesis – these colors are absorbed
Green and yellow worst for photosynthesis - these colors are reflected