Chapter 5Content Statement 5:Latitude and longitude can be used to make observations about location and generalizations about climate.

Relationship Between Latitude, Longitude, and ClimateKey Terms:

LatitudeLongitudeEquatorPrime MeridianAbsolute LocationRelative LocationClimate

Imaginary Lines Divide the EarthLocations on the Earth’s surface are

identified using lines of latitude (horizontal) and longitude (vertical).

These lines help us locate places.These lines run around the Earth from left to

right and from top to bottom.

Lines of Latitude and Longitude

Imaginary Lines Divide the EarthEquator – imaginary line that runs left to

right around the center of the Earth from halfway between the North Pole and South Pole.

Equator divides the Earth into a northern half and a southern half.

These 2 halves are called hemispheres (remember from your spelling packet?)

The half to the north is the Northern Hemisphere.

The half to the south is the Southern Hemisphere.

Equator

Imaginary Lines Divide the EarthPrime Meridian – the imaginary line that

runs around the Earth from the top to bottom.

Prime Meridian divides the Earth into eastern and western hemisphere.

The half to the east of the prime meridian is called the Eastern Hemisphere.

The half to the west of the prime meridian is called the Western Hemisphere.

Prime Meridian

Fascinating FactEvery place in the world is located in two

hemispheres – northern or southern and eastern or western! Some continents are located in more than two hemispheres.

What hemisphere is the United States located in?

(Remember every place is located in 2)

Map-Skill BuilderTurn in your packet to page 49 and analyze

the maps of the hemispheres and answer questions 1-7.

Map Skills Answers to pg. 491. Equator2. Prime Meridian3. North America & Asia4. Australia & Antarctica5. Asia & Australia6. North America & South America7. Africa

Latitude and LongitudeLatitude describes a point’s position on

Earth’s surface in relation to the Equator. Imaginary circles called parallels of latitude run around the Earth parallel to the Equator.

Longitude describes a point’s position on Earth’s surface in relation to the Prime Meridian. Meridians of longitude are imaginary half circles that run between the North and South Poles.

Latitude and LongitudePositions found using latitude and longitude

are measured by degrees (°). The Equator is at 0 ° latitude. The Prime Meridian is at 0 ° degrees longitude.

Latitude Lines at the PolesThe Arctic Circle is am imaginary circle around the

North Pole. Line of latitude at about 66° north of the Equator.North of this latitude are periods of continuous night

in the winter and continuous day in the summer.

The Antarctic Circle is am imaginary circle around the South Pole.

Line of latitude at about 66° south of Equator.South of this latitude are period of continuous night

in the winter and continuous day in the summer

Map Skill-BuilderTurn to page 50 and label the globe.You will need a red, blue, green, yellow, and

brown crayon or colored pencil.

Absolute and Relative LocationEvery place on Earth has a location!Absolute location expresses a point on the

Earth’s surface by means of a grid (using latitude and longitude lines). It is the EXACT location.

Cleveland, Ohio is located at 41 ° N (latitude) and 81 ° W (longitude)

Relative Location expresses a point on the Earth’s surface by describing it in relation to other places. For example, Cleveland, Ohio is located east of Toledo, Ohio. Canada is located north of the U.S. These are both relative locations.

Absolute and Relative LocationTurn to page 51 in your packet and answer

True/False questions 1-6.CORRECT ANY FALSE STATEMENT TO

MAKE IT TRUE!

Answers to pg. 511. F – All places on Earth have a location.2. F – Relative location tells us where a

location is in relation to another location.3. T4. T5. F – Latitude and Longitude are necessary

to help you find an absolute location.6. T

Location Absolutely Affects ClimateLatitude and Longitude can be used to make

generalizations about climate. Regions near the Equator are the warmest because

they receive more of the sun’s rays year-round.These areas are located in low latitude.Regions farther away from the Equator experience

milder climates. These areas are in the middle latitudes.The North and South Pole are so cold because they

receive little direct sunlight. They are said to be in the high latitudes.

Cause and EffectTurn in your packet to page. 52 and complete

the graphic organizer. For latitude, write low, middle, high.For climate, write warm, mild, or cold.