MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYChapter 5: Respiratory System

Chapter 5 Abbreviations

BS CF COPD PE SIDS TB URI

PCN

= breath sounds= cystic fibrosis= chronic obstructive pulmonary disease= pulmonary embolism= sudden infant death syndrome= tuberculosis= upper respiratory infection (common cold)= penicillin

Chapter 5 Abbreviations

ABG’s CO2 HHN O2 PF Pulse ox RT SOB

= arterial blood gases= carbon dioxide= hand held nebulizer= oxygen= peak flow= pulse oximetry= respiratory therapy= short of breath

Chapter 5 Abbreviations

DNR DOA I & D T & A VAT

= do not resuscitate= dead on arrival= incision and drainage= tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy= video assisted thoracotomy

The Respiratory System

The Function The exchange of O2 and CO2 between

the atmosphere and body cells (called respiration or breathing)

Internal & External Respiration Consists of nose, pharynx, larynx,

trachea, bronchi, and lungs

The Respiratory System

Organs of the Respiratory System Nose

Lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air

Nasal Septum: partition separating the right and left nasal cavities

Paranasal sinuses: air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

Pharynx Serves as a food and air passageway (also called

throat) Air= nose, pharynx, larynx Food=mouth, pharynx, esophagus

The Respiratory System

Adenoids: lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity

Tonsils: lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth

Larynx Locationof the vocal cords. Air enters from the

pharynx (also called voice box) Epiglottis: flap of cartilage that automatically

covers the opening of and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing

Trachea Passageway for air to the bronchi (also called

windpipe)

The Respiratory System

Bronchus (pl. bronchi) One of two branches from the trachea that

conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branching resemble a tree; therefore, they are referred to as a bronchial tree

Bronchioles: smallest subdivision of the tree

Alveolus (pl. alveoli): air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. O2 & CO2 are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries

The Respiratory System

Lungs Two spongelike organs in the thoracic

cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes

Pleura Double-folded serous membrane covering

each lung and lining the thoracic cavity, which contains serous fluid

The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System

Word Parts for Respiratory SystemCombining Form Definition

adenoid/o alveol/o bronchi/o, bronch/o diaphragmat/o, epiglott/o laryng/o lob/o nas/o, rhin/o

adenoids alveolus bronchus diaphragm epiglottis larynx lobe nose

Word Parts forRespiratory SystemCombining Form Definition

pharyng/o pleur/o pneum/o, pneumon/o pulmon/o sept/o sinus/o thorac/o tonsill/o trache/o

pharynx pleura lung, air lung septum (wall of, fence) sinus thorax (chest) tonsil trachea

Word Parts Commonly Used with Respiratory System

Combining Form Definition

atel/o capn/o hem/o, hemat/o muc/o orth/o ox/i, ox/o phon/o py/o spir/o

imperfect, incomplete carbon dioxide blood mucus straight oxygen sound, voice pus breathe, breathing

Word Parts forRespiratory SystemPrefix Definition

a-, an- endo- eu- pan- poly- tachy-

absence of, without within normal, good all, total many, much fast, rapid

Word Parts forRespiratory SystemSuffix Definition

-algia -ar, -ary, -eal -cele -centesis

-ectasis -emia -graphy

pain pertaining to hernia or protrusion surgical puncture to aspirate

fluid (with a sterile needle) stretching out, dilatation,

expansion blood condition process of recording,

radiographic imaging

Word Parts for Respiratory SystemSuffix Definition

-meter -metry -pexy -pnea -rrhagia -scope -scopic -scopy

instrument used to measure measurement surgical fixation, suspension breathing rapid flow of blood instrument used for visual

examination pertaining to visual examination visual examination

Word Parts forRespiratory SystemSuffix Definition

-spasm -stenosis -stomy -thorax -tomy

sudden, involuntary muscle contraction

constriction or narrowing creation of an artificial opening chest cut into or incision

Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition

adenoiditis alveolitis atelectasis bronchiectasis bronchitis bronchogenic

carcinoma bronchopneumo

nia

inflammation of the adenoids inflammation of the alveolus incomplete expansion (of the

lung) dilation of the bronchi inflammation of the bronchi cancerous tumor originating in

a bronchus diseased state of the bronchi

and lungs (usually caused by infection)

Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition

diaphragmatocele

epiglottitis hemothorax laryngitis laryngotracheo-

bronchitis (LTB) lobar pneumonia

hernia of the diaphragm inflammation of the

epiglottis blood in the chest (pleural

space) inflammation of the larynx inflammation of the larynx,

trachea, and bronchi pertaining to the lobe(s);

diseased state of the lung (infection of one or more lobes of the lungs)

Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition

nasopharyngitis pansinusitis pharyngitis pleuritis pneumonia

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

inflammation of all sinuses inflammation of the pharynx inflammation of the pleura

(pleurisy) diseased state of the lung

(the infection and inflammation are caused by bacteria such as Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Haemophilus; viruses; and fungi)

Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition

pneumonitis pneumothorax

pulmonary neoplasm

pyothorax rhinitis

inflammation of the lung air in the chest, which causes

collapse of the lung (often a result of an open chest wound)

pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth

pus in the chest (pleural space) inflammation of the (mucous)

membranes (nose)

Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition

rhinomycosis rhinorrhagia

thoracalgia tonsillitis tracheitis tracheosteno

sis

abnormal condition of fungus in the nose

rapid flow of blood from the nose (also called epistaxis)

pain in the chest inflammation of the tonsils inflammation of the trachea narrowing of the trachea

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition

asthma

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

respiratory disease characterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which is caused by constriction of airways that is reversible between attacks

a progressive lung disease that restricts air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the

two main components of COPD, but it may also be caused by chronic asthmatic bronchitis. Most COPD is a result of cigarette smoking

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition

croup

epistaxis influenza

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness and stridor. It may be caused by viral or bacterial

infection, allergy, or foreign body. Mainly in children

nosebleed (rhinorrhagia) highly infectious respiratory

disease caused by a virus (also called flu)

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

pleural effusion

upper respiratory infection

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure

fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (commonly called a cold)

Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms]Term Definition

adenoidectomy adenotome

bronchoplasty laryngectomy larynoplasty laryngostomy

laryngotracheotomy

excision of the adenoids surgical instrument used to cut

the adenoids surgical repair of a bronchus excision of the larynx surgical repair of the larynx creation of an artificial opening

into the larynx incision of the larynx and

trachea

Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms]Term Definition

lobectomy pleuropexy pneumonectomy rhinoplasty septoplasty septotomy sinusotomy thoracocentesis

excision of a lobe (0f the lung) surgical fixation of the pleura excision of a lung surgical repair of the nose surgical repair of the (nasal) septum incision into the (nasal) septum incision of a sinus surgical puncture to aspirate fluid

from the chest cavity (thoracentesis)

Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms]Term Definition

thoracotomy tonsillectomy tracheoplasty tracheostomy

tracheotomy

incision into the chest cavity excision of the tonsils surgical repair of the trachea creation of an artificial

opening into the trachea incision of the trachea

Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition

ENDOSCOPY bronchoscope bronchoscopy endoscope

endoscopic

endoscopy

instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi

visual examination of the bronchi instrument used for visual examination

within (a hollow organ or body cavity) pertaining to visual examination within

(a hollow organ or body cavity) used to describe the practice of performing

surgeries that use endoscopes

visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)

Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition

laryngoscope

laryngoscopy thoracoscope thoracoscopy

instrument used for visual examination of the larynx

visual examination of the larynx

instrument used for visual examination of the thorax

visual examination of the thorax

Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition

PULMONARY FUNCTION capnometer

oximeter

spirometer

spirometry

instrument used to measure carbon dioxide (levels in expired gas)

instrument used to measure oxygen (saturation in the blood)

instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volumes)

a measurement of breathing (or lung volumes

Med Terms (not from word parts)Diagnostic TermsTerm Definition

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING

chest radiograph (CXR)

PULMONARY FUNCTION

Arterial blood gases (ABG’s)

a radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (chest x-ray)

a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of O2, CO2, and other gases present

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition

peak flow meter

pulse oximetry

a portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lung used to help monitor asthma and

adjust medication accordingly

a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition

OTHER

auscultation

percussion

the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope. Used for assessing and/or diagnosing

conditions of the lungs, pleura, heart, and abdomen

the act of tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained A dull sound indicates the presence of

fluid in a body space or cavity such as in the pleural space

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition

stethoscope an instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement

Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition

acapnia

alveolar anoxia aphonia apnea bronchoalveolar bronchospasm diaphragmatic

condition of absence (less than normal level) of CO2 (in the blood)

pertaining to the alveolus condition of absence of oxygen condition of absence of voice absence of breathing pertaining to the bronchi & alveoli spasmodic contraction in the

bronchi pertaining to the diaphragm

(phrenic)

Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition

dysphonia dyspnea endotracheal eupnea hypercapnia hyperpnea hypocapnia hypopnea hypoxemia

condition of difficult speaking difficult breathing pert. to within the trachea normal breathing condition of excessive CO2 (in the

blood) excessive breathing condition of deficient CO2 (in the blood) deficient breathing condition of deficient O2 in the blood

Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition

hypoxia intrapleural laryngeal laryngospasm mucoid mucous nasopharyngea

l orthopnea

condition of deficient O2 (to the tissues)

pert. to within the pleura pert. to the larynx spasmodic contraction of the larynx resembling mucus pert. to mucus pert. to the nose and pharynx able to breathe easier in a straight

(upright) position

Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition

pulmonary pulmonologist

pulmonology

rhinorrhea tachypnea thoracic

pert. to the lungs a physician who studies and

treats diseases of the lung study of the lung (a branch of

medicine dealing with diseases of the lung)

discharge from the nose (as in a cold)

rapid breathing pert. to the chest

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition

airway

aspirate

bronchoconstrictor

bronchodilator

passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed

to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract

agent causing narrowing of the bronchi

agent causing the bronchi to widen

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition

cough

hiccup

hyperventilation

hypoventilation

mucopurulent

sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs

sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm

(hiccough and singultus) ventilation of the lungs beyond

normal body needs ventilation of the lungs that does not

fulfill the body’s gas exchange needs containing both mucus and pus

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition

mucus

nebulizer

nosocomial infection

paroxysm

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes

device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment

an infection acquired during hospitalization

periodic, sudden attack

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition

patent

sputum

ventilator

open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi can be applied to any tubular passageway

in the body, as in a patent artery, allowing passage of blood)

mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition

auscultatory inhale exhale purulent normal adult

RR

pert. to auscultation breathe in breathe out containing pus 12-20 breaths per minute