Ans: EKeyword: Albany Plan of Union; colonial divisiveness

1. The Albany Plan of Union

a. was based largely on the ideas of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Hutchinson.

b. came to nothing because no colonial legislature would surrender control over its powers of taxation.

c. called for a Grand Council that would devise military and Indian policies and demand funds from the colonies.

d. was organized to resolve differences among the colonies and restore the confidence of the Indians.

e. all of these

Ans: AKeyword: Proclamation of 1763; Quebec Act; land claims

2. Both the Proclamation of 1763 and the Quebec Act of 1774

a. interfered with colonial claims to western lands.b. extended religious freedom to Catholics.c. were repealed after colonial protests.d. were designed to reaffirm French sovereignty in Canada.e. imposed new taxes on goods imported from Europe.

Ans: BKeyword: Seven Years’ War; George Washington

3. Troops under this commander provoked an incident that led to the Seven Years' War:

a. William Pepperellb. George Washingtonc. Louis Montcalmd. Edward Braddocke. Jeffrey Amherst

Ans: CKeyword: Seven Years’ War

4. In the early years of the Seven Years’ War in America, the French were able to maintain the offensive against the Anglo-Americans for all of the following reasons except that

a. the French had overwhelming support from Native Americans.b. nearly every able-bodied Canadian had been mobilized into a

formidable militia.c. Canadians outnumbered the Anglo-Americans by about twenty

to one.d. the American colonies balked at providing many troops and

frequently sent poorly trained men.e. General Braddock only dimly perceived the strength and

resourcefulness of the forces gathering against him.

Ans: CKeyword: Seven Years’ War; William Pitt

5. How did William Pitt plan to encourage the Americans to assume the military burden in the Seven Years’ War in America?

a. by promising to open the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains to settlement

b. by hinting broadly at increased colonial self-government in the post-war world

c. by promising that if the colonies raised the necessary men, Parliament would bear the financial burden

d. by guaranteeing lower tariffs and internal taxes in the post-war era

e. all of these

Ans: EKeyword: Treaty of Paris

6. As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1763,

a. France lost all its possessions in the New World.b. most of Spain's New World empire was transferred to France.c. Louisbourg was returned to the French in exchange for a

British outpost in India that the French had taken during the war.

d. Britain lost Canada and India, while the French transferred St. Pierre to the Dutch.

e. the British gained Florida and Canada and became supreme in eastern North America.

Ans: AKeyword: Pontiac’s Rebellion; Native Americans

7. Pontiac's Rebellion occurred because

a. the Native Americans feared that Anglo-American settlers would flock to areas west of the Appalachian Mountains.

b. the British had abandoned their western forts to the French.c. the colonial government of Virginia had been pressuring

Iroquois tribes to move west so that white settlement could expand.

d. some Indian tribes objected to the alliance that had been formed with the French.

e. African-American slaves in South Carolina began to fear the loss of status to Indian indentured servants.

Ans: BKeyword: Writs of Assistance; British government

8. A writ of assistance

a. helped colonial merchants cut through the red tape of imperial trade regulations.

b. allowed the British to ransack a colonial merchant's house in search of illegal goods.

c. required prosecutors to present evidence of probable cause for suspicion of smuggling.

d. required that specified colonial products be landed in Britain before being shipped to other countries.

e. required that colonial commerce agents provide subsidies to merchants engaged in trade outside the British Empire.

Ans: DKeyword: Sugar Act; British government

9. The Sugar Act

a. placed a 3 pence per gallon duty on foreign molasses.b. required that colonists exporting lumber, iron, whalebone, and

other commodities to foreign countries first land their shipments in Britain.

c. slapped a heavy tax on American merchants carrying duty-free Portuguese wines to the colonies.

d. required captains to fill out a confusing series of documents to certify his trade as legal.

e. all of these

Ans: AKeyword: Sugar Act; colonial resistance

10. Colonial objections to the Sugar Act were based on

a. its economic consequences or its denial of traditional guarantees of a fair trial.

b. its unconstitutional goal of regulating imperial trade.c. its violation of the no-taxation-without-representation

principle.d. a realization that united action would save money in the long

run.e. all of these

Ans: BKeyword: British government; prime ministers

11. Which of the following men was not a British prime minister during the reign of George III?

a. George Grenvilleb. Thomas Hutchinsonc. the Marquis of Rockinghamd. Frederick, Lord Northe. William Pitt

Ans: CKeyword: taxation; British government

12. During the 1760s, British tax rates were

a. considerably lower than the rates in the colonies.b. the second lowest in Europe.c. the second highest in Europe.d. the same as the rates in the colonies.e. the same as the rates in most European nations.

Ans: EKeyword: Sugar Act; Stamp Act

13. An important difference between the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act was that the latter

a. was merely a revision of a previously existing tax, so colonists could not object.

b. instituted a tax that was to be paid mainly by merchants, shippers, and lawyers and would therefore not upset the average colonist.

c. received united support from members of Parliament and therefore could be effectively enforced.

d. affected relatively few colonists, since few wrote letters.e. was an internal tax intended to raise revenue and therefore

have wide-ranging effects, rather than an external tax intended to regulate trade and hence affect mainly merchants and ship captains.

Ans: BSGKeyword: Thomas Paine; Common Sense; colonial resistance

14. Which of the following helped convince the delegates to the Second Continental Congress to vote for independence?

a. the unexpected success of the colonists in clearing British troops out of New England.

b. Tom Paine's Common Sense.c. the Boston Massacre.d. John Dickinson's Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania.e. the proverbs in Benjamin Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanack.

Ans: AKeyword: Parliament; British government

15. Which of the following statements represents the conception of parliamentary power held in the 1760s by most American colonists?

a. Parliament had limited powers of legislation that included authority to regulate imperial trade but excluded the authority to tax the colonists.

b. Parliament represented all citizens of the empire and therefore had the authority to legislate on all matters relevant to American colonists.

c. Parliament included no Americans among its members and therefore had no authority to interfere with colonial trade.

d. Since Parliament was made up of corrupt politicians who represented only large landholders, Parliamentary law had no authority in the North American colonies.

e. Because Parliament created the colonies, the colonial assemblies possessed no more power than Parliament permitted them.

Ans: BKeyword: Stamp Act; colonial resistance

16. American opposition to the Stamp Act took which of the following forms?

a. street fighters who maimed or murdered anyone who supported the act

b. primarily violence against propertyc. gangs of seamen who tarred and feathered stamp distributorsd. a wide-spread boycott of stamps, led by prominent women

throughout the coloniese. a congress that, in the end, was able to protest the Stamp Act

on only narrow economic grounds

Ans: EKeyword: Stamp Act; British government

17. In the face of the colonial reaction to the Stamp Act the British government

a. revoked the act and slowly began to return its colonial policies to those of salutary neglect.

b. reinforced all British garrisons in North America and prepared for a long conflict.

c. concluded that the colonies were incapable of cooperating and that the next phase of imperial restructuring should begin.

d. imposed harsh martial law on the colonies and revoked all civil liberties.

e. revoked the act but reaffirmed parliamentary power to legislate for the colonies in all cases.

Ans: CKeyword: Stamp Act; Townshend duties; British government

18. The chief reason for Parliament's repeal of the Stamp Act and the Townshend duties was the

a. conviction that the colonists were on the verge of revolution.b. pleas of Burke and Pitt to conciliate with the colonists by

recognizing their right to tax themselves.c. harmful effects of colonial boycotts and non-importation

agreements on British business.d. expectation that the colonial assemblies would voluntarily vote

for higher taxes.e. fear that civil war would spread throughout the colonies.

Ans: AKeyword: Quartering Act; British government

19. The conflict over the Quartering Act demonstrated that

a. there was strong anticolonial sentiment in the House of Commons and that Parliament would not hesitate to defend its sovereignty.

b. there was a strong procolonial bloc in the House of Commons that was prepared to exert considerable pressure on the government to maintain good relations with the colonies.

c. neither the king nor Parliament particularly cared about the civil liberties of Americans as long as the colonies were paying their share of colonial defense.

d. the British government was caught in a dilemma of wanting to permit continued American self-governance but, at the same time, wanting to reassert at least the principle of parliamentary sovereignty.

e. King George III was, in reality, the main force within the British government restraining the ministry of Lord North from imposing a tyranny on the colonies.

Ans: BKeyword: Townsend Act; Townshend duties

20. The Townshend Duties

a. required that all legal documents and newspapers be printed on special watermarked paper.

b. set only moderate tax rates that did not price goods out of the colonial market.

c. imposed such heavy duties on imported goods that colonists could no longer afford to buy them.

d. removed taxes on all items except those being shipped to the British West Indies.

e. raised large amounts of revenue and helped to reduce the British treasury's serious deficit.

Ans: EKeyword: John Dickinson; Letters from an American Farmer

21. Who wrote twelve Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania arguing that Parliament could regulate trade but could not tax for the purpose of raising revenue?

a. Benjamin Franklinb. Patrick Henryc. James Otisd. Samuel Adamse. John Dickinson

Ans: CKeyword: John Wilkes

22. What was the effect on the colonies of the John Wilkes case?

a. Some Virginians dumped tobacco into Charleston harbor in protest.

b. Many New Yorkers concluded that the colonial government was too powerful to be opposed.

c. The political thinking of government opponents was sharpened.

d. Many colonists concluded that Parliament had been right all along.

e. The South Carolina assembly voted to pay an extra £1,500 in taxes to ensure that the government could prosecute Wilkes.

Ans: BKeyword: sermons; political information

23. Which of the following would have been most important in influencing the opinion of the average colonial American on political issues of the day?

a. political pamphletsb. sermonsc. newspapersd. weekly magazinese. books

Ans: CKeyword: Townshend crisis; women

24. Which of the following is typical of the role that colonial women played during the Townshend crisis?

a. remaining at home to ensure that family affairs continued to function in an orderly fashion

b. providing refreshments at Sons of Liberty meetingsc. organizing spinning beesd. encouraging the men to be moderate and peacefule. leading street protests and bread riots

Ans: EKeyword: Townshend crisis; women

25. From the perspective of a member of the British government, which of the following was the best indication of the strength of colonial hostility to the Townshend duties?

a. strident sermons urging congregations to stand up for God and liberty

b. the increasing membership of the Sons of Libertyc. renewed non-importation agreementsd. increasingly shrill editorials in leading newspaperse. female participation in symbolic protests

Ans: AKeyword: customs duties

26. According to the colonists, the American Board of Customs Commissioners

a. pursued a program that was little more than a system of legalized piracy.

b. should have been allowed to function only if the British government furnished the funds needed to pay the commissioners.

c. offered a more efficient and equitable method of collecting customs because it was an American, rather than a British, commission.

d. was made up of treasonous Tories who should have been hanged in the town square.

e. was hampered in defending merchant John Hancock because of British regulations.

Ans: BKeyword: customs duties; John Hancock

27. Who was the prominent American whose experience with the customs commissioners forced many Americans to conclude that Parliament had no lawmaking authority over the colonies except on matters of imperial trade?

a. Thomas Paineb. John Hancockc. Samuel Adamsd. John Dickinsone. Thomas Hutchinson

Ans: CKeyword: parliamentary power

28. Events in the late 1760s and early 1770s helped to bring about a new consensus in the colonies. What was that consensus?

a. that the government could not tax the colonies because they were not represented in Parliament

b. that the British constitution could be altered by the passage of new laws

c. that Parliament had no lawmaking authority over the colonies except for the right to regulate imperial commerce

d. that the American colonies would be free from tyranny only when they were independent of British rule

e. that only by working within the British constitution could the colonies safeguard their liberties

Ans: EKeyword: Boston Massacre

29. In the Boston Massacre,

a. a large force of British troops ruthlessly fired on unarmed civilians, killing fifty.

b. an unpopular customs informer killed two young boys when he fired birdshot at several children bombarding his house with rocks.

c. a fictitious confrontation, invented by Samuel Adams, took place between British troops and Boston citizens.

d. Unemployed Boston fishermen ambushed a squad of British soldiers, killing them and twenty innocent bystanders.

e. Bostonians hurled ice, rocks, and lumber at British soldiers, who then fired without orders and killed five citizens.

Ans: AKeyword: Boston Massacre; John Adams

30. Which of the following was the attorney who defended the British soldiers accused of firing on the civilians in the Boston Massacre?

a. John Adamsb. Thomas Hutchinsonc. Thomas Pained. John Wilkese. John Dickinson

Ans: EKeyword: colonial divisiveness

31. The colonial divisiveness that existed in the early 1770s could be seen in

a. guerrilla warfare in Vermont between settlers from New York and New Hampshire.

b. Pennsylvania's legal battles with Virginia and Connecticut.c. civil war in North Carolina between eastern and western

factions of the state.d. clashes in the Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania, between

Pennsylvanians and New Englanders who claimed title to the same land.

e. all of these

Ans: ASGKeyword: Declaratory Act

32. In the Declaratory Act, Parliament asserted that

a. it had the right to legislate for the colonies in all matters, including levying taxes.

b. the colonists were in rebellion and therefore subject to martial law.

c. the colonists had forfeited their traditional rights as English citizens because they had left the country .

d. it would repeal all of the Townshend duties except the duty on tea.

e. it would take over payment of the salaries of the royal governors and other colonial officials.

Ans: BKeyword: committees of correspondence

33. The colonists' first attempt at maintaining close and continuing cooperation over a wide area was

a. the Stamp Act Manifesto.b. the committees of correspondence.c. Continental Congress.d. the circular letter.e. the spinning bee network.

Ans: AKeyword: colonial resistance

34. All of the following factors helped to convince colonists that the British government was set on a course aimed at destroying fundamental freedoms except

a. Edmund Burke's proposals to Parliament in March 1775.b. government reaction to the Gaspee incident.c. the Hutchinson letters.d. the Tea Act.e. the Townshend duties.

Ans: CKeyword: Tea Act

35. In 1773 the British government passed the Tea Act, which

a. raised import duties on tea and thereby caused the cost of tea to skyrocket.

b. granted the British East India Company a monopoly on all tea sold in the colonies, thereby permitting the company to raise tea prices across the board.

c. eliminated the additional import duties on tea and, as a result, significantly lowered the price of tea in the colonies.

d. prohibited the consumption of any tea that had not been shipped in British vessels.

e. ended all tea monopolies, thereby opening up competition and putting American smugglers out of business.

Ans: BSGKeyword: Tea Act

36. Americans objected to the Tea Act because

a. it would raise the price they had to pay for tea.b. there was still a tax on tea and the customs duties collected on

it would be used to pay the salaries of royal governors.c. it forced them to drink tea when they preferred coffee.d. it forced them to buy from the British East India Tea Company,

which sold low-quality, overpriced tea.e. it demonstrated that the colonial economy depended on the

British West Indies.

Ans: EKeyword: Coercive Acts; Intolerable Acts

37. The Coercive Acts

a. restructured the Massachusetts government.b. closed Boston harbor.c. permitted certain murderers to be tried in England.d. were called the “Intolerable Acts” by Edmund Burke.e. all of these

Ans: AKeyword: Quebec Act

38. One of the reasons that American colonists objected to the Quebec Act was that

a. it made Roman Catholicism Quebec's official religion.b. it permitted criminal cases to be settled without the use of

juries.c. it provided a forum in which representatives of all the colonies

would be able to share plans for resisting British oppression.d. it transferred Quebec back to France, thereby placing a hostile

power at the northern border of the American colonies.e. all of these

Ans: BKeyword: Continental Association

39. The purpose of the Continental Association was to

a. abolish individual colonial governments and replace them with a unified colonial government under royal control.

b. boycott British goods and cease exporting almost all goods to Britain.

c. provide a forum in which representatives of all the colonies would be able to share plans for resisting British oppression.

d. create a free-trade zone within the thirteen colonies.e. devise a method of collecting all taxes until the former

Massachusetts charter was restored.

Ans: EKeyword: Continental Congress

40. Which of the following is out of correct chronological order?

a. Townshend Duties.b. Tea Act.c. Battle of Concord.d. Declaration of Independence.e. First Continental Congress.

Ans: DKeyword: Olive Branch Petition

41. Which of the following was not one of the demands of the Olive Branch Petition?

a. that the government proclaim a cease-fire at Bostonb. that the Coercive Acts be repealedc. that negotiations be opened in order to establish guarantees of

American rightsd. that King George turn over the running of the colonies to his

ministerse. These were all demands of the Olive Branch Petition

Ans: EKeyword: social attitudes

42. The attitude of colonial Americans in 1775 concerning reconciliation with Britain can be seen in

a. the Olive Branch Petition.b. Thomas Paine’s argument that the king was a royal brute and a

hardened, sullen-tempered Pharaoh.c. the creation of the Continental Army.d. a sentimental attachment to the king.e. all of these

Ans: BKeyword: Declaration of Independence; colonial resistance

43. In the Declaration of Independence, whom did the Americans indict for "repeated injuries and usurpations"?

a. Parliament, because of the oppressive legislation that it had passed over ten years

b. King George III, because of the crown's apparent intention to establish despotism

c. the king's ministers, because they had refused to compromise and had turned the king and Parliament against the colonies

d. British merchants, because their drive for personal profits had caused them to ignore the greater good of the empire

e. all of these

Ans: BKeyword: manufacturing; Philadelphia; economy

44. Early manufacturing in Philadelphia

a. failed because of problems with public sanitation.b. contributed to pollution.c. tended to focus on the growing high-technology sector.d. drove residents out of the city.e. all of these