Chapter 5 Section 3 Notes
I. Pericles’ Three goals for Athens
A. Golden Age 480 BC – 430 BC
B. First Goal was to strengthen
Athenian democracy
1. Increased the number of paid public officials
a. More money for average more
people involved in government
2. Direct Democracy a form of government in which citizen
rule directly.
3. In Athens, male citizens established important
governmentpolicies.
4. Pericles used money for treasury to build the largest navy for trade and
protection.
5. Pericles bought gold, ivory and
marble to beautify Athens
a. Parthenon built to honor Athena
II. Greek Styles in art
A. Proportion and balance Classical
Art
B. Phidias was the sculptor of the
statue of Athena in the Parthenon
C. Figures that were graceful,
strong and perfectly formed.
A. Invented Drama in the West
B. Civic Pride and tribute to the gods
1. These included love, hate, war and
betrayal
2. Hero had a tragic flaw
a. Error of judgment or
personality defect
3. Three notable dramatists
a. Aeschylus wrote The Oresteria about
the family of Agamemnon
Aeschylus
525 BC - 456 BC
b. Euripides wrote the play Medea
featured sympathetic portrayals of
women
Euripides
484?-406
BC
c. Sophocles wrote Oedipus Rex
d. Thespius was the inventor of the
play
4. Comedy included slapstick
situations and crude humor
a. Inventors of satire making fun
of customs, politicsand respected
people of the time
b. Aristophanes was one of the best
known comics
448?-385? BC
IV. Spartans and Athenians go to
War
A. Sparta declared war against Athens
in 431 B.C.
B. Wars between Sparta and Athens became known as the Peloponnesian
Wars
C. Peloponnesian Wars lasted for 27
years
D. Thucydides wrote The History
of the Peloponnesian
Wars
Thucydides(about 460 -404 BC)
V. Philosophers Search for Truth
A. Philosophers means “Lovers of
Wisdom”
B. Two parts to Greek Philosophy
1. The Universe is put together in an
orderly way
2. People can understand these
laws through logic and reason
C. The sophists were teachers that
questioned everything
D. The three main philosophers
1. Socrates 469 B.C.- 399 B.C.
(427 BC -347 BC
a. Major question Know Thyself
b. Placed on trial for corrupting the
youth
2. Plato 427 B.C. –347 B.C. was the
student of Socrates
about 427-347 B.C.)
a. Plato wrote the book The Republic
1. About the Ideal society
3. Aristotle 384 B.C. 322 B.C.
a. Invented a method arguing according to the
rules of logic
b. Wrote the book Politics
1. About best governments