TissuesTissuesMs. Madeleine Myers, FNPMs. Madeleine Myers, FNP
Kadoka Area School DistrictKadoka Area School District
How is it all Connected?How is it all Connected?
Cells = basic unit of lifeCells = basic unit of life
Cells come together to form TISSUESCells come together to form TISSUES
TISSUES come together to form ORGANSTISSUES come together to form ORGANS
ORGANS come together to form SYSTEMSORGANS come together to form SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS come together to form US.SYSTEMS come together to form US.
What is a TISSUE?What is a TISSUE?
“Layers or groups of SIMILAR cells with a “Layers or groups of SIMILAR cells with a COMMON function.”COMMON function.”
Tissues are distinguished from each other Tissues are distinguished from each other because of differences in size, organization, because of differences in size, organization, and functionand function
4 TYPES OF TISSUES4 TYPES OF TISSUES
Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues: :
Connective TissuesConnective Tissues: :
Muscle TissuesMuscle Tissues::
Nervous TissuesNervous Tissues::
EPITHELIAL TISSUESEPITHELIAL TISSUESSheets of cellsSheets of cells
Specialized contacts/cell junctionsSpecialized contacts/cell junctions
Connective tissue supportConnective tissue support
Easily regeneratesEasily regenerates
skin, lining of gut, mucous membranesskin, lining of gut, mucous membranes
Simple:Simple: just one just one layer or cell shapelayer or cell shape
Stratified:Stratified:multiple layers and multiple layers and cell shapescell shapes
Classes of EpitheliaClasses of Epithelia
Simple EpitheliaSimple EpitheliaType Cell shape ExampleSquamous Squashed Endothelium (lines blood
vessels), mesothelium(serous lining of celom)
Cuboid al Cubed Walls of glands
Columnar Columns Lining of gut tube;sometimes w ith cilia likelining of uterine tube
Pseudo-stratified Flat cells give riseto columns
With cilia in respiratorytubes to movemucous/particles out oflungs
Stratified EpitheliaStratified Epithelia
SquamousSquamousepidermisepidermis
Transitional epitheliumTransitional epithelium
urinary structuresurinary structures----bladderbladder
Features of Features of Apical Apical Surface of Surface of EpitheliumEpithelium
Microvilli: (ex) in small intestine
Finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane of apical epithelial cellIncrease surface area for absorption
Cilia: (ex) respiratory tubes
Whip-like, motile extensionsMoves mucus, etc. over epithelial surface 1-way
Flagella: (ex) spermatoza
Extra long ciliaMoves cell
EPITHELIAL TISSUESEPITHELIAL TISSUES
So if Epithelial tissues are on the body surface So if Epithelial tissues are on the body surface and surround the organsand surround the organsProtection:Protection:Secretion: Secretion: Absorption: Absorption: Excretion: Excretion: Transports:Transports:Sensory:Sensory:
EPITHELIAL TISSUESEPITHELIAL TISSUES
Epithelial Tissues are classified by the shape Epithelial Tissues are classified by the shape of their cells.of their cells.There are 3 different epithelial tissue cell typesThere are 3 different epithelial tissue cell types1. 1. SquamousSquamous: flattened cells: flattened cells
2. 2. CuboidalCuboidal: Cube: Cube--like cellslike cells
3. 3. ColumnarColumnar: Elongated: Elongated
EPITHELIAL TISSUESEPITHELIAL TISSUES
The arrangement of these cells varies.The arrangement of these cells varies.There are two different ways to arrange There are two different ways to arrange Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues
1.1. SimpleSimple: one layer of cells. : one layer of cells.
2. 2. StratifiedStratified: two or more layers of cells.: two or more layers of cells.
Can You Identify the Can You Identify the Classes of Epithelium?Classes of Epithelium?
A B
C
D
EQuiz!!
Types of Epithelial TissuesTypes of Epithelial Tissues
There are eight different types of Epithelial There are eight different types of Epithelial tissues.tissues.When you refer to one type of Epithelial tissue When you refer to one type of Epithelial tissue you call it an Epithelium (this is the singular you call it an Epithelium (this is the singular spelling).spelling).Example: Example: Simple Simple SquamousSquamous EpitheliumEpitheliumWhat can you tell me about the name above What can you tell me about the name above based on what you just learned?based on what you just learned?
Glands: Glands: epithelial cells that make and epithelial cells that make and secrete a watersecrete a water--based substancebased substance
Exocrine GlandsExocrine GlandsSecrete substance onto body surface or Secrete substance onto body surface or into body cavity into body cavity Have ductsHave ductsE.G., salivary, mammary, pancreas, liverE.G., salivary, mammary, pancreas, liver
Endocrine GlandsEndocrine GlandsSecrete product into blood streamSecrete product into blood streamEither stored in Either stored in secretorysecretory cells or in follicle cells or in follicle surrounded by surrounded by secretorysecretory cellscellsHormones travel to target organ to increase Hormones travel to target organ to increase responseresponseNo ductsNo ducts
Connective TissuesConnective Tissues**Comprise much of the body **Comprise much of the body **The most abundant type of tissue by weight.**The most abundant type of tissue by weight.1. bind structures1. bind structures2. provide support and protection2. provide support and protection3. serve as a framework3. serve as a framework4. fill spaces4. fill spaces5. store fat5. store fat6. produce blood cells6. produce blood cells7. protect against infection7. protect against infection8. help repair tissue damage.8. help repair tissue damage.
Connective Tissue: BloodConnective Tissue: Blood
1. Cells suspended in fluid called PLASMA1. Cells suspended in fluid called PLASMA2. Red blood cells: transport gases2. Red blood cells: transport gases3. White blood cells: fight infection3. White blood cells: fight infection4. Platelets: cause blood clotting4. Platelets: cause blood clotting5. Mast cells = release histamine that5. Mast cells = release histamine that dialatesdialatescapillaries = swelling and redness.capillaries = swelling and redness.
“Loose” connective tissues“Loose” connective tissues
Adipose tissue mostly under skin and in Adipose tissue mostly under skin and in mesenteriesmesenteriesReticular: organized 3Reticular: organized 3--D network of fibers D network of fibers that support lots of cellsthat support lots of cells
marrow, spleen, lymph nodesmarrow, spleen, lymph nodes
Adipose tissueAdipose tissue
Adipose TissueAdipose Tissue
These cells accumulate fat, they enlarge and These cells accumulate fat, they enlarge and their nuclei is pushed to one sidetheir nuclei is pushed to one sideWhen they become too abundant they crowd When they become too abundant they crowd out other cell types and form “adipose tissue”out other cell types and form “adipose tissue”Found: between muscles, around kidneys, Found: between muscles, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, surface of the heart, and behind eyeballs, surface of the heart, and around joints.around joints.
Connective Tissue: LooseConnective Tissue: Loose
binds the skin to the muscle tissue below binds the skin to the muscle tissue below
MUSCULE TISSUEMUSCULE TISSUE
“Dense” Connective tissues“Dense” Connective tissuesIrregularIrregular
Thick fibers running in many planesThick fibers running in many planesdermis, fibrous capsules around organsdermis, fibrous capsules around organs
RegularRegularAligned parallel fibersAligned parallel fibersResists tensionResists tensiontendon, ligaments, tendon, ligaments, aponeurosesaponeurosesSometimes with elastic fibersSometimes with elastic fibers
Connective Tissue: BoneConnective Tissue: Bone
Most rigid connective tissueMost rigid connective tissueInternally supports body structuresInternally supports body structuresVery active tissueVery active tissueHeals much more rapidly than injured cartilage Heals much more rapidly than injured cartilage because of close access to a blood supplybecause of close access to a blood supply
Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue
CARTILAGECARTILAGE
Dense Connective Tissue: Dense Connective Tissue: tendons and ligamentstendons and ligaments
Very strong and can withstand pulling forces.Very strong and can withstand pulling forces.Binds body parts togetherBinds body parts togetherHas poor blood supply and is very slow to Has poor blood supply and is very slow to heal.heal.
Dense Connective Tissue: Dense Connective Tissue: tendons and ligamentstendons and ligaments
Cartilage: rigid, provides support, framework, Cartilage: rigid, provides support, framework, attachments, provides a structural model for attachments, provides a structural model for many developing bones.many developing bones.Contains a large volume of waterContains a large volume of waterThis is why sprains, damage to tissue around This is why sprains, damage to tissue around joints, takes considerable time to heal.joints, takes considerable time to heal.
3 types of cartilage3 types of cartilage
1. Hyaline: most common, tips of bones at 1. Hyaline: most common, tips of bones at joints, soft part of the nose, supporting rings of joints, soft part of the nose, supporting rings of the trachea. Prominent in early development.the trachea. Prominent in early development.
2. Elastic: more flexible, ears and larynx2. Elastic: more flexible, ears and larynx
3. 3. FibrocartilageFibrocartilage: very tough, shock absorber, : very tough, shock absorber, intervertebral intervertebral discs, knees and pelvis.discs, knees and pelvis.
Connective Tissue: ElasticConnective Tissue: Elastic
found in the attachments between bones of the found in the attachments between bones of the spinal column.spinal column.
Very rareVery rare in the body but are found in large in the body but are found in large arteries such as the aorta.arteries such as the aorta.
NERVOUS TISSUENERVOUS TISSUE