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Chapter 5.3
Egypt’s Empires
Golden Age
• A new dynasty of pharaohs came to power• Moved the capital to Thebes• Started a period of peace and order called• The Middle Kingdom• Lasted from 2055 B.C. to 1650 B.C.
Conquests
• Controlled Nubia
• Expanded to present-day Syria
The Arts Flourish
• Arts and Architecture thrived during the Middle Kingdom
• Painters decorated the walls of tombs and temples
Sculptors
• Carved hunting, fishing, and battle scenes on large stone walls
Statues of Pharaohs
• Statues of the Pharaohs, showing them as humans rather than gods
Architecture
• Pharaohs no longer had pyramids built• Tombs were cut into limestone cliffs
The Hyksos
• Hyksos invaded Egypt• Had horse drawn chariots• Fought with sturdy weapons made of
bronze and iron
Ahmose
• Ahmose formed an army and drove the Hyksos out of Egypt in 1550 B.C.
Building an Empire
• Ahmose founded a new dynasty.• Started the New Kingdom• Lasted from 1550 B.C. to 1070 B.C.• No longer isolated• Benefited from spread of goods, ideas,
and cultures
A Woman Pharaoh• Hatshepsut became pharaoh after husband’s death• Dressed in male pharaoh’s clothes• Wore a false beard• Built temples • Restored monuments• Tomb in Valley of the Kings
Growth of Trade
• Hatshepsut was more interested in promoting trade that starting wars
Items Traded
• Egyptian traders exchanged beads, metal tools, and weapons for gold, ivory, ebony wood, and incense
Expanding the Empire
• When Hatshepsut died, Thutmose III became pharaoh– Thutmose was a strong leader
and general– Expanded Egypt north to the
Euphrates River– Conquered Nubia– Empire was wealthy– Captured and enslaved many
prisoners of war
Two Unusual Pharaohs
• Amenhotep IV tried to make dramatic changes
• Tutankhamen, was very young
A Religious Founder
• Amenhotep IV and wife, Nefertiti tried to change Egypt’s religion– Feared priests were becoming too powerful– Felt threatened by their power– Started a new religion
• Worship one god, Aton, the sun god• Religion was rejected by most• Weakened Egypt• Lost most of land to invaders
Who was “King Tut”?
• King Tutankhamen – Became pharaoh at 10 years old– Restored polytheistic religion of many deities– Died unexpectedly History Teachers King Tuthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
cAQyFO_fPmM
King Tut’s Tomb
• Tomb discovered in 1922• By Howard Carter• Contained the pharaoh’s mummy and
many treasures including a gold mask
Recovery and Decline
• Ramses II– Most successful of pharaohs– Also called Ramses the
Great– Conquered Canaan– Fought the Hittites– Ramses and the Hittite King
signed a peace treaty
Age of Temples
• Ramses reigned 66 years• devoted himself to peaceful activities• Built the temple of Karnak
Why Did Egypt Decline?
• Pharaohs fought costly wars• Armies from eastern Mediterranean
attacked Egypt• Libyans conquered Egypt• People of Kush seized power• In 670 B.C. taken over by the Assyrians• From Mesopotamia