CHAPTER 6 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN - Welcome to...

Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority

Mumbai Trans Harbour Link (MTHL) Rapid EIA Report

Document:2011090/EC/REP-01 Page 123 of 132

Chapter 6

CHAPTER 6

DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1. Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan

Mumbai Trans Harbour Link would be 6-lane, 22 km long link involving about 16 km bridge with a design speed of 100 kmph. Provision and plan for risks has been made at various stages. The risk may be due to accident, falling of vehicle in to the sea, fire, sabotage, earthquake, collision of ship with the bridge or spillage of oil and chemicals on the bridge and sea. This would, depending upon the type and intensity, involve disasters in terms of loss of life and damage to the bridge apart from disruption of traffic. Therefore to avoid and minimize this, disaster and emergency management plays a very important role.

6.2 Objective of Disaster Management Plan

The purpose of the DMP (Disaster Management Plan) is to identify the roles, responsibilities, and tasks/functions to be performed in all disaster recovery operations. Thus objective is

• To increase awareness among of officials of the project on the issues involved in disaster recovery,

• To provide explanations of roles and responsibilities and • To provide guidelines for disaster recovery operations. • To localize the emergency and, if possible eliminate it; and • To minimize the effects of the accidents on people and property. Elimination will require prompt action by operators and works emergency staff using, for example, fire-fighting equipment, emergency due to collision and submergence etc.

Minimizing the effects may include rescue, first aid, evacuation, rehabilitation and giving information promptly to people living nearby.

6.3 Risks and Disasters

The project of MTHL consists of bridge and new road in marine and terrestrial settings respectively. Large no. of vehicles will ply across the bridge. In this scenario of vehicular movement, few risks and disasters are involved. This disaster could be natural as well as related to other sources.




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6.4 Risk Analysis

Risk may be defined as the potential realization of unwanted consequences of an event (i.e. the product of the probability of an event and the consequences of the event). Both the probability of occurrence of an event and the magnitude of its consequences are thus involved. Acceptance criteria can be established either in the form of a predefined set of “Risk Acceptance Criteria” or in the form of “Optimum cost criteria”.

The Risk acceptance criteria are normally imposed by the authorities to reflect the willingness of people and society to accept risks. Optimum cost criteria are Acceptance Criteria based on cost effectiveness analysis comparing the cost of the bridge strengthening and protection measures against the benefits of risk reduction.

The analysis should take into account consequence of collision, such as

• Damage to bridge

• Damage to the users of the bridge

• Damage to vessel and cargo

• Inconvenience cost of society and business

• Social losses

• Damages to the environment

• Loss of revenue due to possible on-operation of the port

The risk acceptance criteria are intended to cover the aggregate probability of accident due to several types of causes such as fire and explosion, train accidents, etc. in addition of vessel collision.

For this project it is recommended that specific evaluation should be carried out for:

• Importance of the bridge connection to the public and society, to business and industry, to the national defense etc.

• fatality risk in the case of high traffic volume

• cost effectiveness of improving the safety for the bridge.




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i) Fatality Acceptance Criteria

The risk categories are

• Individual fatality risk

• Societal risk (i.e. number of fatalities in an accident and the number of events per year)

To achieve low fatality risk

• Ensure a low probability of bride disruption

• Introduce bridge use warning systems on the bridge

• Build deflective type cofferdam systems in forms which would not disrupt the navigational channels.

ii) Optimum and acceptance criteria

a) Damage to the bridge – direction consequences to the bridge owner are:

• Cost of the salvaging the wrecked part of the bridge

• Cost of repair/replacement of the bridge

• Loss of revenue during repair/replacement of the bridge

• Additional costs of repair/replacement due to more strict requirements of the Authorities after the accident

b) Damage to the users of the bridge

• Injuries and loss of lives – cost values for fatalities

• Damage to vehicles and goods

c) Damage to vessel and cargo

Direct consequences to the vessel owner are:

• Loss of lives

• Cost of salvaging the vessel

• Cost of repair/replacement of the vessel

• Loss of income during the period or repair

• Damage to goods carried on the vessel

• Claims for compensation form bridge owner and users.




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• Increased insurance costs

d) Inconvenience costs to Society and Business

• Road and rail inconvenience costs, strategic importance of the bridge, Alternative routes available.

• Port interruption cost – blocking of navigation channel

• Business and social loss

e) Damage to environment

• Cost of repair/replacement of the bridge

• Cost of physical restoration

• Ecological problems – immediate/long term.

6.5 Anticipated Emergencies or Disasters

The disasters can be classifieds manmade or artificial and natural. Both type of disasters causes’ loss of life as well as properties. The anticipated disasters are:

• Accidents Or Medical Emergencies

• Fire

• Sabotage

• Collision of Ship/barge with bridge

• Explosion

• Bomb Threat

• Chemical Spill

• Local/Civil Disturbance

• Utility Failure

• Violent Crime Or Behaviour

• Health Emergency (Epidemic)

• Weather – Monsoon




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6.6 Components of DMP

The efficient and effective Disaster Management System should have following components

• Emergency Response Team

• Public Affairs

• Telephone Services

• Dining Services

• Financial Services

• Planning Section

6.7 Various Scenarios of Risks and Disaster in the Project

Evacuation of passengers

Risk is involved by way of collision and falling of vehicle into the creek. Communication system plays an important role which will be available on the bridge. The Coast Guard will also be intimated about the incident immediately. Early response such as rescue and relief by the rescue team by means of life saving boat will be planned. These rescued passengers will be brought on the coast and given first aid by paramedics and taken to nearby hospital.

Head-on collision/ vehicle accidents on the bridge

The major risk involved in this type of Disaster is fatal or high degree of injury. Early response will be in terms of well equipped ambulance with paramedical team reaching on the site. This will help in rescue of passengers from the accident site and will be taken to the nearest hospital. If need arises the patient can be taken to one of the major and super-specialty hospital in the area.

Spillage and leakages of oil on the bridge

This Disaster can occur during a leak or spillages of oil or fuel carrying tankers met with an accident on the bridge. The various risks involved in this includes spillages of oil and fuel into the sea thereby causing marine pollution, danger of skidding of other vehicles due to spillages. Risk of catching fire depends upon the flash point of the material. The early response in this case will be stoppage of vehicular movement immediately by using communication system on the bridge and towing the damaged vehicle in order to make traffic easier. Mopping operations through specialized agencies will be taken to collect oil spilled on the road as well as floating on the marine surface.




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DMP FOR ACCIDENT RISK SCENARIO

MTHL In Charge MMRDA

Safety In Charge

Safety and Evacuation of

Passenger

Hospitalisation

Collector

Mantralaya Control Room

MPCB

BMC/NMMC Local Ward

Local Representative

Local Police Station

Local Ambulance

Help

Coast Guard




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DMP FOR MEDICAL SAFETY SCENARIO

FOR FUEL / OIL LEAKAGE SPILLAGE ON BRIDGE & IN SEA

MTHL In Charge

Safety In Charge

Medical Officer

Paramedical Team/ Rescue Team

Ambulance Assistance

Hospitalisation Temporary Shelter

Relief and Transport Action

MTHL In Charge

Safety Officer

Oil containment Measures

MPCB

Oil / Water Skimmer

Pollution Monitoring

Oil Containment Boom

Rainbow/ Oil Containment

Skimmer

Mobile Surface Cleaning System

Cassette Skimmer




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COLLISION/ ACCIDENT ON THE BRIDGE

POLLUTION RISK/ HAZARD DUE TO VEHICLES FALLING INTO SEA

6.8 Emergency Services needed to meet the disaster

MTHL In Charge

Safety In Charge

Collector Mantralaya Control Room

Local Police Station

Fire Station

SOS Hospital

Rescue Operation

Temporary Relief Shelter

Ambulance

Safety In Charge

Local BMC Ward Office

Pollution Control Board

Pollution Prevention Measures

Monitoring of Site With

MTHL

Oil Containment Operations

MTHL IN Charge




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Emergency Services needed to meet the disaster

1. Fire fighting – Fire services available in the CIDCO/NMMC and MCGM area

2. Search and rescue – Fire services / Ambulance in CIDCO/NMMC and MCGM area

3. Medical emergency care – Trauma Care / First Aid Centre with additional services from identified hospitals of Mumbai and Navi Mumbai.

4. Facilities Services (public works) – damage prevention, debris, shoring up buildings, custodial, maintenance, and support to other agencies.

5. Scene security and traffic control – Traffic Control Centre

6. Hazardous materials operations – Fire Services

7. Communications Unit – information systems for tactical, regional and national information. Telecommunications, Main Control Centre, Human Resources, etc.

8. Food/Water unit – for emergency workers and patients.

9. Staffing – responsible for operations during the emergency; responsible for normal project operations. Pandemic – should plan that half of the staff will be unavailable.

10. Supply unit – equipment, personnel, supplies, medical supplies,

11. Shelter – Administration Building.

12. Transportation – Project vehicles

In addition to above following equipments are proposed to be stationed at Bridge Control Station on the bridge for disaster management during Fire Fighting

• Foam cum water tender

• Portable fire fighting pumps

• Fire jeeps / vehicles

• Foam fire extinguishers

• Dry chemical powder extinguishers

• CO2 extinguishers

• Fire protections suits

• Full face and half face mask respirators




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• Light water foam AFFF

• Spark proof torch

• Fire alarm system

• Gas measuring meter

• Fire tugs (in the water)

In addition to the above disaster mitigation measures, monitoring and surveillance system proposed for MTHL will greatly help to mitigate the disasters.

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