• Chapter 6 Raster Editing

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Lessons

Digital Media, 3e 2

• Lesson 6.1: Becoming Familiar with the RasterEditing Workspace

• Lesson 6.2: Using Tools to Make Selections• Lesson 6.3: Digital Photos: Fixing Common

Problems and Enhancing Images• Lesson 6.4: Introduction to Layers and Layer

Masks

3

Learning Outcomes

• 6.1: Be familiar with a basic raster editing workspace and commontools

• 6.2: Select portions of an image for editing by using selection tools

• 6.3: Recognize common settings for certain selection tools• 6.4: Make and refine selections by using Quick Mask mode• 6.5: Adjust levels, brightness, and contrast in photos using curves• 6.6: Use a cropping tool to adjust photo composition• 6.7: Edit a photo by using retouch tools• 6.8: Understand the usefulness of layers and layer masks in

nondestructive editing• 6.9: Use layers and layer masks to edit digital images• 6.10: Manage file size in files with multiple layers

Digital Media, 3e

4

Navigation Tools

• A zoom tool is a navigation tool that magnifies or reduces the view of an image

• A hand tool is a navigation tool that moves an image around in a viewing area

Digital Media, 3e

5

Foreground and Background Color

• The foreground color is what appears when you paint, draw, or fill in part of an image

• The background color appears when you select and delete an area of an image on the background layer; the color “behind” a raster image

Digital Media, 3e

6

Using Tools to Make Selections

• A selection tool is a type of tool used to select a portion of a raster image before modifying it

• When you use a selection tool, the area you select is outlined with a moving dashed line, sometimes called “marching ants”

• Once an area is selected, you can use other tools and features to make changes to only that portion of the image

Digital Media, 3e

7

Photoshop Selection Tools

Digital Media, 3e

8

Photoshop Selection Tools(continued)

• To make a selection of a clearly defined shape with one of the marquee tools, click the tool and then click and drag around the item you wish to select

• To make a selection of an irregularly-shaped item, you can:– Use the Lasso tool to draw freehand around the item– Make the selection using the Magic Wand, Magnetic Lasso, or

Quick Selection tools• You can cancel a selection in Photoshop by selecting

Deselect from the Select menu or by using keyboard shortcuts: Ctrl+D (PC) or Cmd+D (Mac)

Digital Media, 3e

9

Selection Settings

• Anti-Aliasing and Feathering– Anti-aliasing is a raster- editing

feature that softens the hard edges of a selection by adjusting the color of the pixels along the outside edge

– Feathering is a raster-editing feature that softens the hard edges of a selection by adding a border along the outer edge that gradually fades into the background, creating a soft blur

Digital Media, 3e

Susan Lake

10

Selection Settings(continued)

• Additional Magic Wand Tool Settings– Tolerance is a setting that determines the range of

pixels affected by a raster editing tool’s action; in Photoshop, this is a setting for the Magic Wand tool

– Contiguous refers to pixels that “touch”; if the contiguous setting is selected, only pixels that are touching will be included in the selection when you click an image with the Magic Wand

Digital Media, 3e

11

Quick Mask Mode

• Quick masks, a temporary mask, enable you to make and refine selections using the Paint Brush tool

• When you make a selection, you are essentially protecting the unselected area of the image from any changes you make to the selected area inside the marching ants

• If you make a selection using one of the selection tools and then click the Quick Mask mode icon on the toolbar, a ruby-colored overlay appears over the entire image except the selected area

• Quick Mask mode is useful for refining a selection of an irregular shape in an image, especially if you use the Zoom In tool to magnify the area before you use the Paint Brush tool to adjust the quick mask

Digital Media, 3e

12

Adjusting Brightness and Contrast

• Highlights represent the lightest part of an image

• Shadows represent the darkest part of an image

• Midtones represent the middle range or an image

• Adjusting the levels of any of these three areas can dramatically improve a picture

Digital Media, 3e

13

Cropping

• You can use the cropping tool in raster editing software to achieve good composition

Digital Media, 3e

Phot

o Co

urte

sy o

f Meg

an S

mith

-Cre

ed

14

Using Retouch Tools

• Raster editing software features retouch tools that enable you to alter the content of an image

Digital Media, 3e

15

Retouch Ethics

• Is it ethical to drastically change a person’s or product’s appearance for marketing purposes?

• What about using photo editing tools to enhance your profile picture on a social networking site?

Digital Media, 3e

16

Understanding Layers

• Layers are a raster-editing feature that enable you to layer editable images individually, make changes, add effects, and make nondestructive edits; add layers to:– Combine and overlap multiple images– Draw vector shapes on a raster image– Add text to an image– Change the order of overlapping items– Adjust the position of different elements– Apply special effects and filters

• A non-destructive edit is a change made to an image that does not actually alter the original image’s pixels

Digital Media, 3e

17

Background and Normal Layers

• A background layer is a special kind of layer in raster programs like Photoshop that is always at the bottom of the layer stack and cannot be renamed, moved, or deleted or contain any transparency

• A background layer has certain restrictions:– It is always the bottom layer no matter how many other

layers you add– It cannot be renamed– It cannot be transparent– It cannot be moved or deleted

Digital Media, 3e

18

Basic Layer Actions

Digital Media, 3e

19

Layer Styles and Adjustment Layers

• Name layers using logical and understandable names

• You can add color and other details to layers• You can add special effects to a layer• To change an adjustment, click the adjustment

layer in the Layers Palette and make changes in the Adjustments Panel

Digital Media, 3e

20

Understanding Layer Masks

• Layer transparency can vary from completely see-through (0%) to completely solid (100%)

• Layer transparency is applied to everything on the layer equally

• A layer mask is a raster-editing feature that enables you to control what is visible on a layer

• You can use a mask in combination with an adjustment layer to apply an effect to only a specific area of a layer

Digital Media, 3e

21

Layers and Layer Masks in Action

• Original image set as the background layer

Digital Media, 3e

Phot

o Co

urte

sy o

f Meg

an S

mith

-Cre

ed

22

Layers and Layer Masks in Action(continued)

• Zoom in on the head of the statue; select the head of the statue and add a Levels adjustment layer; use the Levels settings to lighten just the selected face

Digital Media, 3e

23

Layers and Layer Masks in Action(continued)

• When you draw a text box, a text layer is automatically added to the image

• Add a layer style and adjusted the style settings

Digital Media, 3e

24

Layers and Layer Masks in Action(continued)

• Add a new layer and used the Clone Stamp tool to obscure the portion of the building behind the fountain that was showing in the bottom left corner of the image

Digital Media, 3e

25

Layers, File Size, and File Format

• If you save a layered image in a file format that is native to the image editing software, the layers will remain available to you even after you have closed the file

• If you save your image as a .JPG or other non-native file format, the layers will be merged into a single image and you will no longer be able to edit them individually

• Layers contribute to large file sizes, so the benefit of merging multiple layers into a single layer is a smaller file

• To flatten is to merge multiple layers into a single layer; flattening can reduce file size, but should only be done after all editing is complete and is best done on a copy of the original file

Digital Media, 3e

26

Key Concepts

• Many raster editing programs have similar workspaces and basic tools

• For certain tasks in raster editing, you must first select a specific area to edit by using a selection tool or a feature like Photoshop’s Quick Mask mode

• Some selection tools include settings such as anti-aliasing, feathering, tolerance, and contiguous options that enable you to enhance the effect or precision of a selection

• Quick Mask mode helps you refine a selection• You can adjust levels, brightness, and contrast in photos

using curvesDigital Media, 3e

27

Key Concepts(continued)

• A cropping tool in a raster editing program can help improve photo composition

• Retouch tools make it possible to alter large and small imperfections in an image

• One of the most important uses of layers and layer masks is non-destructive editing. Since layers add to file size, you can choose to merge several layers into one by saving in a non-native format or by using a flatten image feature in a raster editing program

Digital Media, 3e