Chapter 6, Section 3

To identify some of the significant changes brought about during the early years of Jefferson’s presidency

To provide examples of the Federalists’ declining power

To summarize the importance of the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark expedition

Thomas Jefferson Virginia Dem.-Rep. 73 52.9%Aaron Burr New York Dem.-Rep. 73 52.9%

John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 65 47.1%

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Jefferson defeats Adams, 73 to 65 electoral votes

Aaron Burr delivers New York, Federalist stronghold, to Jefferson

South and West are Jeffersonian, growing in power and population

Jefferson and Burr tie. Federalists attempt to give Pres. to Burr, delaying action in the House of Reps for months, taking 35 ballots in all.

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE:Power had successfully

changed hands in the new republic.

Virtues practiced are Frugality, Simplicity, Equality – avoid monarchical appearances

Political Moderation and Restraint -employed to ease Federalist fears

Reduced the size of govt. and pursued “free trade”

Increases Southern influence on govt., esp. Virginia’s

Did not employ excessive patronage, many Federalist appointees retain positions

Judiciary Act of 1801 = Adams tries to pack the court with Federalist judges

Midnight judges= the Federalist appointees, including John Marshall as Chief Justice

KEY FACT: Appointments were signed but not delivered.

DEBATE: Are the appointments of Adams now binding on Jefferson?

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Establishes the principal ofJUDICIAL REVIEW = the ability of the Court to declare an act of Congress or the President unconstitutional.

“ The critical importance of Marbury is the assumption of several powers by the Supreme Court. One was the authority to declare acts of Congress, and by implication acts of the president, unconstitutional if they exceeded the powers granted by the Constitution. But even more important, the Court became the arbiter of the Constitution, the final authority on what the document meant. As such, the Supreme Court became in fact as well as in theory an equal partner in government, and it has played that role ever since.”

http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/facts/democrac/9.htm

Was the incident of the “midnight justices”and Marbury vs. Madison

a Failure or Success? WHY?

For Jefferson? WHY?

For the Federalists?WHY?

For the Supreme Court? WHY?

Hamilton attacks Adams, splitting Federalist Party

Adams/Federalists lose election of 1804

Hamilton seeks to prevent Burr from becoming Gov. of New York in 1804

7/11/1804 Hamilton fights Aaron Burr in a duel, and is killed.

Burr kills Federalist leadership, and his own career

Federalists fade

1800-1810: Population in the Ohio Valley grows. Daniel Boone clears the Wilderness Road.

1800: Spain cedes trans-Mississippi/LA to France

1802: US loses right to deposit in New Orleans1803: Jefferson sends envoys to Napoleon4/30/1803: Frances sells LA for $15 million

Why did Napoleon sell?

What was the constitutional issue at hand for Jefferson?

Who got more than they bargained for?

From Marshall Sprague, So Vast and Beautiful a Land: Louisiana and the Purchase. Boston, Little, Brown and Co., 1974. P. 312.(Courtesy Special Collections Division, University of Washington Libraries.)

Vast tracts open for farming for growing population

Western expansion favors Jefferson & Republicans, gains loyalty of Western US

Federalists decline further, esp. after Burr’s plot of secession fails

Establishes practice of “acquisition by purchase”

Establishes power of the President to make treaties

Seeking a Northwest Passage and boundaries of new LA territory

1804-1806: 2 and ½ year journey, 50 men in Corps of Discovery

Navigated the Missouri, crossed the Rockies, went down the Columbia River to the Pacific and back

Received help from many Native Americans during their journey, esp. Sacajawea, a Shoshone woman who served as interpreter and guide

First Americans to cross the North American continent.

Opened the West to settlement