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Rain Forest

Desert

Mild zone

Savanah

AFRICA HAS FOUR ZONESAFRICA HAS FOUR ZONES

OF CLIMATEOF CLIMATE

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CH. 7 AfricaCH. 7 Africa

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2 Early Civilizations:

1.Kush2.Axum

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(pages 225226)

Emerging Civilization andthe Rise of Islam

About seven or eight thousand years ago, themastery offarming gave rise to the firstfarming gave rise to the firstcivilizations in Africa: Egypt, Kush, andcivilizations in Africa: Egypt, Kush, and

AxumAxum. A busy trade in ivory, ebony,A busy trade in ivory, ebony,

frankincense, and leopard skinsfrankincense, and leopard skins

between Egypt andbetween Egypt and KushKush to its southdeveloped by 2000 B.C.

.

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Early African Civilizations

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Emerging Civilization andthe Rise of Islam (cont.)

The Kushites returned to theiroriginal lands.

In 750 B.C.,thethe KushitesKushites conqueredconqueredEgypt, but the AssyriansEgypt, but the Assyrians, whose ironweapons overmatched the bronze and

stone of the Kushites, drove them out ofdrove them out ofEgypt.Egypt.

(pages 225226)

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It provided iron, ivory, gold,iron, ivory, gold,ebony, and slaves to the Romanebony, and slaves to the Roman

EmpireEmpire, Arabia, and India in returnfor such luxury goods as jewelry andsilver lamps.

Kush was a major trading empire forKush was a major trading empire forseveral hundred years.several hundred years.

Emerging Civilization andthe Rise of Islam (cont.)

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Then a new power, Axum, causedKushs decline.

Axum was founded by a colony ofArabs in what is now Ethiopia. Inthe fourth century A.D., King Ezana

of Axum conquered Kush.

Emerging Civilization andthe Rise of Islam (cont.)

(pages 225226)

Axum prospered because it was located on theRed Sea and the trading route between India

and the Mediterranean.

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Trade has always been a bigTrade has always been a big

part of the culture of Africapart of the culture of Africa

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About A.D. 330, King Ezana converted toKing Ezana converted to

ChristianityChristianity, and he made it the officialreligion of Axum. Shipwrecked Syrians had introduced

Christianity to Axum. Within a few centuries, Islam brought

important challenges to the kingdom ofAxum.

Axumite civilizations most distinctive feature was itsreligion.

Emerging Civilization andthe Rise of Islam (cont.)

(pages 225226)

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Next great tradingNext great trading

civilizations thatcivilizations that

emerged were:emerged were:

1.1.GhanaGhana

2.2.MaliMali

3.3.SonghaiSonghai

f G S

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(pages 228230)

As early as A.D. 500,

Ghanathe first of the greatGhanathe first of the greatWest African trading statesWest African trading statesemerged in the Niger Rivervalley grasslands betweenthe Sahara and the tropicalforest along the coast.

The kingdom of Ghana,The kingdom of Ghana,

weakened by wars,weakened by wars,collapsed during thecollapsed during the1100s. The greatest1100s. The greatest

trading state that arosetrading state that arosein its place was Mali,in its place was Mali,

which Sundiata Keitawhich Sundiata Keitaestablished in the mid-established in the mid-thirteenth century.thirteenth century.

The Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, Songhai

A l i M d Ch t

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The great trade empires of West Africa grew out of

the various vegetation zones and the products theyproduced. For example, yams were better suited toone area,grazing animals

to another. Howwould thesedifferencesaccount for

growth in trade?

Analyzing Maps and Charts

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People traded for things they

desired but could not produce.

Analyzing Maps and Charts

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Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the answers.

The author is unknown.

Wisdom, or learning,cannot be purchased withmoney. It requires study.

Some things or peoplenever change.

Crocodiles werenative animals ofWest Africa.

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Summary of Africa Land of Great DiversitySummary of Africa Land of Great Diversity