8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 112
Revision 1 April 2011 11
Revision 1 April 2011 2
Engineering Ceramics
Definition
Ceramics are inorganic non-metallicmaterials processed or consolidated at hightemperatures
2
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 212
Revision 1 April 20113
Microstructural Features Of A
Crystalline Ceramic
Grains (crystals) of the ceramic
Grain boundaries where 2
crystals meet
Pores left by processing
(1 to 1000 micro micromicro micro m)
Microcracks caused
by thermal or
mechanical stress
Particles or grains of asecond phase (in alloys)
Revision 1 April 2011 4
General Properties Of Ceramics
bull High hardness
- This is largely due to the operation of the strong covalent
bonds between atoms in their crystal structures
bull Low ductility
bull Low tensile strength
- Due to the presence of micro-cracks
bull High compressive strength
bull High brittleness
bull High abrasion resistance
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 312
Revision 1 April 2011 5
General Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquo
bull Extremely stiff and rigid
bull High melting or degradation temperature
bull Low coefficient of expansion
bull Low electrical conductivity
bull High resistance to oxidationbull High chemical (corrosion) resistance
Revision 1 April 2011 6
General Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquod
bull Low densityhigh specific compressivestrength even at elevated temperature
(600oC ndash 1600oC) with little creep
For other temperatures the following materialsare more cost-effective
22oC ndash 300oC (Polymers)
22oC ndash 600oC (Metals alloys)
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 412
Revision 1 April 2011 7
Comparison Of The Hardness Of
Ceramics To Other Materials
Revision 1 April 2011 8
Comparison Of Metals With Ceramic Materials
Metals Ceramics
Crystal structure Crystal structure
Metallic bond Ioniccovalent bond
Good electrical
conductivity
Poor conductivity
Opaque Transparent (in thin
sections)
Uniform atoms Different-sized atoms
High tensile strength Poor tensile strength
Low shear strength High shear strength
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 512
Revision 1 April 2011 9
Comparison Of Metals With CeramicMaterials ndash contrsquod
Metals Ceramics
Good ductility Poor ductility (brittle)
Plastic flow None
Impact strength Poor impact strength
Non porous Initial high porosity
Relatively high weight Lower weight
Moderate hardness Extreme hardness
High density Initial low density
Revision 1 April 2011 10
Applications Of
Common Ceramics
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 612
Revision 1 April 2011 11
Cross section of
assembledautomotive spark
plug showing
position ofceramic insulator
(in red)
Revision 1 April 2011 12
Typical Machine Applications Of Ceramics
Cemented Carbide
Knives
Alumina Wear Tiles
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 712
Revision 1 April 2011 13
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Boron Carbide
Abrasive BlastingNozzle
Chromia Wire Guide
Revision 1 April 2011 14
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Cemented Carbide Die Alumina WebGuide
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 812
Revision 1 April 2011 15
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Alumina Shaft Sleeve Cemented CarbideTool Insert
Revision 1 April 2011 16
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Chromium Oxide Slurry Pump Liner
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 912
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1012
Revision 1 April 2011 19
Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquod
bull Cermets have good ductility and toughnessat high temperatures but lack strength and
creep resistance Metal content is high (65 to75)
Revision 1 April 2011 20
Applications Of Cermets
Particle
Material
Bond Structural
Type
Characteristicamp Use
Flake sliver orcopper
Graphite Laminated Current brushes 991251low friction
Alumina (70) Chromium (30) Bonded particles Very suitable for
high temperatureservice Goodresistance toimpact
Magnesia Nickel Flame sprayedheat resistant
coating
Applicable tostainless steel
alloy steel andinconel to raisethe workingtemperature byabout 80oC
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1112
Revision 1 April 2011 21
Applications Of Cermets ndash contrsquod
Particle Material Bond Structural Type Characteristic amp
Use
Alumina
(40 - 70)
Iron (30 991251 60) Bonded particles Turbine blades
Molybdenum boride Nickel Bonded particles Cutting tool for
machining titanium
Titanium carbide Various alloyscontaining Mo Aland Cr
Bonded particles In aircraft engineswhere refractorinessthermal shock-
resistance andresistance to
oxidation isnecessary
Tungsten or titanium
carbide
Cobalt Bonded particles Cutting tools for
materials including
masonry glass andmetal forming dies
Revision 1 April 2011 22
Properties And Applications OfIndustrial Diamonds
Properties
Diamond is the hardest ceramic material (Knoop = 7000)
Modulus of elasticity is also the highest of theceramic materials (E = 1000 GNm2) and it isabout 5 times that of most steels
Tensile strength of diamond is about 69
GNm2
The melting temperature is 4350oC and is thehighest of all the materials
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1212
Revision 1 April 2011 23
Properties And Applications Of IndustrialDiamonds ndash contrsquod
bull Applications
- Cutting
- Grinding
- Polishing
- Lapping
Diamond cutters
Diamond grinding wheel
Diamond polishing
Lapping process
Revision 1 April 2011 24 24
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 212
Revision 1 April 20113
Microstructural Features Of A
Crystalline Ceramic
Grains (crystals) of the ceramic
Grain boundaries where 2
crystals meet
Pores left by processing
(1 to 1000 micro micromicro micro m)
Microcracks caused
by thermal or
mechanical stress
Particles or grains of asecond phase (in alloys)
Revision 1 April 2011 4
General Properties Of Ceramics
bull High hardness
- This is largely due to the operation of the strong covalent
bonds between atoms in their crystal structures
bull Low ductility
bull Low tensile strength
- Due to the presence of micro-cracks
bull High compressive strength
bull High brittleness
bull High abrasion resistance
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 312
Revision 1 April 2011 5
General Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquo
bull Extremely stiff and rigid
bull High melting or degradation temperature
bull Low coefficient of expansion
bull Low electrical conductivity
bull High resistance to oxidationbull High chemical (corrosion) resistance
Revision 1 April 2011 6
General Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquod
bull Low densityhigh specific compressivestrength even at elevated temperature
(600oC ndash 1600oC) with little creep
For other temperatures the following materialsare more cost-effective
22oC ndash 300oC (Polymers)
22oC ndash 600oC (Metals alloys)
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 412
Revision 1 April 2011 7
Comparison Of The Hardness Of
Ceramics To Other Materials
Revision 1 April 2011 8
Comparison Of Metals With Ceramic Materials
Metals Ceramics
Crystal structure Crystal structure
Metallic bond Ioniccovalent bond
Good electrical
conductivity
Poor conductivity
Opaque Transparent (in thin
sections)
Uniform atoms Different-sized atoms
High tensile strength Poor tensile strength
Low shear strength High shear strength
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 512
Revision 1 April 2011 9
Comparison Of Metals With CeramicMaterials ndash contrsquod
Metals Ceramics
Good ductility Poor ductility (brittle)
Plastic flow None
Impact strength Poor impact strength
Non porous Initial high porosity
Relatively high weight Lower weight
Moderate hardness Extreme hardness
High density Initial low density
Revision 1 April 2011 10
Applications Of
Common Ceramics
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 612
Revision 1 April 2011 11
Cross section of
assembledautomotive spark
plug showing
position ofceramic insulator
(in red)
Revision 1 April 2011 12
Typical Machine Applications Of Ceramics
Cemented Carbide
Knives
Alumina Wear Tiles
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 712
Revision 1 April 2011 13
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Boron Carbide
Abrasive BlastingNozzle
Chromia Wire Guide
Revision 1 April 2011 14
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Cemented Carbide Die Alumina WebGuide
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 812
Revision 1 April 2011 15
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Alumina Shaft Sleeve Cemented CarbideTool Insert
Revision 1 April 2011 16
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Chromium Oxide Slurry Pump Liner
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 912
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1012
Revision 1 April 2011 19
Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquod
bull Cermets have good ductility and toughnessat high temperatures but lack strength and
creep resistance Metal content is high (65 to75)
Revision 1 April 2011 20
Applications Of Cermets
Particle
Material
Bond Structural
Type
Characteristicamp Use
Flake sliver orcopper
Graphite Laminated Current brushes 991251low friction
Alumina (70) Chromium (30) Bonded particles Very suitable for
high temperatureservice Goodresistance toimpact
Magnesia Nickel Flame sprayedheat resistant
coating
Applicable tostainless steel
alloy steel andinconel to raisethe workingtemperature byabout 80oC
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1112
Revision 1 April 2011 21
Applications Of Cermets ndash contrsquod
Particle Material Bond Structural Type Characteristic amp
Use
Alumina
(40 - 70)
Iron (30 991251 60) Bonded particles Turbine blades
Molybdenum boride Nickel Bonded particles Cutting tool for
machining titanium
Titanium carbide Various alloyscontaining Mo Aland Cr
Bonded particles In aircraft engineswhere refractorinessthermal shock-
resistance andresistance to
oxidation isnecessary
Tungsten or titanium
carbide
Cobalt Bonded particles Cutting tools for
materials including
masonry glass andmetal forming dies
Revision 1 April 2011 22
Properties And Applications OfIndustrial Diamonds
Properties
Diamond is the hardest ceramic material (Knoop = 7000)
Modulus of elasticity is also the highest of theceramic materials (E = 1000 GNm2) and it isabout 5 times that of most steels
Tensile strength of diamond is about 69
GNm2
The melting temperature is 4350oC and is thehighest of all the materials
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1212
Revision 1 April 2011 23
Properties And Applications Of IndustrialDiamonds ndash contrsquod
bull Applications
- Cutting
- Grinding
- Polishing
- Lapping
Diamond cutters
Diamond grinding wheel
Diamond polishing
Lapping process
Revision 1 April 2011 24 24
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 312
Revision 1 April 2011 5
General Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquo
bull Extremely stiff and rigid
bull High melting or degradation temperature
bull Low coefficient of expansion
bull Low electrical conductivity
bull High resistance to oxidationbull High chemical (corrosion) resistance
Revision 1 April 2011 6
General Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquod
bull Low densityhigh specific compressivestrength even at elevated temperature
(600oC ndash 1600oC) with little creep
For other temperatures the following materialsare more cost-effective
22oC ndash 300oC (Polymers)
22oC ndash 600oC (Metals alloys)
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 412
Revision 1 April 2011 7
Comparison Of The Hardness Of
Ceramics To Other Materials
Revision 1 April 2011 8
Comparison Of Metals With Ceramic Materials
Metals Ceramics
Crystal structure Crystal structure
Metallic bond Ioniccovalent bond
Good electrical
conductivity
Poor conductivity
Opaque Transparent (in thin
sections)
Uniform atoms Different-sized atoms
High tensile strength Poor tensile strength
Low shear strength High shear strength
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 512
Revision 1 April 2011 9
Comparison Of Metals With CeramicMaterials ndash contrsquod
Metals Ceramics
Good ductility Poor ductility (brittle)
Plastic flow None
Impact strength Poor impact strength
Non porous Initial high porosity
Relatively high weight Lower weight
Moderate hardness Extreme hardness
High density Initial low density
Revision 1 April 2011 10
Applications Of
Common Ceramics
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 612
Revision 1 April 2011 11
Cross section of
assembledautomotive spark
plug showing
position ofceramic insulator
(in red)
Revision 1 April 2011 12
Typical Machine Applications Of Ceramics
Cemented Carbide
Knives
Alumina Wear Tiles
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 712
Revision 1 April 2011 13
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Boron Carbide
Abrasive BlastingNozzle
Chromia Wire Guide
Revision 1 April 2011 14
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Cemented Carbide Die Alumina WebGuide
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 812
Revision 1 April 2011 15
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Alumina Shaft Sleeve Cemented CarbideTool Insert
Revision 1 April 2011 16
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Chromium Oxide Slurry Pump Liner
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 912
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1012
Revision 1 April 2011 19
Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquod
bull Cermets have good ductility and toughnessat high temperatures but lack strength and
creep resistance Metal content is high (65 to75)
Revision 1 April 2011 20
Applications Of Cermets
Particle
Material
Bond Structural
Type
Characteristicamp Use
Flake sliver orcopper
Graphite Laminated Current brushes 991251low friction
Alumina (70) Chromium (30) Bonded particles Very suitable for
high temperatureservice Goodresistance toimpact
Magnesia Nickel Flame sprayedheat resistant
coating
Applicable tostainless steel
alloy steel andinconel to raisethe workingtemperature byabout 80oC
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1112
Revision 1 April 2011 21
Applications Of Cermets ndash contrsquod
Particle Material Bond Structural Type Characteristic amp
Use
Alumina
(40 - 70)
Iron (30 991251 60) Bonded particles Turbine blades
Molybdenum boride Nickel Bonded particles Cutting tool for
machining titanium
Titanium carbide Various alloyscontaining Mo Aland Cr
Bonded particles In aircraft engineswhere refractorinessthermal shock-
resistance andresistance to
oxidation isnecessary
Tungsten or titanium
carbide
Cobalt Bonded particles Cutting tools for
materials including
masonry glass andmetal forming dies
Revision 1 April 2011 22
Properties And Applications OfIndustrial Diamonds
Properties
Diamond is the hardest ceramic material (Knoop = 7000)
Modulus of elasticity is also the highest of theceramic materials (E = 1000 GNm2) and it isabout 5 times that of most steels
Tensile strength of diamond is about 69
GNm2
The melting temperature is 4350oC and is thehighest of all the materials
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1212
Revision 1 April 2011 23
Properties And Applications Of IndustrialDiamonds ndash contrsquod
bull Applications
- Cutting
- Grinding
- Polishing
- Lapping
Diamond cutters
Diamond grinding wheel
Diamond polishing
Lapping process
Revision 1 April 2011 24 24
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 412
Revision 1 April 2011 7
Comparison Of The Hardness Of
Ceramics To Other Materials
Revision 1 April 2011 8
Comparison Of Metals With Ceramic Materials
Metals Ceramics
Crystal structure Crystal structure
Metallic bond Ioniccovalent bond
Good electrical
conductivity
Poor conductivity
Opaque Transparent (in thin
sections)
Uniform atoms Different-sized atoms
High tensile strength Poor tensile strength
Low shear strength High shear strength
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 512
Revision 1 April 2011 9
Comparison Of Metals With CeramicMaterials ndash contrsquod
Metals Ceramics
Good ductility Poor ductility (brittle)
Plastic flow None
Impact strength Poor impact strength
Non porous Initial high porosity
Relatively high weight Lower weight
Moderate hardness Extreme hardness
High density Initial low density
Revision 1 April 2011 10
Applications Of
Common Ceramics
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 612
Revision 1 April 2011 11
Cross section of
assembledautomotive spark
plug showing
position ofceramic insulator
(in red)
Revision 1 April 2011 12
Typical Machine Applications Of Ceramics
Cemented Carbide
Knives
Alumina Wear Tiles
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 712
Revision 1 April 2011 13
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Boron Carbide
Abrasive BlastingNozzle
Chromia Wire Guide
Revision 1 April 2011 14
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Cemented Carbide Die Alumina WebGuide
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 812
Revision 1 April 2011 15
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Alumina Shaft Sleeve Cemented CarbideTool Insert
Revision 1 April 2011 16
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Chromium Oxide Slurry Pump Liner
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 912
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1012
Revision 1 April 2011 19
Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquod
bull Cermets have good ductility and toughnessat high temperatures but lack strength and
creep resistance Metal content is high (65 to75)
Revision 1 April 2011 20
Applications Of Cermets
Particle
Material
Bond Structural
Type
Characteristicamp Use
Flake sliver orcopper
Graphite Laminated Current brushes 991251low friction
Alumina (70) Chromium (30) Bonded particles Very suitable for
high temperatureservice Goodresistance toimpact
Magnesia Nickel Flame sprayedheat resistant
coating
Applicable tostainless steel
alloy steel andinconel to raisethe workingtemperature byabout 80oC
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1112
Revision 1 April 2011 21
Applications Of Cermets ndash contrsquod
Particle Material Bond Structural Type Characteristic amp
Use
Alumina
(40 - 70)
Iron (30 991251 60) Bonded particles Turbine blades
Molybdenum boride Nickel Bonded particles Cutting tool for
machining titanium
Titanium carbide Various alloyscontaining Mo Aland Cr
Bonded particles In aircraft engineswhere refractorinessthermal shock-
resistance andresistance to
oxidation isnecessary
Tungsten or titanium
carbide
Cobalt Bonded particles Cutting tools for
materials including
masonry glass andmetal forming dies
Revision 1 April 2011 22
Properties And Applications OfIndustrial Diamonds
Properties
Diamond is the hardest ceramic material (Knoop = 7000)
Modulus of elasticity is also the highest of theceramic materials (E = 1000 GNm2) and it isabout 5 times that of most steels
Tensile strength of diamond is about 69
GNm2
The melting temperature is 4350oC and is thehighest of all the materials
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1212
Revision 1 April 2011 23
Properties And Applications Of IndustrialDiamonds ndash contrsquod
bull Applications
- Cutting
- Grinding
- Polishing
- Lapping
Diamond cutters
Diamond grinding wheel
Diamond polishing
Lapping process
Revision 1 April 2011 24 24
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 512
Revision 1 April 2011 9
Comparison Of Metals With CeramicMaterials ndash contrsquod
Metals Ceramics
Good ductility Poor ductility (brittle)
Plastic flow None
Impact strength Poor impact strength
Non porous Initial high porosity
Relatively high weight Lower weight
Moderate hardness Extreme hardness
High density Initial low density
Revision 1 April 2011 10
Applications Of
Common Ceramics
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 612
Revision 1 April 2011 11
Cross section of
assembledautomotive spark
plug showing
position ofceramic insulator
(in red)
Revision 1 April 2011 12
Typical Machine Applications Of Ceramics
Cemented Carbide
Knives
Alumina Wear Tiles
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 712
Revision 1 April 2011 13
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Boron Carbide
Abrasive BlastingNozzle
Chromia Wire Guide
Revision 1 April 2011 14
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Cemented Carbide Die Alumina WebGuide
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 812
Revision 1 April 2011 15
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Alumina Shaft Sleeve Cemented CarbideTool Insert
Revision 1 April 2011 16
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Chromium Oxide Slurry Pump Liner
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 912
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1012
Revision 1 April 2011 19
Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquod
bull Cermets have good ductility and toughnessat high temperatures but lack strength and
creep resistance Metal content is high (65 to75)
Revision 1 April 2011 20
Applications Of Cermets
Particle
Material
Bond Structural
Type
Characteristicamp Use
Flake sliver orcopper
Graphite Laminated Current brushes 991251low friction
Alumina (70) Chromium (30) Bonded particles Very suitable for
high temperatureservice Goodresistance toimpact
Magnesia Nickel Flame sprayedheat resistant
coating
Applicable tostainless steel
alloy steel andinconel to raisethe workingtemperature byabout 80oC
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1112
Revision 1 April 2011 21
Applications Of Cermets ndash contrsquod
Particle Material Bond Structural Type Characteristic amp
Use
Alumina
(40 - 70)
Iron (30 991251 60) Bonded particles Turbine blades
Molybdenum boride Nickel Bonded particles Cutting tool for
machining titanium
Titanium carbide Various alloyscontaining Mo Aland Cr
Bonded particles In aircraft engineswhere refractorinessthermal shock-
resistance andresistance to
oxidation isnecessary
Tungsten or titanium
carbide
Cobalt Bonded particles Cutting tools for
materials including
masonry glass andmetal forming dies
Revision 1 April 2011 22
Properties And Applications OfIndustrial Diamonds
Properties
Diamond is the hardest ceramic material (Knoop = 7000)
Modulus of elasticity is also the highest of theceramic materials (E = 1000 GNm2) and it isabout 5 times that of most steels
Tensile strength of diamond is about 69
GNm2
The melting temperature is 4350oC and is thehighest of all the materials
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1212
Revision 1 April 2011 23
Properties And Applications Of IndustrialDiamonds ndash contrsquod
bull Applications
- Cutting
- Grinding
- Polishing
- Lapping
Diamond cutters
Diamond grinding wheel
Diamond polishing
Lapping process
Revision 1 April 2011 24 24
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 612
Revision 1 April 2011 11
Cross section of
assembledautomotive spark
plug showing
position ofceramic insulator
(in red)
Revision 1 April 2011 12
Typical Machine Applications Of Ceramics
Cemented Carbide
Knives
Alumina Wear Tiles
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 712
Revision 1 April 2011 13
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Boron Carbide
Abrasive BlastingNozzle
Chromia Wire Guide
Revision 1 April 2011 14
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Cemented Carbide Die Alumina WebGuide
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 812
Revision 1 April 2011 15
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Alumina Shaft Sleeve Cemented CarbideTool Insert
Revision 1 April 2011 16
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Chromium Oxide Slurry Pump Liner
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 912
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1012
Revision 1 April 2011 19
Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquod
bull Cermets have good ductility and toughnessat high temperatures but lack strength and
creep resistance Metal content is high (65 to75)
Revision 1 April 2011 20
Applications Of Cermets
Particle
Material
Bond Structural
Type
Characteristicamp Use
Flake sliver orcopper
Graphite Laminated Current brushes 991251low friction
Alumina (70) Chromium (30) Bonded particles Very suitable for
high temperatureservice Goodresistance toimpact
Magnesia Nickel Flame sprayedheat resistant
coating
Applicable tostainless steel
alloy steel andinconel to raisethe workingtemperature byabout 80oC
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1112
Revision 1 April 2011 21
Applications Of Cermets ndash contrsquod
Particle Material Bond Structural Type Characteristic amp
Use
Alumina
(40 - 70)
Iron (30 991251 60) Bonded particles Turbine blades
Molybdenum boride Nickel Bonded particles Cutting tool for
machining titanium
Titanium carbide Various alloyscontaining Mo Aland Cr
Bonded particles In aircraft engineswhere refractorinessthermal shock-
resistance andresistance to
oxidation isnecessary
Tungsten or titanium
carbide
Cobalt Bonded particles Cutting tools for
materials including
masonry glass andmetal forming dies
Revision 1 April 2011 22
Properties And Applications OfIndustrial Diamonds
Properties
Diamond is the hardest ceramic material (Knoop = 7000)
Modulus of elasticity is also the highest of theceramic materials (E = 1000 GNm2) and it isabout 5 times that of most steels
Tensile strength of diamond is about 69
GNm2
The melting temperature is 4350oC and is thehighest of all the materials
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1212
Revision 1 April 2011 23
Properties And Applications Of IndustrialDiamonds ndash contrsquod
bull Applications
- Cutting
- Grinding
- Polishing
- Lapping
Diamond cutters
Diamond grinding wheel
Diamond polishing
Lapping process
Revision 1 April 2011 24 24
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 712
Revision 1 April 2011 13
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Boron Carbide
Abrasive BlastingNozzle
Chromia Wire Guide
Revision 1 April 2011 14
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Cemented Carbide Die Alumina WebGuide
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 812
Revision 1 April 2011 15
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Alumina Shaft Sleeve Cemented CarbideTool Insert
Revision 1 April 2011 16
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Chromium Oxide Slurry Pump Liner
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 912
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1012
Revision 1 April 2011 19
Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquod
bull Cermets have good ductility and toughnessat high temperatures but lack strength and
creep resistance Metal content is high (65 to75)
Revision 1 April 2011 20
Applications Of Cermets
Particle
Material
Bond Structural
Type
Characteristicamp Use
Flake sliver orcopper
Graphite Laminated Current brushes 991251low friction
Alumina (70) Chromium (30) Bonded particles Very suitable for
high temperatureservice Goodresistance toimpact
Magnesia Nickel Flame sprayedheat resistant
coating
Applicable tostainless steel
alloy steel andinconel to raisethe workingtemperature byabout 80oC
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1112
Revision 1 April 2011 21
Applications Of Cermets ndash contrsquod
Particle Material Bond Structural Type Characteristic amp
Use
Alumina
(40 - 70)
Iron (30 991251 60) Bonded particles Turbine blades
Molybdenum boride Nickel Bonded particles Cutting tool for
machining titanium
Titanium carbide Various alloyscontaining Mo Aland Cr
Bonded particles In aircraft engineswhere refractorinessthermal shock-
resistance andresistance to
oxidation isnecessary
Tungsten or titanium
carbide
Cobalt Bonded particles Cutting tools for
materials including
masonry glass andmetal forming dies
Revision 1 April 2011 22
Properties And Applications OfIndustrial Diamonds
Properties
Diamond is the hardest ceramic material (Knoop = 7000)
Modulus of elasticity is also the highest of theceramic materials (E = 1000 GNm2) and it isabout 5 times that of most steels
Tensile strength of diamond is about 69
GNm2
The melting temperature is 4350oC and is thehighest of all the materials
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1212
Revision 1 April 2011 23
Properties And Applications Of IndustrialDiamonds ndash contrsquod
bull Applications
- Cutting
- Grinding
- Polishing
- Lapping
Diamond cutters
Diamond grinding wheel
Diamond polishing
Lapping process
Revision 1 April 2011 24 24
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 812
Revision 1 April 2011 15
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Alumina Shaft Sleeve Cemented CarbideTool Insert
Revision 1 April 2011 16
Typical Machine Applications OfCeramics ndash contrsquod
Chromium Oxide Slurry Pump Liner
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 912
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1012
Revision 1 April 2011 19
Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquod
bull Cermets have good ductility and toughnessat high temperatures but lack strength and
creep resistance Metal content is high (65 to75)
Revision 1 April 2011 20
Applications Of Cermets
Particle
Material
Bond Structural
Type
Characteristicamp Use
Flake sliver orcopper
Graphite Laminated Current brushes 991251low friction
Alumina (70) Chromium (30) Bonded particles Very suitable for
high temperatureservice Goodresistance toimpact
Magnesia Nickel Flame sprayedheat resistant
coating
Applicable tostainless steel
alloy steel andinconel to raisethe workingtemperature byabout 80oC
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1112
Revision 1 April 2011 21
Applications Of Cermets ndash contrsquod
Particle Material Bond Structural Type Characteristic amp
Use
Alumina
(40 - 70)
Iron (30 991251 60) Bonded particles Turbine blades
Molybdenum boride Nickel Bonded particles Cutting tool for
machining titanium
Titanium carbide Various alloyscontaining Mo Aland Cr
Bonded particles In aircraft engineswhere refractorinessthermal shock-
resistance andresistance to
oxidation isnecessary
Tungsten or titanium
carbide
Cobalt Bonded particles Cutting tools for
materials including
masonry glass andmetal forming dies
Revision 1 April 2011 22
Properties And Applications OfIndustrial Diamonds
Properties
Diamond is the hardest ceramic material (Knoop = 7000)
Modulus of elasticity is also the highest of theceramic materials (E = 1000 GNm2) and it isabout 5 times that of most steels
Tensile strength of diamond is about 69
GNm2
The melting temperature is 4350oC and is thehighest of all the materials
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1212
Revision 1 April 2011 23
Properties And Applications Of IndustrialDiamonds ndash contrsquod
bull Applications
- Cutting
- Grinding
- Polishing
- Lapping
Diamond cutters
Diamond grinding wheel
Diamond polishing
Lapping process
Revision 1 April 2011 24 24
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 912
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1012
Revision 1 April 2011 19
Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquod
bull Cermets have good ductility and toughnessat high temperatures but lack strength and
creep resistance Metal content is high (65 to75)
Revision 1 April 2011 20
Applications Of Cermets
Particle
Material
Bond Structural
Type
Characteristicamp Use
Flake sliver orcopper
Graphite Laminated Current brushes 991251low friction
Alumina (70) Chromium (30) Bonded particles Very suitable for
high temperatureservice Goodresistance toimpact
Magnesia Nickel Flame sprayedheat resistant
coating
Applicable tostainless steel
alloy steel andinconel to raisethe workingtemperature byabout 80oC
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1112
Revision 1 April 2011 21
Applications Of Cermets ndash contrsquod
Particle Material Bond Structural Type Characteristic amp
Use
Alumina
(40 - 70)
Iron (30 991251 60) Bonded particles Turbine blades
Molybdenum boride Nickel Bonded particles Cutting tool for
machining titanium
Titanium carbide Various alloyscontaining Mo Aland Cr
Bonded particles In aircraft engineswhere refractorinessthermal shock-
resistance andresistance to
oxidation isnecessary
Tungsten or titanium
carbide
Cobalt Bonded particles Cutting tools for
materials including
masonry glass andmetal forming dies
Revision 1 April 2011 22
Properties And Applications OfIndustrial Diamonds
Properties
Diamond is the hardest ceramic material (Knoop = 7000)
Modulus of elasticity is also the highest of theceramic materials (E = 1000 GNm2) and it isabout 5 times that of most steels
Tensile strength of diamond is about 69
GNm2
The melting temperature is 4350oC and is thehighest of all the materials
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1212
Revision 1 April 2011 23
Properties And Applications Of IndustrialDiamonds ndash contrsquod
bull Applications
- Cutting
- Grinding
- Polishing
- Lapping
Diamond cutters
Diamond grinding wheel
Diamond polishing
Lapping process
Revision 1 April 2011 24 24
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1012
Revision 1 April 2011 19
Properties Of Ceramics ndash contrsquod
bull Cermets have good ductility and toughnessat high temperatures but lack strength and
creep resistance Metal content is high (65 to75)
Revision 1 April 2011 20
Applications Of Cermets
Particle
Material
Bond Structural
Type
Characteristicamp Use
Flake sliver orcopper
Graphite Laminated Current brushes 991251low friction
Alumina (70) Chromium (30) Bonded particles Very suitable for
high temperatureservice Goodresistance toimpact
Magnesia Nickel Flame sprayedheat resistant
coating
Applicable tostainless steel
alloy steel andinconel to raisethe workingtemperature byabout 80oC
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1112
Revision 1 April 2011 21
Applications Of Cermets ndash contrsquod
Particle Material Bond Structural Type Characteristic amp
Use
Alumina
(40 - 70)
Iron (30 991251 60) Bonded particles Turbine blades
Molybdenum boride Nickel Bonded particles Cutting tool for
machining titanium
Titanium carbide Various alloyscontaining Mo Aland Cr
Bonded particles In aircraft engineswhere refractorinessthermal shock-
resistance andresistance to
oxidation isnecessary
Tungsten or titanium
carbide
Cobalt Bonded particles Cutting tools for
materials including
masonry glass andmetal forming dies
Revision 1 April 2011 22
Properties And Applications OfIndustrial Diamonds
Properties
Diamond is the hardest ceramic material (Knoop = 7000)
Modulus of elasticity is also the highest of theceramic materials (E = 1000 GNm2) and it isabout 5 times that of most steels
Tensile strength of diamond is about 69
GNm2
The melting temperature is 4350oC and is thehighest of all the materials
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1212
Revision 1 April 2011 23
Properties And Applications Of IndustrialDiamonds ndash contrsquod
bull Applications
- Cutting
- Grinding
- Polishing
- Lapping
Diamond cutters
Diamond grinding wheel
Diamond polishing
Lapping process
Revision 1 April 2011 24 24
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1112
Revision 1 April 2011 21
Applications Of Cermets ndash contrsquod
Particle Material Bond Structural Type Characteristic amp
Use
Alumina
(40 - 70)
Iron (30 991251 60) Bonded particles Turbine blades
Molybdenum boride Nickel Bonded particles Cutting tool for
machining titanium
Titanium carbide Various alloyscontaining Mo Aland Cr
Bonded particles In aircraft engineswhere refractorinessthermal shock-
resistance andresistance to
oxidation isnecessary
Tungsten or titanium
carbide
Cobalt Bonded particles Cutting tools for
materials including
masonry glass andmetal forming dies
Revision 1 April 2011 22
Properties And Applications OfIndustrial Diamonds
Properties
Diamond is the hardest ceramic material (Knoop = 7000)
Modulus of elasticity is also the highest of theceramic materials (E = 1000 GNm2) and it isabout 5 times that of most steels
Tensile strength of diamond is about 69
GNm2
The melting temperature is 4350oC and is thehighest of all the materials
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1212
Revision 1 April 2011 23
Properties And Applications Of IndustrialDiamonds ndash contrsquod
bull Applications
- Cutting
- Grinding
- Polishing
- Lapping
Diamond cutters
Diamond grinding wheel
Diamond polishing
Lapping process
Revision 1 April 2011 24 24
8122019 Chapter 7 - Engineering Ceramics
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullchapter-7-engineering-ceramics 1212
Revision 1 April 2011 23
Properties And Applications Of IndustrialDiamonds ndash contrsquod
bull Applications
- Cutting
- Grinding
- Polishing
- Lapping
Diamond cutters
Diamond grinding wheel
Diamond polishing
Lapping process
Revision 1 April 2011 24 24