Chapter 7-Foreign Affairs in the

Early Republic

Section 2- The War of 1812California Standards - 8.5, 8.5.1,

Looking Back, Looking Ahead

• Beginning in 1812, the United States went to war with Britain. Fighting took place in the United States, in Canada, and at sea.

Focusing on the Main Idea

• In 1812 the United States was at war with Britain and was unprepared from the onset.

• Even though the last battle of the war, the Battle of New Orleans, took place two weeks after the war had officially ended, the American victory there instilled a strong sense of national pride.

Places and People to Know

• Detroit• Lake Erie• William Hull• Oliver Hazard Perry• Andrew Jackson• Francis Scott Key

Vocabulary to know

• frigate• privateer• consist• assemble• economy

Did You Know?

• Although Francis Scott Key wrote the lyrics in 1814 of what was eventually called “The Star-Spangled Banner,”it originally was called “Defence of Fort McHenry”and was not adopted as our national anthem until March 3, 1931.

Where Did Hull take the US Troops?

• The United States did not have a large army at the beginning of the War of 1812.

• In July 1812 General William Hull led troops from Detroit toward Canada and encountered Tecumseh and his warriors.

• Hull surrendered Detroit.

What Were Some Important Battles of 1812?

• Oliver Hazard Perry, commander of the Lake Erie naval forces assembled a fleet to seize the lake from the British.

• In a bloody battle, Perry’s forces defeated British troops.

• Tecumseh was killed in the Battle of the Thames on October 5, 1813.

• By the end of 1813 the Americans had won some battles on land and at sea.

How Did the Americans Fight the British on the Sea?

• Americans had three of the fastest frigates, or warships, afloat that successfully destroyed British ships.

• American privateers, armed private ships, also captured numerous British vessels.

Who Did the US fight Against On Land?

• Andrew Jackson, a Tennessee planter, led an attack against the Creek in March 1814.

• Defeat at The Battle of Horseshoe Bend forced the Creek to give up their lands to the United States.

Discussion Question

• What happened at The Battle of Horseshoe Bend?

• (Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek people, who then gave up their lands to the United States.)

What Was the British Offensive?

• In August 1814 the British sailed into Chesapeake Bay and over powered American troops outside Washington, D.C.

• The British marched into the city and burned the Capitol and the White House.

Who Wrote the Star-Spangled Banner?

• The British left Washington, D.C., and sailed to Baltimore.

• American troops were waiting in Baltimore when the British attacked.

• Francis Scott Key wrote a song about the battle that is now the national anthem, “The Star-Spangled Banner.”

Why Did The British Stop?• British troops entered New

York State from Canada to capture Plattsburgh, a key city on the shore of Lake Champlain.

• An American naval force on Lake Champlain defeated the British, and they retreated to Canada.

• The British decided that to continue fighting would cost them too much with little to gain.

What Was the Treaty of Ghent?

• On December 24, 1814, the United States and Britain signed a peace agreement called the Treaty of Ghent.

What Made the Federalist Party Look Unpatriotic?

• Before news of the treaty became known, another battle broke out in New Orleans. The Americans, led by Andrew Jackson, won the battle.

• New England Federalists gathered at the Hartford Convention in December 1814 and discussed secession.

• Word arrived about Jackson’s victory in New Orleans and the peace treaty.

• The Federalist party appeared unpatriotic.

Discussion Question

• What inspired Francis Scott Key to write “The Star-Spangled Banner”?

• (Key was in Baltimore when the British fought American troops at Fort McHenry. In the morning after a night of fighting, Key could see the flag still flying over the fort, and this inspired him to write the song.)

Section 2 ReviewPage 359

• 1. Who won the Battle of Lake Champlain? Why was it an important victory?

• 2. What were the effects of the Battle of New Orleans?

• 4. Why did the Federalists Party lose support after the War of 1812?

• 6. Explain the relationship between Britain’s war with France and the War of 1812 and the Treaty of Ghent.